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Building Pennsylvania's First Detector Network Part 2
1. Ruth Welliver
PDA Bureau of Plant Industry, Plant Health Programs
rwelliver@pa.gov
October/November 2013
2. Photo courtesy of Charles Lam
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Why do First Detector online training?
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Sample and Communication Flow
•
Putting Pests in Perspective…. Lists!
•
Sample Submission Notes
•
Training Others
3. In a pest emergency, WE – all of
us – are the First Responders.
5. First Detector
Local Extension Office
PSU Plant Disease, Weed, or Ent ID Labs
PDA Plant Labs
USDA-APHIS-PPQ identifiers
************************************
For Regulatory Staff: directly from
First Detector
PDA Plant Labs
6. First Detector
Local Extension Office
PSU Plant Disease, Weed, or Ent ID Labs
PDA Plant Labs, SPHD and SPRO
USDA-APHIS-PPQ identifiers
************************************
For Regulatory Staff:
First Detector (PDA Inspectors)
PDA Labs
7.
Regulated business (such as a nursery) brings samples
to Extension?
… and a regulated pest if identified?
Homeowner or commercial crop farmer walks into
PDA lab with sample?
Asian Longhorned Beetle detection is reported on the
local news, based on a homeowner sighting?
8.
Pest information does
not always flow in the
channels we set for it
Open Communication
minimizes
misunderstandings,
saves time reacting to
the information and
the pest situation
10. Select Agent
High
vs. Quarantine pest Consequence
vs. RegulatedPests, Diseases and
Non-Quarantine Pest
Weeds
vs. High Consequence Pest
vs. Economically-Important Pest
vs. Public Nuisance
vs. Just a Pest!
11.
Select Agent:
A very specific list of pathogens that could be
deployed as bioterrorism weapons.
Human, Animal, and Plant pathogens and toxins
NOT a real concern for most First Detectors
High Consequence
Economic or Ecological damage potential
Regulatory significance
12.
13.
14.
15. Emerald Ash Borer already
present in
Pennsylvania, eradication not
feasible
20.
Many lists available, overlapping
Need different ones for different purposes
Lists change as situations change
Requires good communication among users!
… which is why we are here, and why we chose to highlight
the pests we did today
22. Is a picture worth a thousand samples?
County Extension Offices are a first contact point! http://extension.psu.edu/counties
PSU Plant Disease Clinic – Specimen Info Form; and Instructions
PSU Entomology Labs: 814-865-1896
PSU Turfgrass Services:
http://plantscience.psu.edu/research/centers/turf/extension/services
************************************
PDA Entomology: Sample Submission Form
PDA Weed: PaPlants
PDA Pathology: PaPlants
23.
Complete
Need insect(s), not a leaf with a hole that may have been chewed by an
insect….
Need whole insect. Multiple specimens and/or multiple stages are useful
Secure (Dead!)
Place in 70-80% Ethyl or Isopropyl Alcohol in a leak proof vial.
Moths, Butterflies, and Mealy bugs should be frozen and placed in a hard
plastic container with dry paper toweling
Other? – Best to contact entomologists
Adequate Information
Complete submission form
Include damage photos or descriptions of anything
unusual.
Proper Packaging
Secure to prevent escapes or leaks
Use pencil or alcohol-safe ink for data label (Sharpie and regular Packaged to
pens bleed)
Protect condition of specimen until it reaches the lab
24.
Complete
Whole plant is better than part of a
plant; show range of symptoms
Adequate information –
Specimen Info Form or PDSR completed;
images helpful
Proper Packaging
Condition maintained to lab; O/N
shipping best, keep cool but not
frozen.
Secure –plants alive but in packaging
that prevents leaks or escapes.
25.
Complete
Whole plant is better than part of a plant
Include roots, flower, fruit, and seeds when possible
Multiple specimens are helpful
Adequate information
Include surrounding habitat (field, road side, yard, etc) information
Proper Packaging
Packaged to protect condition of specimen
until it reaches the lab
Avoid temp and moisture extremes
Make sure foliage is dry when packaged;
pat dry with paper towel if needed
Secure to prevent escapes or leaks
27.
www.firstdetector.org
Modules on
Diagnosing Plant Problems
Some scripted presentations available at:
https://firstdetector.org/jsp/contentPages/power%20point%20presentations.jsp
Need other training tools?
- Contact the Plant Health Resource Center!
28.
29.
ALB – 5431705: Melody Keena, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
Tuta absoluta - 5432149: Marja van der Straten, NVWA Plant Protection Service, Bugwood.org
Oak splendour beetle – 5371055: Gyorgy Csoka, Hungary Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org
EAB – 5369165: Marianne Prue, Ohio Department of Natural Resources - Division of Forestry,
Bugwood.org
Comparison of Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida – 1356147: Ulrich Zunke, University of
Hamburg, Bugwood.org
Several images have photographer credited with the image. Images without any associated credits are
from PDA Plant Industry collections.
Editor's Notes
In this presentation, we continue a discussion of the resources available to first detectors in Pennsylvania, and how we can open up communication lines to build a better network.
Getting us on the same page --The National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN) was created to strengthen the plant diagnostic laboratories in land grant universities, with a goal of enhancing plant biosecurity in the US. It was really the first time there was a push to educate land grant university personnel -- plant disease clinics, for example -- in regulatory pest issues, or to establish stronger communication among University – State – PPQ personnel. The Plant Health Resource Center, although created independently, is another step in building those relationships in PA. Remember – First DetectorsWILL BE the First Responders in a plant pest emergency. A general understanding of each other and of plant pests will makethat response more efficient and hopefully also more effective.
Two very straightforward, straight-line sample routes for diagnostics: PSU and PDAs. When PDA receives a phone call from a homeowner or commercial crop producer, we refer the caller to their county extension office.
Results generally flow backwards through the same channel. However, when the sample diagnosis is of national regulatory significance, two important people are included in the communication: Pennsylvania’s State Plant Health Director (SPHD), which is a USDA position; and the State Plant Regulatory Official (SPRO), a PDA staff position. These two are charged with coordinating the regulatory responses to pest finds.
Many pest lists are available, that have different scopes and different purposes.
The Select Agent list is an extremely specific list, produced by federal government, difficult to change, that is published in the Federal Register. Best info on Select Agents can be found at www.selectagents.gov/We plan to develop a much more flexible, usable list of pests of concern to Pennsylvania through the Plant Health Resource Center.
Here’s an exercise to demonstrate that not everyone would categorize pests in the same way – no one would be wrong, we would just have different purposes in mind…. First – which of these things is not like the others?
Possible answers: only one with its mouth open; only one not wearing sneakers, only one that is not a child….. But if you think like a regulator, you say…
Possible answers: Three beetles and one moth; three wood borers and one leaf eater; three that could come in on wood products….
As of October 2013, EAB is the only one established in Pennsylvania, so regulatory framework for management or control is very different from the other three, which are not known to occur in PA.
Possible answers: Three ornamental plants and one food crop; ….
Ralstoniasolanacearum Race3 Biovar 2 is a select agent. While all four of these pests could be regulated at the greenhouse/nursery level, Ralstonia is the only one that is an automatic destruction order, no matter where it may be found in the state – greenhosue, reidential, field settings all included. This is because of its damage potential to potato.
Last example – four weeds. Who is different?Possible answers: Musk thistle, because it has been established the longest. Purple loosestrife, because it affects waterways. Giant hogweed, because it is a human health concern.
Giant hogweed: While all four of these are on the PA noxious weed control list, giant hogweed remains of limited-enough distribution that we are attempting eradication.
Now some notes on sample submission, to supplement what you learned in the online training modules.
While pictures are often of use as a starting point for quick and dirty diagnostics, or to provide additional situational information to accompany a sample, there are many situations where a sample is absolutely required for a correct diagnosis. In addition, even if a perfect image is provided, a voucher specimen is required before regulatory action may be taken. For example – if you take a picture of Asian Longhorned Beetle, we would never call the state or a county positive for Asian Longhorned Beetle until we had secured an official sample from that site.Here is a partial listing of PSU and PDA information for submitting samples.
