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高雄醫師會誌99期-醫學專欄~陳鴻昇-淺談不孕症的原因及治療
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高雄醫師會誌99期-醫學專欄~陳鴻昇-淺談不孕症的原因及治療
1.
淺談不孕症的原因及治療 淺談不孕症的原因及治療 有正常性關係的夫妻,在沒有避 孕的情況下,在一個月內懷孕 的機會約有 20-25%,在一年內懷孕的 機會約有 90%,二年內懷孕的機會約 有
95% ,所以說大多數的夫妻可以在 結婚後的一年內懷孕。不孕症的定義 便是指擁有正常性關係的夫妻,在沒 有避孕的情況下,一年內仍然無法順 利懷孕,依此定義,約有 8-10% 的夫 妻會有不孕症的問題。加上近年來, 由於晚婚、性觀念的開放增加骨盆腔 感染的機會,更大大增加不孕症的比 例。 不孕症可簡單分成兩種,若是從 來都沒有懷孕過,稱為原發性不孕症; 若是以前曾經懷孕過,後來因為任何 原因而造成不孕,則稱為次發性不孕 症。不孕症可能發生的原因很多,且 男女雙方都有可能,由女方造成的機 率約 30-40%,男方造成的機率約 10- 30%,由男女雙方共同造成的機率約 15-30%。故當不孕夫婦要接受檢查 時,應該夫婦一同前來門診求診,以 便可以得到完整之評估。在女性不孕 症檢查,醫師可由患者之基本資料, 加上詢問過去病史、懷孕史、月經週 期等問題,配合相關之抽血檢查,包 括 : 內分泌檢查、甲狀腺功能檢查、 泌乳激素檢查、卵巢功能檢查 ( 如 AMH),配合超音波、輸卵管攝影、 子宮鏡,以及腹腔鏡等相關之檢查, 來找出可能之原因。而男性不孕症檢 查,則可以先簡單安排精液檢查,必 要時可以轉診泌尿科接受進一步之檢 查或治療。詳細檢查是希望可以找出 不孕症之所有可能原因,以便針對相 關疾病擬訂治療計劃。 不孕症的治療,當然要針對實 際造成不孕的原因來計劃。最常見之 女性不孕症原因為排卵功能障礙, 我們可以給予排卵藥物,包括口服 clomid®, 或 是 排 卵 針 (rFSH 或 HMG 等 ),並以陰道超音波來評估濾泡的 發育來判斷排卵時間,必要時可以給 予 HCG 來誘發排卵,再請夫妻在排 卵時間同房來創造懷孕之機會。也可 以在排卵日進行人工授精,以提高懷 孕率。而針對反覆人工授精失敗,或 陳鴻昇醫師 高雄醫學大學附設醫院婦產部 159 醫 學 專 欄
2.
高雄醫師會誌 JOURNAL OF
KAOHSIUNG MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2018 VOL.26,NO.2 是輸卵管阻塞等患者,可以安排試管 嬰兒療程。若是有精蟲過少,則可以 採用試管嬰兒療程,合併“單精蟲卵 質內注射術”來治療。對於無精蟲之 夫妻,則可以採用睪丸切片取精,或 是捐贈精蟲的方式來進行試管嬰兒療 程。 近年來,由於人工生殖技術的進 步,已經可以讓許多困難的不孕症患 者能夠順利懷孕生子。但不論醫學技 術多麼進步,依台灣目前相關之生殖 法規,夫妻要懷孕,至少要擁有精子 或卵子 ( 缺少其中一項可以尋找捐贈 者 ),再加上健康之子宮 ( 因為代理 孕母在台灣並未合法 )。因此不論是 已婚或是未婚之婦女,若是計劃未來 能夠有生育之機會,在罹患婦科疾患 時,應積極治療,勿讓疾病惡化到無 法保存生育能力。若是結婚夫妻未能 在一年內懷孕,不論願不願意接受人 工生殖技術治療,都應積極尋求相關 之檢查,以免長年下來讓疾病惡化, 最後變成難以治療之困境。早期診 斷,趁年輕時治療,是提高懷孕機會 的重要因素,愈早治療,一定會得到 最好的治療效果。 107.1.29 本會參加衛生局舉辦「高雄市基層流感防疫門診全面守護」記者說明會 160 醫 學 專 欄
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