About the HMT Lmtd. and the tractor parts and assembly of tractor.

1. Name of Faculty Submitted by-:
Svabhiman Singh
Mr. Aromal T. Sir (131MC00230)
(THE ICFAI
UNIVERSITY
DEHRADUN)

2.  Abstract
Before we start we should says that how the tractor is
derived. In 1900 the machine i.e. tractor is known is
traction machine (pulling machine). After 1900 , both the
words joined by taking “tract” from tractor and “tor” from
the motor.

3. Acknowledgement
Firstly, I would like to thank Mr. Radha Raman (Training
incharge HMT Ltd.) for giving me a golden opportunity of
industrial, which would enhance my technical knowledge
and help me a lot besides some technical skills.
I also thanks my colleagues of their cooperation to learn the
various topic through useful discussion in the industrial class.

4. Preface
First of all I thanked the management of HMT Ltd., India,
that during my training . An opportunity was given to me to
impart my 4th semester training in his industrial organization
and gained knowledge on different topics of tractor.

5. Content
Sr. No. Name
1. Company profile
2. Foundry
3. Heavy Machine Shop(HMS)
4. Light Machine Shop (LMS)
5. Tool room &Cutting section
6. Internal Transport(Auxiliary)
7. Engine shop/New/E/Shop
8. Engine Assembly & Testing
9. Tractor Assembly
10. Painting Shop

6. 11. Heat- treatment
12. Production planning &Controlling(PPC)
13. Repair & Maintenance
14. Production planning & Tooling(PPT)

7.  Company Profile-: Hindustan Machine Tool(HMT) was
founded in 1953 at the Bangalore as a
single machine tool factory with the collaboration of
“Switzerland Company”.
• In1961-: The second machine tool unit was also set up in this
year at Bangalore in on companies own resources.
• In1963-: In this year 3rd machine tool unit was set up at
“Pinjore, Haryana” to produce milling machines.
After some time machine too unit were set up at “Kerla and
Hyderabad”.

8. •In 1971-: In this year HMT starts the tractor business in
pinjore in technical collaboration with “M/s
Motokov, foreign trade cooperation.
In beginnings HMT starts the manufacture of 25HP tractor.
After few years, it has developed tractors 35HP, 40HP,
50HP, 65HP and 75HP.
• In 1973-: In this year Hyderabad unit begins to manufacture
the lamps making machines and lamps.
•In 1988-: In this year HMT took over Praga tools limited.
Praga tools limited was established in May,1943.

9. About Pinjore Unit-: The pinjore unit was established as
3rdmachine tools factory in 1963.
“Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (1st prime minister of India)
inaugurated it on Oct 28 , 1963.
(1) Foundry Shop-: In foundry shop we makes the tractor
parts by using the wood patterns and
aluminum patterns.
• Products of Foundry shop-: Portal, Rear axle housing, Gear
Box housing, Main tarnsmission
housing, Front weight and all the tractors part.

10. We makes the gear box housing according to tractor
modles-
1. HMT2522
2. HMT3522
3. HMT 4022
4. HMT5022
5. HMT6522
6. HMT7522
 There are some sections that we used to make the tractor
parts-:
(i) Core making section
(a) Shell core machine(Germany) L
(b) Shell core machine (India) E

11. (ii) Core filling section
(iii) Moulding section
(iv) Fettling section
(v) Furnace section(1400̊ C-1450̊C)-:
(a) Decoring
(b) Chipping
(c) Shot blasting (for heavy parts)
(d) Wheel abrasion(for small parts)
(vi) Inspection section
 Process-: Core is baked with the help of shell core machine,
which has a box containing the rigid coated sand.
When we allowed to operate then the sand box moves
from down word to up word and the sand falls in die(die
is used to according the core required).

12. (2) Heavy Machine Shop-: Mostly in this shop we makes
the heavyparts of the tractor
such as “gear box housing” and “main transmission
housing” and also some other parts(i.e. break drum
cover, front wheel hub etc.).
 Types of machine present in HMS-:
(i) Radial drilling machine
(ii) Horizontal milling machine
(iii) Vertical milling machine
(iv) Boring machine
(v) Threaded machine

13. (a) Gear box-: Gear box is a part of tractor which is mount
between the engine and main transmission
housing. In the gear power comes from engine to clutch
shaft.

14. (b) Main transmission housing-: The main transmission
housing which transmits
the power to the differential cage which comes from the
gear box.
The various types of operation carried out on the MT
housing and Gear box housing-:
(i) Marking
(ii) Face milling

15. (iii) Drilling
(iv) Boring
(v) Drilling
(vi) Finish boring
(vii) Tapping
(viii) Washing
(ix) Inspection

16. (3)Light Machine Shop-: As name shows all the light
parts of tractor such as lay shaft,
differential shaft, bevel pinion shaft, differential cages,
pivot, forke, sun wheel and star wheel, crown wheel etc.
 This is divided in to some sections-:
(i) Milling machine section
(ii) Gear hobbing machine section
(iii) Boring machine section
(iv) Gear teeth grinding machine section
(v) Gear saving section

17. (3) Tool room & Cutting Section-: Tool room and cutting
section is also a part
of “Light Machine Shop”.
(i) Tool room-: In the tool room we have learnt about the
some kind of machine-:
(a) Bench drilling machine
(b) Radial drilling machine
(c) Cylindrical grinding machine
(d) Horizontal milling machine
(e) Vertical milling machine

18. (ii) Cutting Section-: In the cutting section we does the
operation on blank jobs .
(4) Internal Transport (Auxiliary)-: Here auxiliary
means “help” so this
section provide the help to the other shops.
In this section we repair only the lifters machine (i.e.
cranes).
• There are 2 types of cranes that we used in the shops
(i) Monorail crane- This crane carries the jobs only in
the direction of left and right.

19. (ii) Zip crane
(5) (i)(Engine shop-: In engine shop there are
manufacturing of the entire
products which are being used in engine assembly and we
studied about the operations of these products-
• Products of these shop – Front cover, Rear cover,
Cam shaft, Connecting rod,
Intermediate gear(IG) pin, Front bearing cap, Rear
bearing cap, Center bearing cap, Rear axle housing,
Front axle, Tappet valve etc.

20. (ii)New engine shop-:In new engine shop two main types
of part of tractor engine are made one
is crank case of two cylinder, three cylinder, four cylinder
and second one is cylinder head.
(6) Engine assembly-:The engines of different models
are assembled and tested in this
shop and in this shop, whole of the engine is completed
and ready for the tractor assembly.
• There are some steps that involves in engine assembly-:
Step1-First of all, the crank housing is washed because so
much operation has done at this housing so the
washing is very important. After the washing the crank
housing is dried by the air jets

21. Step 2-: Now the cylinder liner (sleeve) is fitted in crank
housing, on liner we fit the cylinder head.
Step 3-: Now the crank housing is fixed on the trolley
then we fit the six gears i.e. (bottom gear, oil
gear, top mediator gear, crank shaft gear, cam shaft gear,
injection pump drive (IPD) gear) all the six gears are
connected with each gear, after that we fixed the front
cover and oil sump that contains the oil and there is a
breathe pipe which is attached with the top hole of the
front cover.
Step 4-: Now in this step we inserted the piston in
the cylinder liner and then inserted the crank shaft

22. after this we joined its big hole to the crank shaft with the
nut and bolt.
Lubricating gear pumps and oil filter assembled in this
step and cam shaft is also inserted in cam shaft hole which
is present in the crank housing.
Step 5-: After this fly wheel is fitted on the other end of
the crank housing. Inside the fly wheel pressure
plate and clutch is assembled with the housing.
Step 6-: Now the cylinder head is fixed on top of the
cylinder sleeve and then in cylinder head we put
the inlet valve and exhaust valve in inlet valve and exhaust
valve holes and also fit the exhaust pipe.

23. Step 7-: After fixing the cylinder head on the crank
housing, rocker arm, tapped and push rods and
assembly fitted for opening and closing of valves.
Step 8-: Now the engine is completed after assembled
the fuel filter, oil filter, fuel injection pump,
tappet valve, push rod, starting motor, dynamo, radiator
etc.
(7)Engine Testing-:In this testing we test the mainly
engine speed according to applying
the load, load capacity and how much time take to burn
100gm. oil.

24. (8) Tractor assembly-:In this shop we assembled the
whole tractor and the test, If
there is any fault in parts then we replace the parts there
respective shops i.e. (light machine shop and heavy
machine shop) etc.
 There are sections that we use to assemble the tractors -:
(i) Rear axle housing assembly of direct axle
(DX) tractors section
(ii) Rear axle housing assembly of floor axle
(FX) tractors section
(iii) Front axle assembly section
(iv) Gear box housing assembly section

25. (v) Differential assembly section
(vi) Main transmission housing assembly section
(vii) Mounting of the engine section
(ix) Other assemblies
(9) Painting Shop-: In this shop we paints the
Mudguards, Fuel tank, Bonnet and
Top cover of steering and electric meters.
 Before doing the paint on the painting parts we do
some primary process -: In this operation we use nine
tanks-:

26. (a) Degreasing (hot) tank
(b) Rinse tank-1
(c) Derasting (hot) tank
(d) Rinse-2
(e) Rinse-3
(f) Activation tank
(g) Phosphating tank
(h) Rinse-4
(i) Passviation tank
Painting-: (1) We wash the sheet metal with the normal
water.
(2)Now we send the sheet metal in moisture
absorb oven.

27. (3)Now we remove the dust particles with the air pressure.
(4)Now we clean the sheet metal with the help of tack
rag or regmall.
(5)Now we do the primer surface (coat) on the sheet
metal with the help of spray gun.
(6) For drying the spray we leave this sheet metal for
10-15 minutes.
(7)Then we do the first coat of paint (as we want the
colour) with the help of .
(8)For drying the first coated paint we send the sheet
metal in drying oven at the 145̊ to 150̊ for 45
minutes.
(9)Now we use the dry sand to remove the dust
particles from the sheet metal.

28. (10)Then we do the wet sanding (washing) form the
normal water on sheet metal.
(11) For absorb the moisture we send the sheet metal in
the drying oven.
(12)After this we remove dust particles from the sheet
metal with the help of tack rag.
(13)Now we are ready to give the finally paint on the
sheet metal, after giving the finally paint, we send
the sheet paint in the drying oven for 145̊ to 150̊.

29. (10) Heat-treatment- -: Heat treatment shop plays a
very important role in every
industry. In industry all the gears and shafts need to be
heat treated to desired strength and increase life of the
component. In the heat treatment Shop there are some
furnaces that we used are:
(a) Annealing
(b) Normalizing
(c) Quenching
(d) Tempering
(e) Case hardening
(f) Shot blasting

30. • Major component being heat-treated in the shop:-
Bull pin shaft
Input shaft
Drive shaft
Bull gear
Bevel gear
(11) Production planning & Controlling-: In this
section we makes the
plan for any shop and then makes control on that plan
and Also keep the maintenance of the shop.

31. (12) Repair & Maintenance-: In this section we repair
that machine whose we
used to makes the tractors (i.e. Computer Numeric
Control Machines, Electrical Machines, Lathe
Machines, Special Purpose Machines and General
Purpose Machines).
(13) Production planning& Tooling-:In this section
we provide the tools to the
operator for doing the operation on the jobs and we keep
the maintain of the tools.
Also we makes the plan for any shop.

32. Conclusion
The presentation name “TRACTOR DIVISION” is
successfully completed under the guidance of our
instructor Mr. Radha Raman Sir and our group member.