STEM program for Life Long Learning with an emphasis on the cold war, critical thinking exploring the sinking of the Soviet K129, US SSN Scorpion, and Cuban Missile Crisis
2. The Sixties
⢠JFK elected in 1960, assassinated 1963
⢠Berlin wall raised 1961
⢠Cuban Missile Crisis â Oct.1962
⢠Dasiy ad ââ64 election
⢠Vietnam war â
US Combat troops enter 1965
⢠Movements: Free Speech,
Womanâs Rights, Anti-war, Hippie
⢠Martin Luther King and RFK
assassinated,1968
⢠Beatles (1960-1970)
⢠Neil Armstrong steps on moon 21-July-1969
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5. Books
1. White, Michael & Polmar, Norman: Project Azorian; 2010
2. Sewell, Kenneth; Red Star Rogue; 2005
3. Sharp, David; The CIAâs Greatest Covert operation; 2012 (Principal)
4. Burleson, Clyde; The Jennifer Project; 1977
5. Collier, Wayne & Vamer, Roy; A Matter of Risk; 1978 (Principal)
6. Craven, John Pina; The Silent War; 2001 (Principal)
7. Sontag, Sherry & Drew, Christopher; Blind Manâs Bluff; 1998 (hard copy &
Paper back)
8. Reed, Craig; Red November; 2011 (ref. to Sanders Assoc.)
9. Offley, Ed; Scorpion Down; 2007 (hard copy, paper back)
10. Sewell, Kenneth; All Hands Down; 2008
11. Vyborny, Lee & Davis, Don; Dark Waters; (NR1) 2003
12. Dunham, Roger; Spy Sub; 1996 (Halibut, âViperfishâ)
13. Rule, Bruce; Why the USS Scorpion Was Lost; circa 2011
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6. Spies, Lies and Sunken Subs
Class 2
Delving Deep
âYe shall know the truth, and
the truth shall make you freeâ
(John 8, and CIA motto)
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
7. Azorian
âDocumentaryâ
⢠June 10, 1974 oval office tapes â final go/no
go on Glomar Explorer (what meeting when)
â (oops, Nixon flew to Austria that day!)
(Nixon Library visitor log
http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/virtuallibrary/documents/PDD/1974/080%20June%201974.pdf )
⢠Hammer on sub in video
⢠Bell transferred to Soviets
⢠9,000 vs 22,000 pictures from Halibut
⢠Redaction in log entry of âBel Hudsonâ?
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10. Subs
⢠âBoomersâ (Missile subs) are for strategic âMADâ defense
⢠Attack subs, and some others, are spy subs â they can attack
shipping (WWI, WWII), or other subs; but also offshore
monitoring of radio signals; wiretapping of undersea cables,
photographing opponents latest devices â like subs
â even in the opponents harbors.
⢠Most sub activities are secret â
30 year gag rule is normal
some are more secret
⢠Subs can land SEALS, spies, et al â and extract them
⢠Most subs have a ~1000 ft limit; special systems like NR-1 may
go deeper; and of course Trieste, Alvin, et al can do this
⢠The majority of the ocean is between 2000 & 20000 ft deep
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11. The Context
1967 Dec. â John Walker starts selling US
Navy info to Soviets, starting with Codes
used to communicate to/from US Subs
(caught 1985)
1968 Jan 23â USS Pueblo (& KW-7)
captured by North Korea (/Soviets)
1968 Mar. 11 1200Z â
Soviet Sub K129 Sinks in North Pacific
1968 May 22 â US Sub Scorpion Sinks
in the Atlantic
1968 Summer â USS Halibut locates
& photographs K129
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12. K 129
1968 Mar. 11 1200Z â Soviet Sub K129 Sinks
in North Pacific (local midnight)
1968 Summer â USS Halibut locates & photographs K129
(âRed Septemberâ designation by CIA)
1969 Apr. â Project initiated to recover key parts of K129
1972 â Glomar Explorer Launched â
CIA project under
Hughes Summa Corporation cover:
âMining Manganese Nodulesâ
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17. A Cover Story
⢠âFor the first two hours, Itoâs detailed monologue described
the Hughes empire and Summaâs plans for undersea miningâŚâ
⢠âNext came an hour on the organizational structure of the
independent drilling company, Global MarineâŚâ
⢠âWhat youâve heard about our plans in the last three hours is
a complete lie ⌠We are going to recover a sunken Russian
submarine and you are working for the CIAâ
Wayne Collier, Summa HR manager [5]
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19. http://is.gd/7KYNYU
Dated June 1974
(xfer of ship to Hughes)
With misleading return
address
Coin not mentioned in
any of the Azorian books
to the best of my
knowledge
21. Glomar Explorer
1972 â Glomar Explorer Launched â
CIA project
Hughes Summa Corporation cover:
âMining Manganese Nodulesâ
1974 Aug â Part of K129 recovered from
16,500 Ft below ocean
(July 10 â Aug 9)
(Nixon resigned Aug 8)
30 years of limited revelations about
these events â 1975 News break;
2001 -2012 series of related books
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23. âCaptain, you are very young and inexperienced,
but you will learn that there are some things
that both sides have agreed not to address,
and one is that event [USS Scorpion] and our
K-129 loss, for similar reasons.â
Soviet Admiral Navoytsev to
US Capt. Peter Huchthausen in 1987 [9]
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24. Assignment
⢠Read one of the books
â What happened to the K129/Scorpion?
â What was it doing at the time?
⢠Does this seem believable?
⢠For given "facts", how solid are they?
Which are clearly well founded, which need confirmation?
⢠How might you confirm specific information?
⢠Are there obvious flaws in the source that might indicate other errors as well?
(Note: spelling, grammar, and such all affect perception and credibility)
⢠What experience does the author/source have that might add credibility?
⢠What interest might the author/source have that might undermine credibility?
⢠How would the author/source "know" that?
⢠Is the author holding back information or misleading in some area and
acknowledging it?
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
26. Big Questions
⢠What are the questions we have?
⢠What related information would help us sort
things out?
⢠What do we seem to know?
⢠Do we believe it?
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27. The Big Question
Why did K129 sink?
âThe CIA will not permit me to publish any information I have relating to the
cause of the loss. However, I can state that I find inconsistencies between
every one of the hypotheses that have been presented by AZSORIAN authors
and my own personal knowledge of the targetâs condition and its contents.
None of the proposed scenarios convincingly explain all of the existing data
and facts relevant to the loss of the K-129â
âI donât know what caused the loss of the K-129, but I believe there is a fairly
strong likelihood that the truth, if exposed, could still be embarrassing to the
governments of the United States and the Russian Federation. The list of
people who actually know the cause of the K-129âs loss is very small â and
that list is getting smaller every year. I suspect if I knew the truth, I would
choose not to publish it.â
David Sharp, CIA Mission Director of Recovery Systems [3]
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28. SOSUS, AFTAC
⢠AFTAC info (from Project Azorian)
⢠Test explosions on June 9th to validate/calibrate
⢠Note: Soviet Subs work on Moscow Time this is 4PM
Station 1st Event 2nd Event
Midway 12:14:30 12:20:28
Adak (SOSUS) 12:18:56 12:24.55
Wake 12:30:12 12:36:10
Hawaii 12:33:22 12:39:20
Eniwetok 12:40:30 na
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30. Stories
⢠USS Swordfish collided with K129 (Soviet assertion)
⢠USS Scorpion was sunk by Soviets in revenge for K129
⢠K129 went rogue and was trying to launch an attack on Hawaii
perhaps as if they were a Chinese sub
⢠Trieste II recovered an (outer space) alien from the K129 site in 1972
⢠K129 materials provided to Soviets and China resulted in significant
changes in relations between the US and these countries
⢠Glomar Explorer got more than reported front 20% of K129
⢠The âGlomar Responseâ â Freedom of Information Act response by
CIA âWe cannot confirm or deny that we have any records relevant
to ⌠but if we did they would be classifiedâ (upheld in 1976)
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31. What might you hear?
Bayesian search theory used by Craven to
identify area for Scorpion
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
32. Toys & Tools
⢠USS Halibut â
reconfigured for
special ops
⢠Trieste II â Deep with
devices for retrieval
⢠NR1
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
37. Possible NR2
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
Youtube video asserts
this US mini-sub was
fireing a laser at
Somali pirates circa
2011
Screen shot has many
problems for a ârealâ
picture
Ship appears to be
190 ft long or so
Rand report on NR2 is publicly available
Implication is that it was not built
38. Different Data
⢠11 plus non-crew were on K129 (typically KGB or GRU?)
⢠US satellite detected a missile fuel explosion [2] on surface
⢠U. Hawaii research vessel Teritu located radioactive oil slick off
leeward islands [8, 2]
⢠Body near sub in Halibut pictures was wearing outdoor gear â
implies sub on surface at time of explosion
[8, 6, 2, but variations in other books]
⢠K129 could launch R-21 missiles underwater, while moving, with a
range of 900+ miles (1700 w/lighter load?)
⢠Chinese subs could launch R-13 Missiles, Thought to be
Surface Launch
at defined longitude/latitude points
while stationary
with a range of 350 miles
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
39. Spies, Lies and Sunken Subs
Getting to the bottom
(It is not always a good idea)
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
41. The Collision Assertion
⢠If the USS Swordfish hit K129, why did it go to Japan for repairs rather
than Hawaii?
⢠Conflicting stories of âentering Yokosuka harbor with veiled damageâ
vs simply a bent periscope -- & picture in Asahi newspaper from March
17, 1968
⢠Boat logs provided to Soviets show sub in N. Japan Sea
and that it surfaced under unexpected ice flow
⢠This is âstillâ the perspective of key Soviet military persons
and Soviets may have decoded radio signals from the Swordfish
⢠Subs collide
â Nov 1969 K19 collides with USS Gato
â June 1970 K108 collides with SSN-639 Tautog
â Feb 1992 K276 (SSN) hit by SSN 698 Baton Rouge âTailing to closeâ
â Mar 1993 K407 (SSBN) hit by SSN 646 Grailing âpassing in frontâ
â Aug 2000 Kursk sunk, indications that SSN- Memphis may have struck Kursk
Why might US or Soviets lie about this situation?
What information would we need to sort it out?
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
42. The Accident
If K129 had an onboard mishap, resulting in a fuel explosion of
one or two of the missiles, it could sink the boat.
Clearly the US would cover up information until all chance of
recovery and possible recovery had passed --- but why be
concerned after that?
While the Soviets would be embarrassed â clearly they lost the
sub in any case; why cover up or refuse to acknowledge an
accident? â They have admitted other sub accidents.
What information would support/or discount this theory?
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
43. Rogue Attack
Suggested by Craven, thesis for Sewell
âPublishedâ Position of sub â 40n 180w appears too far for R21
missiles to reach Hawaii (but Midway?)
Was status/location consistent with emulating Chinese attack?
(surface, long/lat, distance?)
How does this theory align with the Russian and US agreement
to remain silent?
âBut the secret hiding within the secret â the motivations of that
Soviet captain and his crew â had remained in tact and that,
ironically, is the secret that ought to be reveledâ J Craven
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44. 3-Way Cold War
1968 Nov. â Nixon Elected
President
high Sino-Soviet Tension
1969 Apr. â Project initiated to
recover key parts of K129 (crypto,
missiles, torpedoes, code books)
1969 Nov â SALT I Strategic Arms
Limitation Talks Start
1971/72 â Kissinger, Nixon trips to
China 1969 â Border fights
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47. Critical Thinking
⢠We know many of the things being said are not
correct
â Loose Lips Sink Ships
â Great hooks to sell books
â Governments hiding secrets/ embarrassments
â Censorship of (or by) knowledgeable authors
⢠So what tools do we have to sift the facts from
the noise? What are they missing pieces? What
questions might we ask and/or research to
resolve key points?
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
48. Some observations
⢠Soviet decode(?) of KW-7 might have disclosed a US sub collision in âreal timeâ â from Swordfish or
other sub
⢠Russia knows what is at 40n 180w by now (has submersibles, etc.)
⢠Actual site has âlegsâ from Clementine (Claw), and residual sub
⢠Thousands of pictures of K129 exist, most still restricted (Halibut in 68 âVelvet Fistâ, Operation Sand
Dollar, Trieste II?, returns of Halibut, et al; Glomar 2, Glomar Explorer, ----post 1974???)
⢠Craven given the Distinguished Civilian Service Award (DoDâs highest),
âI have never seen the citationâ
⢠Key Craven assertion â US strategy in many cases has been to convince the Soviet leader that he
was not in control of his armed forces & recovery was intended to be âin Soviet viewâ
⢠Sewell suggests data was given to both Soviets and China
â facilitating improved relations with each
⢠Howard Hughes was likely a major campaign contributor to Nixonâs Election
a half billion dollar project directed his way may have had political vs military incentives
⢠Robert Ballard visited Scorpion site in 1985 along with the discovery of the Titanic
in NR-1 (a dual purpose operation)
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49. Resources
1. White, Michael & Polmar, Norman: Project Azorian; 2010 book & PBS show
2. Sewell, Kenneth; Red Star Rogue; 2005
3. Sharp, David; The CIAâs Greatest Covert operation; 2012 (Principal)
Appendix A: Perception Management and Disinformation
4. Burleson, Clyde; The Jennifer Project; 1977
5. Collier, Wayne & Vamer, Roy; A Matter of Risk; 1978 (Principal)
6. Craven, John Pina; The Silent War; 2001 (Principal)
7. Sontag, Sherry & Drew, Christopher; Blind Manâs Bluff; 1998
8. Reed, Craig; Red November; 2011 (ref. to Sanders Assoc.)
9. Offley, Ed; Scorpion Down; 2007
10. Sewell, Kenneth; All Hands Down; 2008
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52. Flash back to 1962
⢠1960 Dec.- Soviets start using burst sub transmissions
⢠1961 US SOSUS network established UK to Iceland
⢠1962 May â Polaris missile launch success
⢠1962 Fall â Soviet Union installs nuclear missiles in Cuba
⢠4 Soviet Diesel subs, each with one nuclear torpedo, approach
Cuba â in theory to start sub base there
⢠1962 Oct 25 â Sanders suggests simulated burst transmissions
⢠1962 Oct. US Blockade â brinksmanship situation
â Soviet ships turn back
â All four Soviet Subs forced to surface & retreat (one pulled a fast escape)
â All four subs seriously considered firing their nuclear torpedoes
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
53. Oct 1
4 Foxtrots to Cuba
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
With Nuclear Torpedoes â 2 âspecial weaponsâ each
54. The Burst Problem
Short â difficult to detect, but could once nature
was identified
Encoded â hard to analyze
Short â limited time to âtriangulateâ => 10 Mile
But ⌠Saunders Associate Nashua contribution
Send a similar signal from a known ship near
the sub -- & correct for variations
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
56. ⢠Oct 24, 1962 US directive to Soviets:
â Will drop 4-5 harmless explosives
â Subs should surface on Easterly course
⢠Soviet Sub commanders didnât get âthe memoâ
⢠Red November (Reed) suggests that all four
considered firing nuclear torpedoes
⢠âMan who saved the worldâ suggests at least one
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
57. 1 minute to
midnight
Soviet sub B-59,
commanded by
Valentin Savitsky
October 27, 1962
âOkâ from Political
Officer
Blocked by Deputy
Brigade
Commander
Archipov
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59. Post mortum
⢠1963 June 20 -- Red phone agreement â
US/Soviet leaders
⢠1964 Khrushchev leaves office
⢠1964 first China nuclear device test
⢠2001 March - meeting of principles in Havana
disclosed that tactical and some medium
range nukes could/would have been used
(McNamara, Castro, Soviet folks, etc.)
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
60. Resources
â http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB75/
Subs of October (GWU National Security Archive)
â PBS âThe Man Who Saved the Worldâ 2012
â http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB399/
Update 2012
â McNamara World Affairs Council on FORATV
⢠http://fora.tv/2005/03/09/Robert_McNamara
⢠Fog of War video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afVzS742enE
â Peter Huchthausen, October Fury; New York: John
Wiley & Sons. Inc., 2002
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61. Parental warning
"Knowledge-Based Education â We oppose the teaching of
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) (values clarification),
critical thinking skills and similar programs that are simply a
relabeling of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) (mastery
learning) which focus on behavior modification and have the
purpose of challenging the studentâs fixed beliefs and
undermining parental authorityâ
A Texas political party platform point for 2012
Source: Scientific American, p. 71; Nov. 2012
Warning: This program is intended to challenge
fixed beliefs and develop critical thinking
http://is.gd/7KYNYU
Editor's Notes
~ 200 persons died trying to get over the wall 1961-1989 Daisy Ad: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDTBnsqxZ3k
Typical sub limit 1000ft; NR-1 3,000 ft; Soviet Titanium Hull subs 5,000 ft (Craven; p. 107) DSRV min 3,000 â âactual depth is still classifiedâ âŚ. (note 5,000+ ft Soviet expectation, and 20K âruleâ) â⌠advanced deep submergence vehicles produced by the DSSP â Trieste II (must be a 20K diving machine), NR-1, and the intelligence submarines â Also from Craven: the Finnish Mir submersibles (film Titanic) âare said to be the most advanced deep submergence vehicles in existenceâ Seals can dive circa 600 ft. â Craven doing project to âplace and unprotected human as a free swimmer in the ocean to depths greater than 1000 ft.â (p143) â French have publicized dives to 3,000 ft (p. 153) The Abyss (movie) liquid diving model has a problem ⌠O2 is ok for virtually any depth; but no way to plurge CO2 2 and 20 rule (Craven, p 152) â 2000 ft covers the worlds continental shelves; 20,000 provides access to almost all of the deep ocean.
From Project Azorian book
Re: Blind Manâs Bluffâs sources per R. Craven âthey personally believe that the time is ripe for the public to know, or they had been officially encouraged to do so with a sufficient amount of obfuscating disinformation.â p199 Craven lead the Navy investigations and searches for both K129 and Scorpion
Miles to âAzorianâ site: Hawaii â 1835.132 Eniwetok â 2236.718 Wake â 1635.941 Midway â 830.189 Adak â 806.531
Seacliff built in 1968 with depth of 6500 ft; rebuilt in 1984 with depth of 20,000 ft. --- note, as a DSRV â rescue vehicle it could piggyback on a sub, not just a surface ship, with underwater attach and release â stealth operations!
Craven, P203 on Scorpion â Kelly was aware of super-secret hydrophone installations in the hands of another government agency âŚ
Craven P204+ reports K129 track Taking latitude 65n and going east over the international date line (not 40!) expected boomer route (explains Soviet search in the 60âs) If itâs mission was as we suspect, it would take a great circle route and cross the date line at 45n â the Russians were searching along this line â the great circle route to the date line and much furtherâ Then Craven asserts the 40n180 spot Which is ânot where it was supposed to beâ (since Soviets looking elsewhere) â ..a high probability that the sub had gone rogueâ â The Soviets would have no idea that their ship was a rogue unless we told themâ (p207) Explosion on the surface p210; p212 â dead in water, on surface with hatches open Numbers on sail of K129 clearly visible (but classified?) The CIA referred to Cravenâs Halibut search for K129 as âthe hunt for Red Septemberâ Two warheads missing one obviously torn from itâs missile (p216) The probability that a detonation of high-energy explosive in the warhead was the cause of damageâŚâ â I conducted a Bayes subjective probability assessment and concluded there was a small probablility that the Russian submarine .. could have reached Hawaii with a nuclear warhead.â LBJ didnât want to hear this analysis; Nixon and Kissinger did â Nixon awarded the Halibut the Presidential Unit Citation (first peacetime) in undisclosed trip to Hawaii.
Craven discloses U. Hawaii discovery of radioactive oil slick (p216) Sites: 40/180 â Craven, CIA, Azorian, 25N,167â Red Star Rogue 30N 165W, A Matter of Risk â 1978 === 25N, 170w â destination per Bruce Ruleâs Book
Ethics question: You are sitting on a high level committee chartered to analyze a situation and make recommendations. After some work, a high level official instructs you âYour report is to match the conclusions already reached by the executive office, which is. âŚâ What is your appropriate ethical response? What if the mandated conclusion is intended to cover up executive biases or errors? What if it is intended to protect national security? What if it may cause harm to persons or property? What if it may cause economic harm? Based on real world example of instruction given to the Wakelin presidential commission on the government relationship to the ocean and ocean activities. Directed conclusion was âThe oceans are not of commercial importance to the Unites States.â source: John Pina Craven, member of said committee, and former Chief Scientist for the US Navy Special Projects Office, in his book âThe Silent Warâ pg 249 (end of chapter 17)
William Reed observation that the improved Boresight (from Sanders input Oct 25) helped to corner the Soviet subs, but also force them to make critical decisions about firing their nuclear torpedoes ⌠only in 1995 did the US confirm the torpedoes were nukes. Craig Reed interviewed principals involved with soviet subs: Ryurik Ketov, B4 Cmdr â also published paper AF Dubivko, B36 Cmdr (also Anatoliy Andreeve, and Vladlen Naumov from B36)- unpublished memoir Victor Frolov B130 Exec Officer [Captain Shumkov] B 59 (no interview with principal?) [Capt. Savitsky] [rules of engagement â if pressure hull ruptured by enemy action or orders from Moscow p71] US Polaris subs (6) leave Holy Loch Scotland, Oct 16 th ; 2 from other ports, 16 missiles each 161 Planes (B52s and B47s) with Nukes in rotation and disbursed to remote fields
deployed from the Kola peninsula northwest of Murmansk on October 1, 1962, bound for Mariel port in Cuba
The posting also includes the U.S. Navy message on October 24, 1962, detailing the "Submarine Surfacing and Identification Procedures" to be followed by U.S. forces enforcing the quarantine of Cuba, including dropping "four or five harmless explosive sound signals" after which "Submerged submarines, on hearing this signal, should surface on Easterly course." The State Department communicated this procedure to "other Governments" including the Soviet Foreign Ministry, but the Soviet submarine commanders, in a series of interviews in recent years, report they never received the message.Oct
 Captain Valentin Savitsky, unable to establish communications with Moscow, "became furious" and ordered the nuclear torpedo to be assembled for battle readiness. Savitsky roared "We're going to blast them now! We will die, but we will sink them all." Deputy brigade commander Second Captain Vasili Archipov calmed Savitsky down and they made the decision to surface the submarine Another submarine, B-88, left a base at Kamchatka peninsula, on 28 October, with orders to sail to Pearl Harbor and attack the base if the crisis over Cuba escalated into U.S.-Soviet war. Commanded by Captain Konstatine Kireev, B-88 arrived near Pearl Harbor on 10 November and patrolled the area until 14 November when it received orders to return to base, orders that were rescinded that same day, a sign that Moscow believed that the crisis was not over. B-88 did not return to Kamchatka under the very end of December
Craven was asked to serve on the Defense Intelligence Agency Scientific Advisory Board but Sen. Brooke was requested to verify his âpolitical correctnessâ. Then asked to serve on the Nixonâs presidential (Wakelin) commission to look at the governments relationship with the ocean and ocean activities (1969) â conduct our study for the good of the nation without restraintâ Then Haldeman or Ehrlichman informed the committee âreport to match conclusions of the executive officeâ ===================================== Full Texas (Republican) party statement: â Knowledge-Based Education â We oppose the teaching of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) (values clarification), critical thinking skills and similar programs that are simply a relabeling of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) (mastery learning) which focus on behavior modification and have the purpose of challenging the studentâs fixed beliefs and undermining parental authority. â http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/post/texas-gop-rejects-critical-thinking-skills-really/2012/07/08/gJQAHNpFXW_blog.html http://s3.amazonaws.com/texasgop_pre/assets/original/2012Platform_Final.pdf