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COVID-19 백신의 정치
이화준
백신개발-백신공급
백신의
장애요소
• 시급성
• 성공의 불확실성
• 높은 비용
백신의
시급성 • 많은 임상단계의 생략
• 리스크 증가
• 국가행위자의 고민
백신개발 성공의
불확실성
• 신기술의 필요성
• ‘적절한 백신 완성품의 문제‘
• 백신 인프라의 문제
• 제약회사의 고민
높은 비용
• 개발과정에서의 막대한 비용
• 비용 측정의 문제
• 비용 확보의 문제
• 제약회사의 고민
불확실성과 비용의 문제
해결 모델 -1-
선투자-우선공급 모델
선투자- 모델
• 국가행위자와 제약회사의 선투자와 물량계약의 교환
• 전통적 모델
• 고위험 고이득
• 성공 시에 빠른 공급 가능
• 물량 분배의 문제
• 강대국에 유리
전통적 모델의 대안 필요
해결 모델 -2-
다자주의적 국제협력의 필요성 등장
다자주의적 국제협력 모델
• 백신개발 투자 기금 조성 및 극대화
• 민간 백신투자기금 모집 가능
• 백신개발 투자 분산
• 국제기구의 백신공급 관리 및 데이터 구축
• 백신 생산의 최적화 고려
• NGO-국제기구-국가-제약회사 모두 의사결정 참여
COVAX
Facility
• CEPI
• Gavi
• WHO
• EU
• France
다자주의 국제
협력 모델
• 국제기구 거버넌스
• NGO 참여 모델
• 위험의 분산
• 물량 분배의 수요적절성 고려
• 약소국에 유리
화이자
모더나
아스트로제네카
기존 백신
고려사항
• 백신의 성공률(항체생성)
• 필요인프라
• 가격
백신들의
공통점
• 시급성에 의한 임상 제한
• 알러지
• 노년 & 기저질환
• 기존 백신과 어느 정도 차별화되는 기술 기반
• 많은 연구비 투입
미국의 선택
• 감염률-치명률 ↑
• 동원 가능한 국가자원 ↑
• 선투자-선계약 모델
• 화이자 선택
• 모더나 고려
• 다자주의 국제협력 모델 배제
• FDA의 선택
다자기구에 대한
미국의 불신
한국의 선택
• 감염률-치명률 ↓
• 상대적으로 동원 가능한 국가자원 낮음
• 아스트로제네카 백신 높은 의존 선택
• 다자주의 국제협력 모델
• COVAX Facility 참여
• 선투자-선계약 모델 참여
• 계약 시점 늦음
• 보조적 수량
한국의 다자협력 선호
대부분의 국가행위자는
양 자 모두 고려
다만 선호경향은 존재
국가의
정책선택 변인
• 국가의 힘
• COVID-19 위협의 상대적 차이
• 다자기구의 대한 신뢰
추가 연구사항
정책 성과분석 국내정치 여론에 의한 정책환류 두 모델의 제도적 지속 평가

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Covid 19 백신의 정치