This document discusses various techniques in operation research for project time management. It covers project time cost trade off which involves crashing activities to reduce project duration but increase costs. Project crashing reduces time by using additional resources. The time cost trade off procedure identifies critical activities and crashes them to their lowest times. Other techniques covered are resource allocation, leveling, and smoothing to optimize resource utilization over the project duration.

1. OPERATION RESEARCH
***PRESENTED BY***
Jacob John Panicker

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
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Project time cost trade off
Project crashing
Time cost trade off procedure
Resource allocation
Resource leveling
Resource smoothing

3. PROJECT TIME COST TRADE OFF
 Project time can be reduced by crashing
 Normal time reduced, budget increase
 Use additional resource to complete on time

4. PROJECT CRASHING
Crashing number of activities to reduce
duration of project
Cost increases more quickly when time is
reduced
Relationship between normal time and cost
and crash time and time is linear

6. TIME COST TRADE OFF PROCEDURE
1. Determine normal project completion time
and associated critical path
2. Identify critical activities and compute cost
slope
cost slope= crash cost - normal cost
crash time - normal time

7. 3. Identify and crash an activity time on critical
path
4. If the critical path is still critical, return to
step 3
5. Terminate the procedure after each critical
activity crashed to its lower possible time

8. RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Resources are:men, money, material, machinery etc..,
Network analysis PERT/CPM is carried out
using unlimited resources
Resources may not be uniform throughout the
project

9. RESOURCE LEVELLING
 Stabilize rate of resource utilization without
changing project duration
 Total float of non-critical activity
 Shift non-critical activity between earliest start
time and latest allowable time can lower
maximum resource requirement
i. Total float=free float can be scheduled between
earliest start and latest times
ii. Total float>free float starting time can be
delayed

10. RESOURCE SMOOTHING
Reduce peak demand for resources and
reallocate them and shortest duration
I. Calculate earliest start and latest finish
times, draw time scaled network
II. Draw resource histogram
III. Shift the start time of those non-critical
activities

11. CONCLUSION
I conclude by saying that to reduce the
time duration the cost of the project will be
increased. The crash point is the point beyond
which the time cannot be reduced nor the
cost can be increased.

12. THANK YOU