MY SELF MANPREET SINGH ITS MY PROJECT WHICH NAME IS SOLAR CELL BASED UNIVERSAL INVERTER WITH AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT SYSTEM

1. TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF TABLES v
LIST OF FIGURES vii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim of the project 1
CHAPTER 2: RENEWABLE ENERGY 2
2.1 Renewable energy 2
2.2 Overview 3
CHAPTER 3: MAINSTREEM RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES 6
3.1 Mainstreem renewable technologies 6
3.1.1 Wind power 6
3.1.2 Hydropower 6
3.1.3 Solar energy 6
3.1.4 Solar panel 7
3.2 Theory and Construction 8
3.3 Working of solar panel 9
3.4 Solar applications 13

2. CHAPTER 4: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SOLAR YSTEM 15
4.1 Block diagram of solar system 15
4.2 Inverter 15
4.2.1 Main components 17
4.3 Resistor 19
4.3.1 Fixed resistor 20
4.3.2 A wire wound resistor 20
4.3.4 Coding of resisior 24
4.4 Capacitor 27
4.5 Energy storage 29
4.6 Heat sink 29
4.7 LED 30
4.7.1 LED material 30
4.8 Diode 32
4.8.1 Active component 32
4.8.2 Semiconductor diode 32
4.9. Zener diode 33
4.10 Advantage 33
4.11 Transformer 34
4.11.1 Current transformer 34
4.11.2 Potential transformer 35
4.11.3 Application 36
4.11.4 Basic principle 37
4.11.5 Ideal transformer 37

3. 4.12 Automatic street light system 41
4.12.1 12V-9V dc converter 42
4.12.2 IC LM 7809 43
4.13 Darkness detector 44
4.14 Component 45
4.14.1 Resistor 45
4.14.2 Capactor 46
4.14.3 LDR 46
4.14.4 IC 555 timer 46
CHAPTER 5: APPLICATION 48
CONCLUSION 49
FUTURE SCOPE 50
REFERENCES 51

4. LIST OF FIGURE
1. Wind renewable energy sources 3
2. Total world energy consumption by sources (2010) 3
3. Global renewable power capacity excluding hydro 4
4. Global public support for energy sources based on a survey IPSOS (2011) 5
5. Polycrystalline PV cell connected in a solar module 9
6. Electron and current flowin a solar cell 12
7. Block digram of solar system 16
8. Circuit digram of 100W inverter 17
9. ICCD 4047 BE 18
10. Pin digram of ICCD 4047BE 18
11. IRF 40 19
12. Symbol of IRF 40 19
13. Resistor with wire leads for through hole mounting 22
14. American style symbols 22
15. IEC style resistor symbol 23
16. A simple domonstration of a parallel plate capacitor 28
17. Heat sink 29
18. Three phase pole mounted step down transformer 35
22. Transformer of 12V-230V 36

5. 23.Ideal transformer with a source and a load Np and Ns are the turne in the
Primary and secondary winding respectivley 37
24.Ideal transformer and induction low 40
25. 12V – 9V DC converter 42
26. Circuit diagram of darkness detector 45