Energy Analysis Plays an Important Role in Purchase Decisions
Gha Science association 29 biennial conf GSA 29BC wisdom
1. GHANA SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
29TH BIENNIAL CONFERENCE, TAMALE
ENERGY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BY
WISDOM AHIATAKU-TOGOBO* & ROBERT SOGBADJI**
watogobo@gmail.com* robertmawuko@gmail.com **
MINISTRY OF POWER, GHANA
2. ENERGY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• No country can develop economically without access to modern,
reliable, affordable and clean energy
• Access to cheap and reliable electricity is a necessary resource for
industrialization and economic development
• Backbone of any industrialized country is the availability of cheap
electrical power.
• What is the energy mix for the World and industrialized countries vis-
a-vis Africa and Ghana?
7. • Cheap power is needed to support industry for economic development
• Estimated that Ghana has about 2 billion Tons of Iron ore
• 700millon Tons of Bauxite
• Value addition to natural resource - Gold, Cocoa, oil etc.
• Most industrialized countries (Germany, Japan) have no natural resource. They use cheap power to
add value to primary products imported from developing countries and export back.
8. • Ghana is one of the few
countries where the
commercial and industrial
sector pay higher tariff
than the residential sector.
• There is no way industries
in Ghana can compete with
their counterparts
• Result is illegal connections
– high commercial losses
9. • Consumption by the residential and non-residential class
increased by 100% during the period 2000 -2011.
• Consumption by the industrial class saw no increase
during the period.
• Industries were more affected by the power rationing.
11. -
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Primary Energy Supply in Ghana (ktoe)
Wood
Hydro
Oil
Natural
Gas
Source: EC Energy statistics 2015
• Woodfuel and A significant share of primary energy often not
factored in computing our energy balance is the use of human
/animal power.
12. • More than 56% of final energy is used for cooking and heating.
• Electricity accounts for only 8.4% of final energy consumption
13. 0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
ANNUAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION TREND 2000-2014
VRA Solar
Takoradi T3
Bui
CEL
SAPP
TT2PP
TT1PP
MRP
KRPP
ERPP
TRPP
TICO
TAPCO
Kpong
Akosombo
Data Source: Energy Commission. Graph by: W. A. Togobo 2015
14. Electricity Supply Inadequacy
• Today Ghana is forced to shed as much as 650MW at peak periods
and 440MW during off-peak periods
• This situation is further worsened by the poor rainfall we have had
over the last two years and the impact on the Volta basin and our
hydropower generation.
• The impact of the power outages most of which were unplanned have
significantly affected and reduced the pace of the rather fast socio-
economic growth in the country.
• Load shedding sometimes is as worse as 12 hour on, 24 hours off.
15. Electricity Demand Trend 1967-2015
• Available generation in 1967 Akosombo Dam – 600MW.
• Peak demand 1967 - 100MW
• Demand has since kept increasing to 1,366.50MW in 2008
• Demand further increased to 1,729MW in 2012
• As at Dec. 2013, suppressed demand was 1,943MW (12% annual
growth rate)
• Current suppressed peak demand for 2015 is about - 2,300MW.
16. ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
Year
ECG
GWh
NEDCO
GWh
TOTAL
GWh
2000 2,910 239 3,149
2010 4,952 473 5,425
UPPER EASTUPPER WEST
NORTHERN
BRONG AHAFO
ASHANTI
WESTERN
CENTRAL GREATER
ACCRA
EASTERN VOLTA
NEDCOECG
More than 90% of Electricity is consumed
through ECG in the southern Sector
17. Power Generation Trend in Ghana
• Generation capacity has been increased to match up with the increasing
demand;
• Installed capacity has increased from 600MW in 1967 to 1,810MW in 2008
• Current installed capacity (2015) - 2,845.5MW.
• Unfortunately total available generation capacity is only 1,494 MW (peak)
and 1,238 MW (off-peak)
• Deficit of more than 750MW in generation capacity.
• Mainly due to the non-availability of some generating units as a result of
faults, fuel supply challenges especially from the source of the West African
Gas Pipeline amongst others.
20. Conclusion
• Ghana need Cheap Power to stimulate economic development as it is
in the industrialized countries
• Brazil, China, USA, France etc
• Available cheap energy sources include Hydro, Coal, Gas and Nuclear.
• Ghana has the potential to utilize these energy resources to stimulate
economic development.
• Modern renewable energies (solar, wind, wave, Biomass) though
expensive have a very important role to play in decentralize
electrification WHERE GRID ACCESS IS A CHALLENGE.
21.
22. • Reducing indoor air
pollution (BIOGAS)
• Improvement in social
wellbeing (SOLAR, WIND)
• Transport Fuel
(BIOFUELS)
Energy Policy Target
