5ch Meteor Echo RadioInterferometer System

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This report is about new meteor observation hard and software system using radio forward scattering and the interferometry technique.

Science

普段、山など障害物に阻まれて電波が届かないような場所でも
流星が流れた瞬間に、電波が電離柱に反射して一瞬だけ届くという現象が起こります。
流星電波観測の原理

流星電波干渉計とは
波長𝝀 [m]に比例した基線長d [m]をおく
受信する電波は
微小時間差 D/c [s] (D:行路差 [m] c:光速 [m/s])
でアンテナへ到来
D とd が分かれば
D=d・sin𝜃
到来角𝜽も求まる
流星エコーの到来電波の位相のズレから
到来方向を割り出す仕組みです。

流星出現位置と撮影システムを連動して
日本上空の流星を自動で撮影するシステムを目指しています。
2018/04/08 04:08:11 中型流星
2018/04/09 19:19:44 中型流星
2018/04/09 12:22:45 小型流星
2018/04/09 03:42:03 大型流星
2018/04/09 02:03:31 大型流星
2018/04/08 10:21:51 小型流星
2018/04/09 20:52:15 小型流星

25~110MHzまで周波数対応して、HRO、FRO、VOR、V-Lowで
マルチバンドで流星電波観測できる新たな電波干渉計です。

信号生データスペクトル位相
[入出力詳細]
・アンテナ×5
・GPS
・AGC
入力信号を4000Hzにダウンコーバートして出力
流星エコーの信号強度を正確に知るためにAGCの制御電圧も出力
[解析]
・25ms毎にFFT

位相差
[解析]
・25ms毎にFFT
(オレンジ東西、ピンク南北)
位相差が落ち着いている
||
流星エコー
エコーがまだ入ってない

スペクトル解析
[解析]
・五分間のデータ
・エコー自動解析
・500ms毎にFFT

ペルセ群観測結果
◆観測環境
場所：高知工科大学
対象電波：53.755MHz (福井県立大発信HRO)
受信機：新電波干渉計
アンテナ：Radix製クロス八木アンテナ KIT-53Y2/X
◆ 観測期間
8/8~8/14
※8/8の夜にPC起動。また8/11は強烈なノイズが入っており観測不可。
8/14は停電に備え朝にPC停止。
Date Duration(s) DataLength AzimuthAngle ElevationAngle
20180814_035342 1.5 60 151.858 77.4828
◆ 流星数
8/8 - 2個
8/9 - 24個
8/10 - 30個
8/11 - 1個
8/12 - 38個
8/13 - 49個
8/14 - 10個
◆ ビデオ観測との同時観測数
高知工科大学が撮影したUFOCaptureでのビデオ観測結果と照合し
同時観測も計測。
結果としては、3つ同時観測できた。
・8/12 4:18:43~45
・8/12 23:41:48~49
・8/14 3:53:19~20 火球

Date Duration(s) DataLength AzimuthAngle ElevationAngle
20180814_035342 1.5 60 151.858 77.4828
8/14 3:53:19~20頃の火球
UFOCaptureでのビデオ観測では、正確な軌道は導き出せなかったが
南方向に向けたカメラに映ったことから、大まかには解析結果とあってきそう。
アンテナ、受信器の内部位相差をキャリブレーションを行うことで正確な値を算出する。
流星エコーの反射地点 (@33.1893638,131.9317464)

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5ch Meteor Echo RadioInterferometer System

1. 流星電波干渉計開発について 2018.10.7 武田誠也

2. 普段、山など障害物に阻まれて電波が届かないような場所でも流星が流れた瞬間に、電波が電離柱に反射して一瞬だけ届くという現象が起こります。流星電波観測の原理

3. 流星電波干渉計とは波長𝝀 [m]に比例した基線長d [m]をおく受信する電波は微小時間差 D/c [s] (D:行路差 [m] c:光速 [m/s]) でアンテナへ到来 D とd が分かれば D=d・sin𝜃 到来角𝜽も求まる流星エコーの到来電波の位相のズレから到来方向を割り出す仕組みです。

5. 流星出現位置と撮影システムを連動して日本上空の流星を自動で撮影するシステムを目指しています。 2018/04/08 04:08:11 中型流星 2018/04/09 19:19:44 中型流星 2018/04/09 12:22:45 小型流星 2018/04/09 03:42:03 大型流星 2018/04/09 02:03:31 大型流星 2018/04/08 10:21:51 小型流星 2018/04/09 20:52:15 小型流星

6. 25~110MHzまで周波数対応して、HRO、FRO、VOR、V-Lowでマルチバンドで流星電波観測できる新たな電波干渉計です。

7. 5ch電波干渉計ブロック図 5ch電波干渉計ハード外観

8. 3chでの観測テスト@東京 5chでの観測テスト@高知工科大

9. 電波干渉計解析画面 (1chシグナルジェネレーター接続テスト)

10. 電波干渉計解析画面

11. 信号生データスペクトル位相 [入出力詳細] ・アンテナ×5 ・GPS ・AGC 入力信号を4000Hzにダウンコーバートして出力流星エコーの信号強度を正確に知るためにAGCの制御電圧も出力 [解析] ・25ms毎にFFT

12. 位相差 [解析] ・25ms毎にFFT (オレンジ東西、ピンク南北) 位相差が落ち着いている || 流星エコーエコーがまだ入ってない

13. スペクトル解析 [解析] ・五分間のデータ・エコー自動解析・500ms毎にFFT

14. ペルセ群観測結果 ◆観測環境場所：高知工科大学対象電波：53.755MHz (福井県立大発信HRO) 受信機：新電波干渉計アンテナ：Radix製クロス八木アンテナ KIT-53Y2/X ◆ 観測期間 8/8~8/14 ※8/8の夜にPC起動。また8/11は強烈なノイズが入っており観測不可。 8/14は停電に備え朝にPC停止。 Date Duration(s) DataLength AzimuthAngle ElevationAngle 20180814_035342 1.5 60 151.858 77.4828 ◆ 流星数 8/8 - 2個 8/9 - 24個 8/10 - 30個 8/11 - 1個 8/12 - 38個 8/13 - 49個 8/14 - 10個 ◆ ビデオ観測との同時観測数高知工科大学が撮影したUFOCaptureでのビデオ観測結果と照合し同時観測も計測。結果としては、3つ同時観測できた。・8/12 4:18:43~45 ・8/12 23:41:48~49 ・8/14 3:53:19~20 火球

15. Date Duration(s) DataLength AzimuthAngle ElevationAngle 20180814_035342 1.5 60 151.858 77.4828 8/14 3:53:19~20頃の火球 UFOCaptureでのビデオ観測では、正確な軌道は導き出せなかったが南方向に向けたカメラに映ったことから、大まかには解析結果とあってきそう。アンテナ、受信器の内部位相差をキャリブレーションを行うことで正確な値を算出する。流星エコーの反射地点 (@33.1893638,131.9317464)

5ch Meteor Echo RadioInterferometer System

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