DESIGNANDSAFETY 
CARUYCARUIANDS 
AFETYCARUIDESIGN 
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ARUSIGNANDSAFET 
YCARUINDSAFETYC 
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THANKS TO OUR VETERANS. 
WE APPRECIATE YOUR 
SERVICE.
MAKE SURE TO GET 
YOUR VETERANS 
DAY CAMOUFLAGE 
ICE CREAM FROM 
BASKIN ROBINS 
TODAY.
THANKS 
FOR 
COMING. 
I’M EXCITED 
TO BE HERE.
HI. I’M JAKE 
ZUKOWSKI. 
I AM AN 
ASSOCIATE 
CREATIVE 
DIRECTOR 
AT FROG.
7 
FROG’S HISTORY IS BUILT ON 
40+ YEARS OF INNOVATION
FROG ISN’T AN AUTOMOTIVE-DESIGN 
FIRM …
motorcycle concept Voice command and haptic navigation concept Mobile devices for the car 
BUT WE LOVE 
TO INNOVATE. 
recharging station design In-dash digital automotive experience design Rich social mobile design
MY APOLOGY IN ADVANCE: 
MY JOB IS TO PROVOKE 
AND SOLVE
AND MAKE 
PEOPLE SMILE. 
11
WE’VE BEEN DRIVING FOR 
DECADES NOW. 
HOW DO WE GET PEOPLE TO 
SMILE ONCE AGAIN?
THE HISTORY OF HMI 
Analog 
digital 
web 
phone 
tablet 
TV 
gaming 
consoles 
automotive hmi
Analog 
digital 
web 
phone 
tablet 
TV 
gaming 
consoles 
automotive hmi
THE BIG IDEA: 
PUT AN IPAD IN IT!
TESLA 
MODEL S
TEGRA CAR 
INSTRUMENT 
PANEL 
PERSONAL 
INFOTAINMENT 
ASSISTANT 
CONCEPT
MYFORD 
TOUCH
CARHOME 
ULTRA 
UNLOCKER
CAR HMI 
STARTS 
TO LOOK 
LIKE 
FINAL 
FANTASY 
XV
HOW IN THE WORLD DID WE 
GET HERE?
immersive, 
full attention 
Analog 
digital 
web 
phone 
tablet 
TV 
gaming 
consoles 
automotive hmi 
immersive, 
full attention*
AUTOMOTIVE DIGITAL 
DESIGN IS IN ITS 
AWKWARD 
TEENAGE 
YEARS
acura 
Analog 
digital 
web 
phone 
tablet 
TV 
gaming 
consoles 
automotive hmi 
digital 
web 
phone 
tablet 
consoles 
Converged 
immersive, 
full attention 
immersive, 
full attention*
WHAT IS 
CONVERGENCE?
CONVERGENCE IS MELDING 
WHAT’S GREAT ABOUT 
DIGITAL WITH WHAT’S 
GREAT ABOUT THE CAR.
CONVERGENCE IS AN 
EXPRESSION OF A USER 
EXPERIENCE THAT IS 
GREATER THAN ITS PARTS.
CONVERGENCE IS 
INCORPORATING DIGITAL 
WHILE STILL HONORING THE 
CONTEXT OF DRIVING.
DRIVING IS …
DRIVING IS ENJOYABLE
DRIVING IS DANGEROUS
DRIVING IS VISCERAL
DRIVING IS INTENSIVE
HOW DO WE ACHIEVE 
CONVERGENCE?
PROVIDING FUNCTION 
WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY 
MAINTAINING SAFETY
HOW DO WE COMPEL 
SOMEONE TO KEEP THEIR 
PHONE IN THEIR 
POCKET…
WHILE MAKING 
AVAILABLE ALL THE 
FEATURES THEY DESIRE?
A CAUTIONARY TALE
IT’S NOT ABOUT 
ASKING 
CONSUMERS 
WHAT THEY 
WANT.
IT’S NOT ABOUT 
SOLVING 
PROBLEMS THAT 
DON’T EXIST.
SO, HOW DO WE BUILD 
EXPERIENCES THAT 
HONOR CONVERGENCE?
I WISH I HAD AN EASY 
ANSWER.
WHAT I DO HAVE ARE 
TRENDS AND LEARNINGS 
AND HOW TO DESIGN 
FOR THEM.
ONE: 
GETTING 
INPUT IS 
REALLY HARD
NOT LIKE 
THIS, 
PLEASE. 
THE DAKOTA 
PROJECT CAR
NOT LIKE THIS, 
EITHER. 
TESLA MODEL S
IF NOT KEYBOARDS, 
THEN IT MUST BE…
VOICE! 
NOTE: THIS IS A 2014 JAGUAR
SPEECH IS GROWING 
According to IMS Research, 55% of all new motor 
vehicles produced in 2019 will incorporate voice 
recognition, up from 37% in 2012. 
SPEECH HAS ISSUES 
Speech is not mature enough today to be seen 
as a completely viable alternative to more familiar 
text entry methods.
AAA RANKED CURRENT VOICE 
SYSTEMS ON A 5-POINT SCALE 
OF DISTRACTION FOR COMMON 
TASKS, WHERE LOWER SCORES 
MEANT LESS DISTRACTION.
THE RESULTS WEREN’T GREAT 
Listening to an 
audio book 
Honda 
Blue Link 
MyFord Touch 
Mercedes 
COMAND 
0 1 2 3 4 5 
Toyota Entune 
Chevrolet 
MyLink 
Chrysler 
Uconnect 
Listening 
to the 
radio 
Phone 
Call
THE MAJORITY OF SYSTEMS 
WERE FOUND TO BE INCREDIBLY 
DISTRACTING—MORE SO THAN 
HAVING A CONVERSATION ON 
A HANDHELD PHONE.
ACCORDING TO THE AP, TWO 
OF THE STUDY PARTICIPANTS 
REAR-ENDED ANOTHER CAR 
WHILE USING SIRI.
THE RESULTS WEREN’T GREAT 
Listening to an 
audio book 
Honda 
Blue Link 
MyFord Touch 
Mercedes 
COMAND 
0 1 2 3 4 5 
Toyota Entune 
Chevrolet 
MyLink 
Chrysler 
Uconnect 
Siri without 
CarPlay
LOOKS LIKE CARPLAY LEARNED 
ITS LESSONS FROM PREVIOUS 
DESIGNS.
THINGS TO LEARN FROM 
CARPLAY 
- Launching the Messages app assumes you 
are composing and not consuming. 
- Screens are laid out for function over form. 
- No distracting text on the screen. Ever. 
- No text to confirm the message you want 
to send. 
- No text when the message is read. 
- No preview text in the messages list view.
IF TYPING IN THE CAR IS 
A PROBLEM, GET THE 
DATA FROM ELSEWHERE.
TWO: 
FIND EASIER 
WAYS TO GET 
DATA
THE 
CLOUD 
WILL BE 
YOUR 
FRIEND
THINGS YOU CAN GET 
FOR VIRTUALLY NOTHING 
- Driver’s name 
- Driver’s social graph and pictures 
- Driver’s hometown 
- General affinities 
- Favorite sports teams 
- Frequented locations 
- Music tastes and preferences 
- Locale and currency
THREE: 
MAKE YOUR 
EXPERIENCE 
SLIPPY
IN MOBILE AND WEB, 
WE ARE TOLD TO MAKE 
OUR DESIGNS STICKY.
STICKINESS 
Web and mobile design is about encouraging the 
user to stay longer and reinforcing return visits. 
We can accomplish this through a number of ways: 
- Compelling content 
- Personalization of the app or website 
- Building communities 
- Adding games or challenges 
- Linking to other content
FOR THE CAR, YOU NEED 
TO MAKE THINGS SLIPPY. 
MAKE IT SCANNABLY 
BEAUTIFUL.
SLIPINESS 
Car design is about encouraging the user to 
forego attention as quickly as possible, spending 
as little time as possible to accomplish a task. 
- Clear understanding of context 
- Content created for glancing 
- Straightforward copy 
- Streamlining processes 
- Exposing all primary functionality
SLIPPY? 
IHEARTRADIO
SLIPPY? 
PANDORA
SLIPPY? 
CARPLAY MESSAGES
SLIPPY? 
PANDORA AGAIN
SLIPPY? 
THE WEATHER CHANNEL
FOUR: 
MAKE IT 
PERSONAL 
ONCE AGAIN
Just Kidding 
FUTURE OF PERSONALIZATION: 
CORNY DAD JOKES IN THE CAR!
BRINGING PERSONALIZATION 
AND PREFERENCE INTO THE CAR 
WITH YOUR PERSONAL DEVICES 
WILL BE THE NORM.
WHAT CAN YOU DO WITH 
PERSONALIZATION? 
- Storing and retrieving preferences 
- Remote features via an app interface 
- Choose music we all would like 
- Intelligently withhold information 
depending on who’s in the car with you
FIVE: 
ATTENTION IS 
GREATER 
THAN EYES
JUST BECAUSE YOU CAN 
SEE THROUGH YOUR 
SCREEN DOESN’T MAKE 
YOUR DEVICE SAFE.
LOOK AT 
HOW 
DISTRACTED 
HE IS IN 
HIS OWN 
VIDEO.
DON’T GIVE PEOPLE 
COMPLEX TASKS TO DO 
IN THE CAR.
WHAT CONSTITUTES A 
COMPLEX CAR TASK? 
- Reading an incoming text 
- Reviewing what the voice system caught of 
your speech, either in real-time or after-the- 
fact 
- Tweeting in the car 
- Posing for a selfie 
- Requiring ancillary decisions while on a 
phone call
AND NOW, A 
BRIEF, ANGRY RANT
SIX: 
YOU MADE 
EVERYTHING 
TOO SMALL
POP QUIZ!
QUESTION: 
WHAT IS THE OPTIMAL 
SIZE FOR TEXT DISPLAYED 
IN THE CAR? 
ANSWER: 
20 ARCMINUTES
THERE BE 
TRIG 
HERE.
YES, THE ANSWER “IT DEPENDS” 
COULD WORK 
The pixel size of text, icons, and other elements 
depends on you knowing four things. 
- Screen size 
- Screen resolution 
- Distance to screen 
- Visual angle
AN EXAMPLE 
Let’s say a digital screen in my car that is 800 
millimeters away from my eye on a 10.2” 
screen that displays at 1920x720. I want to 
have text at the NHTSA-recommended 20 
arcminutes. 
I would need 54-pixel type.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE 
Let’s say a projector’s cast is 10 meters away 
from the furthest attendee, projecting a 100” 
image that displays at 1920x1080. I want to 
have text at a bit smaller 16 arcminutes. 
I would need 60-pixel type.
SEVEN: 
WINDSHIELD 
AS ANOTHER 
DISPLAY
CARS COMMUNICATING OUTWARD: 
VEHICLES AS NETWORKED DEVICES 
IS FURTHER OFF. 
98
CARS COMMUNICATING INWARD: 
THE HUD HAS BEEN AROUND FOR 
A WHILE
NEAR-FUTURE TECHNOLOGY
FURTHER-FUTURE TECHNOLOGY
1: GETTING INPUT IS REALLY HARD 
2: FIND EASIER WAYS TO GET DATA 
3: MAKE YOUR EXPERIENCE SLIPPY 
4: MAKE IT PERSONAL ONCE AGAIN 
5: ATTENTION IS GREATER THAN EYES 
6: YOU MADE EVERYTHING TOO SMALL 
7: WINDSHIELD AS ANOTHER DISPLAY
THANK YOU 
@JAKEZ

UX in Automobiles: Balancing effective UI design & driver safety