The document discusses setting up pumps in series and parallel configurations and measuring their performance. It includes:
- Instructions on connecting a single pump, or two identical pumps in series or parallel, to a water circulation system and software.
- Procedures to operate each configuration at varying flow rates, recording total head and flow from sensors to obtain pump curve data.
- Objectives to analyze and compare the performance of a single pump versus pumps in series/parallel, and suggest appropriate configurations based on given flow and head requirements.
- Background theory that pumps in series double the achievable head rise while maintaining the same flow, and pumps in parallel double the flow while maintaining the same head rise.
Characteristics of single pump and pumps in series and parallel use of industry standard software
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UNIVERSITY OF GLAMORGAN
Assessment Cover Sheet and Feedback Form
2012-13
Module Code:
Module Title:
Lecturer:
NG2S106
Water Engineering
Dr Suresh Surendran
Assignment No:
No. of pages in total including
this page:
Maximum Word Count:
2
Assignment Title:
2500 (excluding figures and tables)
Characteristics of single pump and pumps in series and parallel
(Use of Industry Standard Software)
See attached brief for details
Section A: Record of Submission
Record of Submission and Plagiarism Declaration
I declare that this assignment is my own work and that the sources of information
and material I have used (including the internet) have been fully identified and
properly acknowledged as required in the referencing guidelines provided.
Student Number:
You are required to acknowledge that you have read the above statement by writing your
student number(s) above.
(If this is a group assignment, please provide the student numbers of ALL group members)
Details of Submission
Note that all work handed in after the submission date and within 5 working days will be capped
at 40%. No marks will be awarded if the assignment is submitted after the late submission date
2. unless mitigating circumstances are applied for and accepted.
•
•
•
•
IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO KEEP A RECORD OF ALL WORK SUBMITTED.
An electronic copy of your work should be submitted via Blackboard.
Work should also be submitted to the member of academic staff responsible for setting your
work.
Work not submitted to the lecturer responsible may, exceptionally, be submitted (on the
submission date) to the reception of the Faculty of Advanced Technology, which is on the
2nd floor of G block (Room G221) where a receipt will be issued.
Mitigating Circumstances: if there are any exceptional circumstances which may have
affected your ability to undertake or submit this assignment, make sure you contact the
Faculty Advice Shop on 01443 482540 (G221).
Section B : Marking and Assessment
This assignment will be marked out of 100%
It is estimated that you should
spend approximately
This assignment contributes to 10% of the total module marks.
____5____ hours on this
This assignment is non-bonded. The student needs to pass this
coursework in order to pass the module.
Date Set:
Submission Date:
19 February 2013
By 19 March 2013
Assignment.
Feedback Date:
20 Working days from
submission
Learning Outcomes
This assignment addresses the following learning outcome(s) of the module: LO2:
Demonstrate competence in project work (laboratory work, and use of industry standard software
in the design and analysis of hydraulics and engineering hydrology problems) through
application, experimentation, recording, research, analysis and interpretation of results and the
production of a quality project report to specified standards.
Marks
Marks
Marking Scheme
Available Awarded
3. 1. Presentation of report in accordance with the guideline notes.
5
2. Attendance, experimental technique, data preparation and processing
20
3. Examination, analysis and interpretation of results
• Investigate and draw the “Pump Curve” for the single pump
• Calculate and draw the “System Curve” for the single pump
• Find the “Duty Point” for the single pump and the flow rate;
• Investigate the result on discharge and total head of operating
pumps in series draw the “Pump Curves”.
• Investigate the result on discharge and total head of operating
pumps in parallel draw the “Pump Curves”.
• Compare the graphs for a single pump and combination of
pumps. To find out that the total flow and head gain for the two
pumps in series and in parallel match the theoretical prediction.
• Compare the graphs for pumps in series and pumps in parallel,
and describe the similarities and differences.
55
4. Discussion and conclusions, together with discussion on
engineering implications and applications of findings including
• Suggestions on what sort of pump arrangements to be used,
- If the water to be delivered with the same flow rate, to another
overhead tank at a higher head (e.g. 6m),
- if the water to be delivered to the original overhead tank (3m 20
head) at a higher flow rate (e.g. 2l/s)
• Examples of applications where pumps might be connected in
series and in parallel, and also with situations where it would be
more appropriate (cost-benefit) to select a single pump of higher
performance (high flow and /or head).
Total
Σ
100%
Assessment Criteria
Performance Level
Criteria
0
Fail (<40%)
Non-attendance at lab session.
Attendance at lab session but with submission of poorly presented lab
report showing little evidence of addressing the tasks set. Poor
discussion on implications of head loss.
Lab attendance with below average submission and presentation of lab
report with minimal data presentation, analysis and discussion of results
and below average discussion of implications of head loss.
Lab attendance with good submission and presentation of lab report
with average data presentation, analysis and discussion of results and a
good discussion of implications of head loss.
Lab attendance with very good submission and presentation of lab
report with good data presentation, analysis, discussion of results and
conclusions; a very good discussion of implications of head loss.
Lab attendance with excellent submission and presentation of lab report
with excellent data presentation, analysis, discussion of results and
conclusions; a very good discussion of implications of head loss.
3rd Class / PASS
(40%-49%)
Lower 2nd Class /
PASS (50%-59%)
Upper 2nd Class /
MERIT (60%-69%)
1st Class /
DISTINCTION (>=
70%)
Section C : Marker’s Feedback
5. Brief
A pump is required to deliver l/sec water from a collection tank (A) at ground level
to an overhead storage tank (B) at 3m from the ground level via 4m length of 25
mm dia pipe and fittings with the friction factor (f) of 0.008.
A pump is purchased for this purpose. When pump perform effectively (at the
“Duty Point” when System head = Pump head), find the flow rate and comment
that whether this pump deliver water at the rate of 1 l/sec to overhead storage tank
effectively.
If the water to be delivered with the same flow rate (1l/s), to another overhead tank
at a higher head (e.g. 6m), what sort of pump arrangements you would suggest?
If the water to be delivered to the original overhead tank (3m head) at a higher flow
rate (e.g. 2l/s), what sort of pump arrangements you would suggest?
1.0
Objectives
a) To investigate the result on discharge flow rate and head of a single
operating pump (see section 5.1)
b) To draw the “Pump curve” (Head Vs Flow rate) for the single pump
c) To calculate the “System Head” for various flows from the above data and
draw the “System curve” for the single pump (plot the system & pump
curves together)
d) To find the “Duty Point” for the single pump and the flow rate; Comment
e) To investigate the result on discharge and total head of operating pumps
in series.
f) To investigate the result on discharge and total head of operating pumps
in parallel.
g) To compare the graphs for a single pump and combination of pumps. To
find out that the total flow and head gain for the two pumps in series and
in parallel match the theoretical prediction.
h) To compare the graphs for pumps in series and pumps in parallel, and
describe the similarities and differences.
i) To suggest what sort of pump arrangements to be used,
• If the water to be delivered with the same flow rate, to another overhead
tank at a higher head (e.g. 6m),
• if the water to be delivered to the original overhead tank (3m head) at a
higher flow rate (e.g. 2l/s)
j) To give examples of applications where pumps might be connected in
series and in parallel, and also with situations where it would be more
appropriate (cost-benefit) to select a single pump of higher performance
(high flow and /or head).
7. A single pump may be insufficient to produce the performance required.
Combining two pumps increases the performance of the pumping system.
2.1
Pumps in Series: Two pumps may be connected in series, so that water
passes first through one pump and then through the second. When two similar
pumps operate in series, the flow rate is the same as for a single similar pump
but the total head is increased. The combined pump head-capacity curve is
found by adding the heads of the single pump curves at the same flow rate. For
similar pumps twice the head gain for a single pump.
2.2
Pumps in Parallel: Two similar pumps may be connected in parallel, so that
half the flow passes through one of the pumps and the other half through the
second pump. When two pumps operate in parallel the total head increase
remains unchanged but the flow rate is increased. The head-capacity curve is
found by adding the flow rates of the single pump curves at the same head. For
similar pumps twice the flow rate of a single pump.
3.0
Description of the Equipment and Software Required
3.1
FM51 Series and Parallel Pumps Demonstration Unit: The equipment
comprises two centrifugal water pumps together with a reservoir and associated
pipe work for continuous circulation. The flow of water through the centrifugal
pump is regulated by a flow control valve on the discharge side of the pump. A
valve in the inlet pipework of the pump allows the control of suction. Appropriate
sensors are incorporated to allow analysis of pump performance.
8. Figure 1: Equipment FM51 Series and Parallel Pumps Demonstration Unit
3.2
IFD7 Armfield interface device: The FM51 Unit is designed for operation using
the IFD7 and associated Armfield FM51-304 software. Signals from the sensors
are sent to a computer via this interface device.
3.3
WindowsTM PC with Armfield FM51-304 software: The software allows control
of the pump frequency and logging of data from all sensors. The software also
performs calculations on the data obtained, and may be construct the graphs of
the results automatically or the data obtained may be imported into a spreadsheet (Excel) and the graphs may be plotted manually. The exercises may be
performed in separate tests and these results may be combined into a single
session without shutting down the equipment and produced a single spreadsheet and graphs. The mimic diagram screen of the software is shown below.
Figure 2: The standard screen of the Armfield 304 software and toolbars
9. 4.0
Equipment set up and initial operational procedure
a) If necessary, fill the reservoir to within 20cm of the top rim (Ensure the equipment is
switched off and the drain valve is at the base of the reservoir fully closed, before
filling the reservoir).
b) Check that both pumps are fitted with identical impellers (the impellers may be
viewed through the clear front-plate of each pump).
c) Ensure the inlet valve and gate valve are both fully open.
d) Open both Pump 1 outlet valve and Pump 2 outlet valve fully.
e) Ensure the equipment is connected to the IFD7 and the IFD7 is connected to a
suitable PC. The red and green indicator lights on the IFD7 should both be
illuminated.
f) Ensure the FM51 is connected to an appropriate mains supply, and switch on the
supply. Switch on the FM51.
g) Run the FM51-304 software. Check that ‘IFD: OK’ is displayed in the bottom right
corner of the screen and that there are values displayed in all the sensor display
boxes on the mimic diagram.
h) Both pumps must be used at the same setting in this experiment, to ensure identical
performance. As the speed of Pump 2 is fixed at its design operational point, Pump
1 should be set to 80% (for a 50Hz electrical supply) to match.
5.0
Experimental Procedure
5.1
Exercise A: Single pump
a) Set the 3-way valve for flow in “single” pump and Close the Pump 2 outlet valve
as shown in the Figure 3
Figure 3:
Pump 2 (off)
Pump 1 (on)
b) In the software, on the mimic diagram, set the ‘Mode’ to ‘Single’ by selecting the
appropriate radio button (The software will on the Pump 1 & off Pump 2).
c) Allow water to circulate until all air has been flushed from the system.
d) Open and name the results sheet to ‘Single’.
e) Select the “GO” icon to record the sensor readings and pump settings for
maximum flow (gate valve is fully opened) on the results table of the software.
• Signals from the pressure and flow rate sensors are sent to the Armfield
software via the IFD data logging device, and are displayed on the mimic
diagram screen.
• Pressure sensor data will be converted as “Pressure heads” and give total
pump heads (hp)
• The flow rate through the pump can be controlled using the manual gate
(outlet) valve. This alters the back pressure on the pump, and hence the head
against which the pump must do work. The valve is fully open (maximum flow)
when the handle is fully clockwise, and is fully closed (no flow) when the
handle is fully anticlockwise. The correct directions are marked on the handle.
f) Close the gate valve to reduce the flow (at the beginning, when the flow is very
high close the vale by turning 3 rotation and then 2 rotations). Select the “GO”
icon again.
10. g) Continue to close the gate valve to give incremental changes in flow rate (for
medium flows turn the gate vale by 1 rotation and for low flows turn by ½
rotation). When select the “GO” icon each time, the software will record the
sensor data.
h) After taking the final set of data for fully closed gate valve, open the gate valve to
give incremental changes in flow rate until fully open the gate valve. Select the
“GO” icon each time to record the Flow (Q) and Total Head (hp) from the sensors.
i) When adjusting the flow rate, turn the valve handle smoothly and steadily and
observe the result of the change on the software screen. The system will require
a few moments to respond to any changes, so allow time for the sensor readings
to settle and re-adjust the valve if necessary before taking a data sample.
j) Save the result sheet “Single” and copy this to your own USB memory stick.
5.2
Exercise B: Series pump
a) Set the 3-way valve for flow in “series” pump and open the Pump 2, close Pum 1
outlet valve as shown in the Figure 4
Figure 4:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
5.3
Create a new results sheet using the icon in the tool bar. Rename this new
results sheet to ‘Series’.
Fully open Pump 2 outlet valve and wait for any air to circulate out of the
system.
Select the “GO” icon to record the sensor readings and pump settings on the
results table of the software.
Close the gate valve to reduce the flow by a small increment as suggested in
Exercise A procedures. Select the “GO” icon again.
Continue to close the gate valve to give incremental changes in flow rate,
recording the sensor data each time.
After taking the final set of data for fully closed gate valve, open the gate valve to
give incremental changes in flow rate until fully open the gate valve. Select the
“GO” icon each time to record the Flow (Q) and Total Head (hp) from the sensors.
Save the results from this exercise before starting next exercise “C” (Parallel
Pumps)
• This exercise (Exercise B) may be performed immediately after the Exercise
A and then continue the Experiment C without closing the software. Save the
results and ensure they are available for Exercise C when required. The
results sheet may be manipulated with the combined results once Exercise C
has been completed).
Exercise C: Parallel pump
(a) Set the 3-way valve for flow in “parallel” pump and open the Pump 1 & 2 outlet
valves as shown in the Figure 5
11. Figure 5:
(b) Create a new results sheet using the icon in the tool bar. Rename this new
results sheet to ‘Parallel’.
(c) Repeat the procedures as Exercise B.
6.0
Results from the test
On a base of flow rate, plot a graph of total head gain for the single pump and
• for two pumps connected in series
• for two pumps connected in parallel
Calculate the difference between
• the total head gain for single and series pumps.
• the total flow rate for single and parallel pumps.
7.0
Conclusion
See the objectives
8.0 Software, saving and exporting data
The data accumulated using the sample button is held in a series of arrays within the
program. The data can be written by the software to a file in a format suitable for
importing into a spreadsheet (e.g. Excel 5.0, 4.0 formats). Data can be saved using the
Save icon on the standard toolbar. The data is saved to the currently active file, defined
by the last use of the ‘Save As’ command.
12. 9.0
Guidelines notes for writing up your work
(i)
Laboratory work
• The following should be observed in all cases:
(a)
Abstract/Summary of your work (consisting of statement of your aims
and objectives, how they were achieved, main findings and conclusions)
(b)
Aims and objectives of experiment
(c)
A very brief introduction/background consisting of only the relevant theory
(d)
Description of apparatus
(e)
Methodology
(f)
Data, results and graphs
(g)
Interpretation and discussion of results, including errors and how to
minimise them
(h)
Conclusions
• The instruction sheet should not be copied wholesale
• When repeated calculations are involved only one example should be
presented/demonstrated
• All work must be well presented in terms of language, style, layout and
meaningfulness of graphs and charts
• You must demonstrate evidence of research through use of appropriate
references – which must be properly cited
(ii)
Non-laboratory work
• The following should be observed in all cases:
(a) Abstract/Summary of your work (consisting of statement of your aims and
objectives, how they were achieved, main findings and conclusions)
(b) Introduction, including a relevant and critical literature review
(c) Main body of work consisting of critical examination/presentation of the
issues involved
(d) Discussion and conclusions
• All work must be well presented in terms of language, style, layout and
meaningfulness of quotations, graphs and charts.
• You must demonstrate evidence of research through use of appropriate
references – which must be properly cited
