Slide 3 I have decided to break the talk down into sub headings which are as follows: Personal context ie: An understanding of why I have personally approached the work in the way that I have. Cultural and current approaches Defining anger and looking at the American and UK Models of working Creative ways of working and thinking about anger An opportunity to share with you some of the insights I have gained in specialising in this are of work. Awareness and change Bringing awareness into the therapy and the future,
These are the most common definitions of anger.. I noticed how my own definition changed when carrying out the research. I now feel that anger is a signpost to show us what we are clinging onto as a form of identity . Perhaps exploring our sense of identity and what threatens ie what we are protecting could offer an indication of why anger may arise. I also feel that anger is a state of separateness which I will say more about later.
Rational Emotive Therapy – They believe that effective anger management relies on identifying, “ healthy” assertive and, “ Unhealthy,” destructive beliefs and change the unhealthy anger to creating new beliefs. Psychodynamic Approach – Helped us to understand how defences and past history influence our recognition and handling of anger The term anger management commonly refers to a system of psychological therapeutic techniques and exercises by which one with excessive or uncontrollable anger can control or reduce the triggers, degrees, and effects of an angered emotional state Most anger management therefore focuses on a way to convey to a client an understandable model of anger and its relationship to triggering thoughts, events and violent behaviour.
The model rejects treatment through insight models, family systems theory or cognitive-behavioral models in favour of what supporters call a "sociopolitical model" and San Jose therapist Eric Towle calls a "radical feminist re-education camp," where battery is equated with masculinity. The goal of sociopolitical therapy is to "challenge sexist expectations and controlling behaviours that often inhibit men and motivate them to learn to apply newly learned skills in a consistently non-controlling manner." Intervention deals with sexist expectations and attitudes. Share experience of being in New York Mens Battery Project.
A sense of redeeming seeing it in a new way deeming something in the past to be a certain way by shedding new light and bringing this issue into a new awareness. Rogers( 1959: 198) said, Awareness is thus seen as a symbolic representation … of some portion of our experience. He suggests that we should bring our experience into awareness and that it becomes a symbolising process. I am aware at times I have not been ready to hear or understand something , it s as if I wasn’t in the right space of awareness to absorb what I was learning.
Without this vision I see a society becoming more at war with itself and on a relentless quest to satisfy the individual desire.
The criminal brain. Feelings of aggression seem to originate in the the limbic system of the brain shown here in green. In the field of neurocriminality Professor Adrian Raine a former prison psychologiuast has been investigating the subtle relationship between criminal behaviour, brains and environment for nearly 30 years now. They have conculded that murders especially those that kill in the heat of the moment are likely to have a poor functioning prefrontal cortex. This is the reasoning and and decision making section of the brain that helps to regulate impulse, including feelings of aggression rising from more primitive parts of the brain., The more psychopathic the person research has shown they have less emotional capacity in their moral decision making process. Raine wants to use the research in a preventative way with children. He has realised that children who lack fear are significantly more likely to have a criminal record. Fear helps to put the neurological breaks on aggressive behaviour. Fear protects us from our worst impulses as does our capacity to reflect on our behaviour and strong social networks. Damage to precortex area can cause there not be an emergency break on behaviour. Can we repair this damage. ? Omega 3 can reduce aggressive behaviour, this is critical for brain function, brain structure.
The use of relaxation techniques is usually aimed at reducing a client’s physiological arousal state. This would aim to dampen the sympathetic nervous system in situations of anger arousal. The use of relaxation techniques is well documented when working with anger. Suinn and Deffenbacher (1988) based their research on the theory that anxiety and anger are learnt driven behaviours. They believed that we could learn behaviours that eliminated drivers. This could be achieved by teaching clients to identify the internal signs both cognitively and physically. This sounded to me like preventative work and relied upon clients having the cognitive attention necessary to participate in their sixty minute relaxation and visualisation session. I have used relaxation and visualisation as a way of helping clients to notice and work with information stored in their body. At times I have noticed how clients get stuck in their mental state and feel detached from their feelings. By using a simple form of relaxation I have noticed how they find it easier to be with their emotional state and not react to the feelings that emerge. The work of Benson (1975) is often sighted as a pioneer in developing relaxation techniques that use four basic elements: Quiet environment, An object to dwell upon, passive attitude and a comfortable position. He recommends each day a basic meditation that combines these four elements.