The document discusses the Magnoliophyta class which is divided into two subclasses: Magnoliopsida (dicots) and Liliopsida (monocots). It then provides details on the distinguishing characteristics of monocots and dicots as well as examples of plants from each group. The document also summarizes several plant families that fall under the Magnoliopsida class including Magnoliaceae, Annonaceae, Myristicaceae, and Lauraceae providing plant examples and uses from each family.

1. MAGNOLIOPHYTA
(ANGIOSPERMAE)

2. Terdiri atas 2 Kelas :
Magnoliopsida (Dycotiledoneae)
Liliopsida (Monocotyledoneae)
MONOCOTS DICOTS
Embryo with single cotyledon Embryo with two cotyledons
Pollen with single furrow or Pollen with three furrows or
pore pores
Flower parts in multiples of Flower parts in multiples of
three four or five
Major leaf veins parallel Major leaf veins reticulated
Stem vacular bundles Stem vascular bundles in a
scattered ring
Roots are adventitious Roots develop from radicle
Secondary growth often
y g
Secondary growth absent
present

5. Now let's have a test!
Is the Day Flower (Commelina communis)
shown a monocot or a dicot?

6. This is sort of tricky, but nature is full of tricky blossoms.
The leaves appear to have parallel veins, so there's a vote for "monocot."
However, this flower seems to have only two petals, and that doesn't fit either monocot or
dicot.
If you could examine the stamens you'd see that there are three with anthers and three
that are "sterile," or without anthers, so there's another vote for "monocot."
Well, fact is, it is a monocot.
The main proof is that actually there is a third petal, a much reduced, translucent one at
the flower's bottom, so there are also three petals. Therefore: Monocot.

7. The two large blue petal limbs and their claws
attaching them to the floral axis are visible; the
smaller lower white petal is mostly obscured; the
three yellow staminodes with central maroon spots
are above, the central fertile stamen with maroon
connective is below them, and the two brown lateral
fertile stamens and the curving style between them
are lowest; notice the contrasting veins on the spathe
surrounding the flower
two relatively large blue petals and one very reduced
white petal. 3 steril stamen
spathe,
spathe, a modified leaf.
The 2 upper petals are blue to indigo in colour while
colour,
the much smaller lower petal is white.
There are three anticous (i.e. on the lower part of the
flower) fertile stamens, and three posticous (i.e. on
stamens,
the upper part of the flower) infertile stamens termed
staminodes.
staminodes. The fertile stamens are dimorphic: the
dimorphic:
lateral pair have maroon to indigo anthers that
measure about 2 mm (0.8 in) long and are elliptic with
a sagittate (i.e. arrowhead-shaped) base. Their
arrowhead-
filaments are about 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) long.
10– (0.39–
The central fertile stamen has a yellow, elliptic anther
yellow 3 fertil stamen :
with a maroon connective and a hastate (i.e. dimorfik
spearhead-
spearhead-shaped, but with lobes at right angles)
base. The anther measures about 2.5 mm (0.1 in)
long while its filament is about 5–6 mm (0.2–0.24 in)
5– (0.2–
long.[4]
long.
long [4] The three staminodes are all alike with 1 pistil
i til
yellow, cruciform (i.e. cross-shaped) antherodes that
cross-
are about 2 mm (0.08 in) long on filaments about
3 mm (0.12 in) long.[3][4] Sometimes the antherodes
long.[3][4]
will have a central maroon spot.[3] Each antherode
spot.[3]
has two abortive lateral pollen sacks The ovary is
sacks.
ellipsoid, about 2 mm (0.08 in) long and has a style
that is about 1.3 cm (0.51 in) long

8. Kelas M
K l Magnoliopsida memiliki 6 anak kelas :
li id iliki k k l
1.Magnoliidae
1 M liid
2.Hamamelidae
2 Hamamelidae
3.Caryophyllidae
y p y
4.Dilleniidae
5.Rosidae
6.Asteridae

9. KELAS MAGNOLIOPSIDA
Terdiri atas 6 anak kelas
6
5
4
2
3
1
Dugaan hubungan evolusi anak-anak kelas Magnoliopsida

10. Anak kelas Magnoliidae
1. Bangsa MAGNOLIALES (10 suku)
g ( )
Pilihan suku didasarkan atas besarnya jumlah jenis, kepentingan
ekonominya dan adanya sifat-sifat yang istimewa
Suku MAGNOLIACEAE
Pohon, perdu
Daun tunggal, tersebar ada stipula
Perbungaan : umumnya tunggal
Bunga :
Bisex jarang unisex aktinomorf
Perigonium 6 – 18 dalam spiral atau
18,
lingkaran
Stamen ~, pistilum ~, tersusun spiral
pada kepanjangan dasar bunga
(torus). Magnolia
Ovarium superus, satu ruang/karpel grandiflora

11. Buah : folikulus (bumbung), baka (buni), samara kadang
agregat berupa kerucut mengkayu
Kepentingan ekonomi suku ini : beberapa jenisnya merupakan
p g p j y p
1. tanaman hias dengan bunga yang harum
2. ada yang merupakan penghasil kayu

12. Manglieta figo – cempaka ambon
M. glauca – manglit, kayu
Talauma
T l m candolii – cempaka gondok
d lii mp k d k

13. Michelia champaca – cempaka kuning
Kulit kayu : tonikum, penurun demam, M. alba – cempaka putih, kantil
pengharum,
pengharum anti kanker Daun,
Daun bunga : penurun demam
demam,
Daun, akar : peluruh cacing, urus-urus aromatikum, astringen, anti
Bunga : kosmetik kanker.
Kandungan kimia : minyak atsiri
atsiri, Kandungan kimia sama dengan
g g
alkaloid, fenol, asam benzoat M. champaca

14. Suku ANNONACEAE (Kenanga-kenangaan)
Pohon, perdu, liana
Daun tunggal, tersebar, tanpa
stipula
Bunga :
tunggal/infloresens simosa
Bisex j
Bi jarang unisex aktinimorf
i kti i f
Periantium 3 + 3 + 3, (3
lingkaran @ 3)
Satu atau 2 lingkaran l
S t t li k luar
sepaloid
Stamen ~, pistilum bbrp - ~,
Ovarium superus
Buah : baka (Annona – agregat)
Pohon buah, tanaman hias,
penghasil kayu

15. Contoh-contoh
Cananga odorata (kenanga)
The flower is greenish yellow (rarely pink), curly like a starfish and yields a highly
pink) starfish,
fragrant essential oil.
The main aromatic component of ylang-ylang is methyl anthranilate The essential oil of
ylang-ylang is used in aromatherapy. It is believed to relieve high blood pressure,
normalize sebum secretion f skin problems, and is considered to be an aphrodisiac
l for k l d d d h d

16. Annona muricata (sirsak)
• Daun : emetikum
D tik
• Daun & bunga : meredakan kejang
• Daun muda : jerawat
• Buah masak : sariawan penghalus kulit
sariawan,
• processed into ice creams, and drinks, but fiber-free varieties are often
eaten raw
• Biji/buah muda : astringen
• Kandungan kimia : protein, kalsium, fosfor, vitamin A & C
.

17. Custard AppleAnnona reticulata
(buah nona anon)
nona,
A. squamosa (sarikaya) Sugar-
Almost exclusively eaten fresh Custard apple's apple fruit
have an advantage over other Annona's in that
they tend to ripen slightly later in the year than Daun : scabies bisul
scabies,
their relatives, so during certain times of the
year, only custard apple's are available
Buah & biji muda : anti helmintik,
insektisida, diare, disentri,
Daun : bisul eksim
bisul, astringen
Kulit kayu : diare, disentri, cacing Akar : pencahar
Biji : diare, disentri Kandungan Kimia : resin, asam
Kandungan kimia : tannin alkaloid amino,anonain
,

18. Stelechocarpus burahol (burahol) :
Very rare and endangered tree from Southeast Asia. Fruit is borne
on the lower trunk and is said to have a spicy, mango-like flavor.
Ancient Indonesians believed that eating the fruit would cause body
secretions nafas, keringat, urine to take on a perfume scent.

19. Suku MYRISTICACEAE (Pala-palaan)
(Pala-
Pohon, jarang perdu, aromatis,
Mengandung myristicin (komponen
y
fenolik yang psikotrofik)
Unisex
Daun tunggal, tersebar tanpa
gg , p
stipula
Bunga :
rasemus/cymosa ♀,♂.
Periantium sepaloid, Unisex,
Bunga ♂ : stamen 2 - ~.
monadelfus
Bunga ♀ : carpel 1, stigma
sesil, ovul 1
Buah b i
B h : buni, memecah h
Biji berarilus, endosperm
berminyak

20. Horsfieldia glabra pengusir nyamuk obat bisul
glabra, nyamuk,
Myristica fatua (pala laki-
laki), kayu b h b
l ki) k bahan bangunan,
kulit kayu aprodisiak
Native to the Moluccas
islands. Smaller than nutmeg,
slands.
and not as fragrant, the
brazilian or false nutmeg is
sometimes used much like its
well k
ll known cousin.
i
Myristica fragrans nutmeg
The dried nuts are arils are used as
spices. There are a variety of
medicinal uses.

21. 2. Bangsa LAURALES
Suku LAURACEAE (Medang-medangan)
Pohon perdu (kecuali Cassytha
Pohon, Cassytha,
herba), aromatis (minyak, kayu)
Daun tunggal, tersebar tanpa
p
stipula (C
i l Cassytha : tereduksi)
h d k i)
Bunga :
Perbungaan panikula, rasemus,
P b p ik l m
spika, umbela
Ada hypanthium (floral tube
formed by the fusion of the
y
basal portions of sepals, petals
and stamens and from which
rest of floral parts emanate)
* (aktinomorf), bisex (kadang Cinnamomum burmanni (kayu manis),
unisex), perigonium sepaloid minyak atsiri dari kulit kayu, untuk
dalam 2 O (3 + 3) ramuan makanan dan jamu

22. Stamen 4 O, 3 O melekat pada tabung kaliks, 1 O dalam
staminodia (sterile stamen does not p
( produce pollen, variable
p
in structures, petallike), antera membuka dengan klep (2 – 4)
Ovarium superus, 1 karpel, 1 ruang, 1 ovul
Buah : baka/drupa
Biji tanpa endosperm
Terdiri
T di i > 30 marga, 2000 – 2500 j ijenis,
tropis/subtropics kebanyakan di Asia Tenggara
Contoh-
Contoh-contoh :
C. culilawan (lawang) Barks has a
( g)
mucilaginous, aromatic taste, and
a mixed odor of cinnamon,
sassafras, and cloves.
Eusideroxylon zwageri (kayu besi)
Actinodaphne spp.
Beilschmeidia spp.
Cryptocarya spp.
C
Phoebe spp.
Cinnamomum cassia (‘chinese cinnamon)

23. C. Zeylanicum flower
This cinnamon is used the same as the commercial C. zeylanicum
spice, having the smell and nearly the same flavor. It is an
attractive shrubby 35' tree with shiny ovate leaves. Aside from
its use as a spice this specie is also known for various medicinal
uses derived from its bark.

24. Litsea cubeba (lemo, May Chang) :
Litsea cubeba oil obtained from the small
pepper shaped fruits which resemble peppers.
The
Th scent of May Chang has been compared to
t f M Ch h b dt
lemongrass and lemon verbena.
Having Therapeutic properties
properties,
Integumentary system, Respiratory system,
Circulatory system, Nervous system
http://www.cherylsherbs.com/Essential_oil_
http://www cherylsherbs com/Essential oil
profile_litsea_cubeba.htm

25. Persea americana (alpokat)
Unripe avocados are said to be toxic.
Two resins derived from the skin of the fruit are toxic
Dopamine has been found in the leaves.
Consists of many varieties, not all varieties are equally toxic.
Craigmill et al. at Davis, California, have confirmed deleterious effects on lactating goats which
were allowed to graze on leaves of 'Anaheim' avocado an hour each day for 2 days. Milk was curdled
ll l
and not milkable, the animals ground their teeth, necks were swollen and they coughed,
Avocado seed extracts injected into guinea pigs have caused only a few days of hyperexcitability and
anorexia. At Davis, mice given 10 to 14 g of half-and-half normal ration and either fresh or dried
f h lf d h lf l d h f h d d
avocado seed died in 2 or 3 days, though one mouse given 4 times the dose of the others survived for
2 weeks.
The seed and the roots contain an antibiotic which prevents bacterial spoilage of food. It is
h d d h b h h b l l f f d
the subject of two United States patents.
The bark contains 3.5% of an essential oil which has an anise odor and is made up largely of methyl
chavicol with a little anethole.

26. Cinnamomum camphora (kamper)
p ( p )
native to China and Japan where it has been commercially used for its timber and essential oils for
hundreds of years
Camphor tree leaves are distinctively fragrant when crushed and ripe berries that are
consumed by some bird species.
y p
Camphor in large doses is toxic to humans.
It stimulates the central nervous system and may affect respiration or cause convulsions.
In Chinese medicine, camphor is forbidden for pregnant women and those with a deficiency of vital
energy or yin.
Camphor does not have serious predators or diseases outside its native range. Seedlings and root
sprouts are abundant near mature trees, but individual trees pop up far from seed sources.
The Plant Conservation Alliance lists this species as an Alien Invader and it is listed as a Category
I invasive exotic species by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, which means that it is known to
be "invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida."
Become weed in USA, Australia

27. Eusideroxylon zwageri (kayu besi)

28. Cassytha Cassytha (called love-vine in the Bahamas) bears an uncanny
resemblance to dodder (the genus Cuscuta) but is not related to it at all!
Cassytha i in L
C th is i Lauraceae, the same family as S
th f il Sassafras, avocado, and
f d d
cinnamon whereas dodder is in Convolvulaceae and is related to morning-
glory vines. If one looks closely at the flowers, love-vine is quite clearly a
member of Lauraceae
Lauraceae.

29. Ipomoea purpurea morning glory
Cuscuta is commonly used in long term tonic programs. It is a gentle tonic
for the Kidney Yin and Yang, and also helps nourish Chi. It helps the Kidney
to consolidate the Chi. It is widely used to improve vision, nourish the
sperm and marrow, strengthen bones and sinews and to strengthen sexual
d t th b d i d t t th l
functions.
Convolvulaceae

30. Suku HERNANDIACEAE (Kampis-kampisan)
Hernandia peltata, ‘jack in the
jack
box’
Kayu bahan bangunan, minyak
untuk lampu

31. Uses: is sometimes planted by seed to make a
windbreak. Its hard wood is used for firewood, as
building material, on canoes as parts for holding the
sail, to make handles for fans, and sometimes to
make the frame of a food grinder
grinder.
The fruit ("nut") is also occasionally used to make
handicrafts.
The leaves are used for medicinal baths
for children and adults, and parts of the
p
plant are sometimes used in a preparation
p p
to treat headaches.
Have been used as a traditional
medicine
for boils, cough, diarrhea, abdominal
pains, anticonvulsive treatment, eye
problems, and a number of other
Hernandia nymphaeifolia indications that appear to include
anticancer, antiviral, and antiparasite.

32. 3. Bangsa PIPERALES
Suku PIPERACEAE (sirih-sirihan)
(sirih sirihan)
Herba, perdu, pohon kecil, liana,
aromatis (minyak atsiri di
parenkim), alkaloid amina atau
aporfin atau dari kelompok piridin
Ikatan pembuluh dalam > 10 atau
p
tersebar, tapi ada kambium
intrafasikuler Piper nigrum (lada) – piperin
Daun tunggal, tersebar, urat daun
pinnatus/palmatus, ada stipula
i t / l t d ti l
Bunga :
Spika / rasemus
*,
* bi- atau unisexual, tanpa
l
periantium
Stamen 1 – 10, ovarium
superus,
sup us 2 – 4 carpel, 1 ruang,
p l u n
1 biji
Buah : drupa
Terdiri atas + 10 marga, 1400 –
2000 jenis, tropis

33. Peperomia sandersii,
tanaman hias
P. pellucida (seuseureuhan),
tanaman hias

34. P. betle (sirih)
Sakit mata Eksim bau mulut, kulit gatal,
mata, Eksim, mulut gatal
Piper nigrum (lada) – piperin menghilangkan jerawat; pendarahan gusi, mimisan,
bronkhitis, batuk, sariawan, luka; keputihan, sakit
jantung, sifilis, alergi/biduren, diare,
jantung sifilis alergi/biduren diare Sakit gigi;
It is often chewed in combination with the betel
nut (Areca catechu), as a stimulatory. Some
evidence suggests that betel leaves have immune
boosting properties as well as anti-cancer
properties

35. P. t f t
P retrofractum ( b jawa, cabe panjang) : untuk bandrek
(cabe j b j ) t k b d k
In P. retrofractum (long pepper), piperine, piperlonguminine, sylvatine,
guineensine, piperlongumine, filfiline sitosterol
guineensine piperlongumine filfiline, sitosterol, methyl piperate and a
series of piperine-analog retrofractamides are reported. (Phytochemistry,
24, 279, 1985)
Buah : kejang perut, perut kembung, diare, sakit kepala, sakit gigi, batuk,
demam, tekanan darah rendah.

36. P. Aduncum
(gedebong, kiseureuh)
Provides food and cover for wildlife, can be used for revegetating disturbed areas, and
contributes to the biomass of forests (Francis, 2003).
In Papua New Guinea stakes are used to create terraces for agriculture and to prevent
erosion (Bourke, 1997).
Wood can be used for basic construction, fuel, stakes and fences.
Has ornamental value and the fruit is used to season food.
Essential oils from this species have antibacterial properties and may also
be used as an insecticide and a molluscicide.
Tea made from the leaves and roots is used to treat diarrhea dysentery,
diarrhea, dysentery
vomiting, ulcers, and can also be used for the control of bleeding (Francis,
2003).

37. P. methysticum (kawa), akar mengandung narkotik metistidin

38. Bangsa ILLICIALES
Suku ILLICIACEAE
Perdu atau pohon kecil yang aromatis
Terdiri dari 1 marga dengan + 40 jenis
Illicium verum (star anise)

39. Bangsa RANUNCULALES (8 suku)
Suku MENISPERMACEAE (Sirawan sirawanan)
(Sirawan-sirawanan)
Umumnya liana atau herba
Biasanya mengandung
Bi d
sesquiterpenoid dan diterpenoid yang sangat pahit dan
beracun
Berberin
B b i
Beberapa jenis dipakai seagai bahan ramuan obat
Cyclaea barbata (cincau rambat)
daun bahan cincau
Tinospora crispa

40. Arcangelisia flava (sirawan) – bayang, biji untuk obat
mengandung berberin menispermin
berberin,

41. Bangsa PAPAVERALES (2 suku)
Suku PAPAVERACEAE (Deruju–derujuan)
Herba, jaran perdu dengan etah
Herba jarang perdu, den an getah seperti susu atau berwarna
Mengandung berbagai alkaloida
Banyak jenis yang merupakan tanaman hias,
Yang terpenting adalah P
Y i d l h Papaver somniferum, sumber opium (
if b i (yang
disadap dari buah yang belum matang) – narkotik
Papaver somniferum

42. Argemone mexicana (deruju) Mexican
Poppy,
Poppy Mexican Prickly Poppy or
Cardosanto
Useful Parts: Roots, leaves, seeds
and yellow juice.
the plant is diuretic. purgative and destroys worms.
It cures lepsory, skin-diseases, inflammations and bilious fevers.
Roots are anthelmintic Juice is used to cure ophthalmia and opacity of cornea
anthelmintic. cornea.
Seeds are purgative and sedative.
Seeds resemble mustard seeds and in India it is used to adulterate mustard
seed.
seed Seed yield non edible toxic oil and causes lethal dropsy when used with
mustard oil for cooking.
Other uses: The plant is found suitable for the reclamation of alkaline soils
soils.
Dried and powdered plants are recommended as green manure as it contain
sufficient amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium