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Real Time, Web 2.0, and Grid Systems  INGRID 2007 - Instrumenting the Grid  2nd International Workshop on Distributed Cooperative Laboratories - S.Margherita Ligure Portofino, ITALY,  April 18 2007 Geoffrey Fox Computer Science, Informatics, Physics Pervasive Technology Laboratories Indiana University Bloomington IN 47401 [email_address] http:// www.infomall.org
Uncontroversial Ideas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why Web 2.0 is Useful ,[object Object]
Technology Approaches ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Web 2.0 v Grid I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Web 2.0 v Grid II ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The world does itself in large numbers!
APIs/Mashups per Protocol Distribution Number of Mashups Number of APIs REST SOAP XML-RPC REST, XML-RPC REST, XML-RPC, SOAP REST, SOAP JS Other google maps netvibes live.com virtual earth google search amazon S3 amazon ECS flickr ebay youtube 411sync del.icio.us yahoo! search yahoo! geocoding technorati yahoo! images trynt yahoo! local
Implication for Grids I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implications for Grids II ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implications for Instruments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Grids of Grids of Simple Services ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Overlay and Compose Grids of Grids Methods Services Component Grids CPUs Clusters Compute Resource Grids MPPs Databases Federated Databases Sensor Sensor Nets Data Resource Grids
Component Grids? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Using the Grid of Grids and Core Services to build multiple application grids re-using common components. Physical Network (monitored by FS16) 7: Discovery 8:Metadata BioInformatics Grid Chemical Informatics Grid … Domain Specific Grids/Services … 4: Notification 6: Security 5:  Workflow 3: Messaging 9: Management 14: Information Instrument/Sensor 12: Computing Core Low Level Grid Services 9: Management  18: Scheduling  10: Policy 15: Application Services Screening Tools Quantum Calculations 15: Application Services   Sequencing Tools Biocomplexity Simulations 11: Portals 17: Collaboration Services 13: Data Access/Storage
Net Centric and Critical Infrastructure (CI) Grids built as  Grids of Grids and re-using subGrids Flood Services and Filters Physical Network Registry Metadata Military Services and Filters Net Centric Grid Flood CIGrid … Electricity  CIGrid … Data Access/Storage Security Workflow Notification Messaging Portals Information  Management Grid Collaboration Grid Sensor Grid Compute Grid GIS Grid Core Grid Services
Mediation and Transformation in a Grid of Grids and Simple Services Port Port Port Port Internal Interfaces Subgrid or service Port Port Port Port Internal Interfaces Subgrid or service Port Port Port Port Internal Interfaces Subgrid or service Messaging Mediation and Transformation Services External facing Interfaces
Grid of Grids Builder Tool ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Grid Builder Features ,[object Object],[object Object]
Dynamic Service Management Architecture Connect to Messaging Node for sending and receiving messages User writes system configuration to registry Manager processes periodically checks available resources to manage. Also Read/Write resource specific external state from/to registry Periodically Spawn WS Management Available in latest release of  http://www.naradabrokering.org   Always ensure up and running Always ensure up and running
NaradaBrokering ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Stream NB supports messages and streams Queues
NB Features: Data Distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[1]   Building Messaging Substrates for Web and Grid Applications .   Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences . Vol 363, Num 1833, pp 1757-1773. 2005.   [2]   On the Matching Of Events in Distributed Brokering Systems .   Proc of the   IEEE ITCC Conf on Information Technology  2004 .  [3]   NaradaBrokering: A Middleware Framework and Architecture for Enabling Durable Peer-to-Peer Grids .   Proceedings of the  ACM/IFIP/ USENIX International Middleware Conference , 2003 .
NB Features: Security ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[1]   A Framework for Secure End-to-End Delivery of Messages in Publish/Subscribe Systems .  Proceedings of the 7th  IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing .  2006. [2]  On the Secure Creation, Organization and Discovery of Topics in Distributed Publish/Subscribe Systems .   International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking .
NB Features: Fault Tolerance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[1]  Fault-Tolerant Reliable Delivery of Messages in Distributed Publish/Subscribe Systems . (To appear)  Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing . 2007. [2]  A Scalable Approach for the Secure and Authorized Tracking of the Availability of Entities in Distributed Systems .  Proc of  21st IEEE International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium .  2007. [3]  A Scheme for Reliable Delivery of Events in Distributed Middleware Systems .  Proceedings of the  IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing . pp 328-329. 2004.
NB Features: Discovery of Brokers and Topics [1]  On the Discovery of Brokers in Distributed Messaging Infrastructures . Proc. of the  IEEE Cluster  2005 Conference.  [2]  On the Secure Creation, Organization and Discovery of Topics in Distributed Publish/Subscribe Systems .  International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking . [ 3] A Grid Framework for Visualization Services in the Earth Sciences .  Journal of Pure and Applied Geophysics . Volume 163, Numbers 11-12, 2006. pp 2467-2483. Birkhäuser Verlag.   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NB Features: Qualities of Service   ( QoS ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[1]  Message-Based Cellular Peer-to-Peer Grids: Foundations for Secure Federation and Autonomic Services .   Journal Of Future Generation Computer Systems . Volume 21, Issue 3, pp 401-415. [2]  Worldwide Messaging Support for High Performance Real-time Collaboration .  Proc of the  UK e-Science Programme AHM  2005  [3]  Implementing a NTP-Based Time Service within a Distributed Brokering System .  Proc of the  ACM International Conference on the Principles and Practice of Programming in Java .
NB Features: Web Services Support ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[1]  Scalable, Fault Tolerant Management in a Service-Oriented Architecture .  (To appear) Proc of the 2007   IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Distributed Computing  (HPDC). [2]  Deploying the NaradaBrokering Substrate in Aiding Efficient Web & Grid Service Interactions .   Proceedings of the IEEE . Vol 93, No 3. pp 564-577. March 2005. [3]  On the Costs for Reliable Messaging in Web/Grid Service Environments . Proc. of the  IEEE International Conference on e-Science & Grid Computing .
NB Features: Miscellaneous ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
These measurements are messages from client to broker and back using latest Java 1.6 release that is about twice performance of earlier releases
2 ms per broker in distributed case
 
Average Video Delays (OLD Data)  UDP Performance when NaradaBrokering used for audio-video conferencing Latency ms # Receivers One session Multiple  sessions 30 frames/sec
GlobalMMCS Service Architecture Gateways convert to uniform XGSP Messaging High Performance (RTP) and XML/SOAP and .. Use Multiple Media servers to scale to many codecs and many versions of audio/video mixing NB Scales as distributed Web Services NaradaBrokering Key idea: Use of queues in NaradaBrokering to build multipoint MCU This works well and Naradabrokering is reliable for day long continuous runs Motivated UDP (as well as TCP) support in NaradaBrokering GlobalMMCS is not very reliable software SIP H323 Access Grid Native XGSP Admire Media Servers Filters Session Server XGSP-based Control NaradaBrokering All Messaging
Collaboration Grid Improvements: HSD – Hybrid Shared Display ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Screen capturing Region finding Video encoding SD screen data encoding Network transmission ( RTP ) Network transmission ( TCP ) Video Decoding (H.261) SD screen data decoding Rendering Rendering Screen display HSD Flow Presenter Participants Through UDP NaradaBrokering VSD CSD Through TCP NaradaBrokering
 
eSports System for Real time multipoint video sharing and annotation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
eSports System and Streaming Services T=NaradaBrokering Topic
eSports System Interface (Recording)
eSports System Interface (Replay)
Explanation of User Interface
Performance Tests (WAN – UCSD Results)
Cost of Storage 0 1 2 3 repositories Topology C Topology D Topology E Topology F
Old and New (Web 2.0) Community Tools ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Connotea ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“Best Web 2.0 Sites” -- 2006 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mashups v Workflow? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why are Grids replacing scripts (Perl, PHP, Python) with arcane XML (as in BPEL)  PHP is much better understood than BPEL and easier to read …. Not quite fair as need to standardize PHP variables
Grid Workflow Datamining in Earth Science ,[object Object],[object Object],NASA GPS Earthquake GIS Mashup  or  Grid  consisting of mix of  Web 2.0 functionality  (Google Maps),  Web services  for results of Hidden Markov Analysis and our GIS data,  Web 2.0 services  for Google maps internal data Workflow scripted in  JavaScript   Streaming Data Support Transformations Data Checking Hidden Markov Datamining (JPL) Display (GIS) Real Time Archival
Web 2.0 uses all types of Services ,[object Object],[object Object]
Web 2.0 APIs ,[object Object],[object Object]
The List of Web 2.0 API’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 more Mashups each day ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Growing number of commercial Mashup Tools
Indiana Map Grid (Mashup) GIS Grid of “Indiana Map” and ~10 Indiana counties with accessible Map (Feature) Servers from different vendors. Grids federate different data repositories (cf Astronomy VO federating different observatory collections)
Browser + Google Map API Cass County Map Server (OGC Web Map Server) Hamilton County Map Server (AutoDesk) Marion County  Map Server (ESRI ArcIMS) Browser client fetches image tiles for the bounding box using Google Map API.  Tile Server requests map tiles at all zoom levels with all layers.  These are converted to uniform projection, indexed, and stored.  Overlapping images are combined.  Must provide adapters for each Map Server type . The cache server fulfills Google map calls with cached tiles at the requested bounding box that fill the bounding box. Google Maps Server Tile Server Cache Server Adapter Adapter Adapter
Mash Planet Web 2.0  Architecture http://www.imagine-it.org/mashplanet Display too large to be a Gadget
Searched on Transit/Transportation Searched on Transit/Transportation
Grid-style portal as used in Earthquake Grid ,[object Object]
Portlets v. Google Gadgets ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Note the many competitions powering Web 2.0  Mashup Development
Typical Google Gadget Structure ,[object Object],Portlets build User Interfaces by combining fragments in a standalone Java Server Google Gadgets build User Interfaces by combining fragments with JavaScript on the client Google Gadgets are an example of  Start Page technology See  http://blogs.zdnet.com/Hinchcliffe/?p=8
HTTP v SOAP v WS-* v Grid ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Timing of HP Opteron Multicore as a function of number of simultaneous two-way service messages processed (November 2006 DSS Release) ,[object Object],DSS Service Measurements
So there is more or less no architecture difference between Narrow Grids and Web 2.0 and we can build e-infrastructure or Cyberinfrastructure with either architecture (or mix and match) We should bring  Web 2.0 People  capabilities to Grids (eScience, Enterprises) We should use most convenient  services  for a given problem See  Enterprise 2.0  discussion at  http://blogs.zdnet.com/Hinchcliffe /   Mashups  are  workflow  (and vice versa) Portals  are  start pages  and  portlets  could be  gadgets

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Real Time, Web 2.0, and Grid Systems

  • 1. Real Time, Web 2.0, and Grid Systems INGRID 2007 - Instrumenting the Grid 2nd International Workshop on Distributed Cooperative Laboratories - S.Margherita Ligure Portofino, ITALY, April 18 2007 Geoffrey Fox Computer Science, Informatics, Physics Pervasive Technology Laboratories Indiana University Bloomington IN 47401 [email_address] http:// www.infomall.org
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. APIs/Mashups per Protocol Distribution Number of Mashups Number of APIs REST SOAP XML-RPC REST, XML-RPC REST, XML-RPC, SOAP REST, SOAP JS Other google maps netvibes live.com virtual earth google search amazon S3 amazon ECS flickr ebay youtube 411sync del.icio.us yahoo! search yahoo! geocoding technorati yahoo! images trynt yahoo! local
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Using the Grid of Grids and Core Services to build multiple application grids re-using common components. Physical Network (monitored by FS16) 7: Discovery 8:Metadata BioInformatics Grid Chemical Informatics Grid … Domain Specific Grids/Services … 4: Notification 6: Security 5: Workflow 3: Messaging 9: Management 14: Information Instrument/Sensor 12: Computing Core Low Level Grid Services 9: Management 18: Scheduling 10: Policy 15: Application Services Screening Tools Quantum Calculations 15: Application Services Sequencing Tools Biocomplexity Simulations 11: Portals 17: Collaboration Services 13: Data Access/Storage
  • 14. Net Centric and Critical Infrastructure (CI) Grids built as Grids of Grids and re-using subGrids Flood Services and Filters Physical Network Registry Metadata Military Services and Filters Net Centric Grid Flood CIGrid … Electricity CIGrid … Data Access/Storage Security Workflow Notification Messaging Portals Information Management Grid Collaboration Grid Sensor Grid Compute Grid GIS Grid Core Grid Services
  • 15. Mediation and Transformation in a Grid of Grids and Simple Services Port Port Port Port Internal Interfaces Subgrid or service Port Port Port Port Internal Interfaces Subgrid or service Port Port Port Port Internal Interfaces Subgrid or service Messaging Mediation and Transformation Services External facing Interfaces
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Dynamic Service Management Architecture Connect to Messaging Node for sending and receiving messages User writes system configuration to registry Manager processes periodically checks available resources to manage. Also Read/Write resource specific external state from/to registry Periodically Spawn WS Management Available in latest release of http://www.naradabrokering.org Always ensure up and running Always ensure up and running
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. These measurements are messages from client to broker and back using latest Java 1.6 release that is about twice performance of earlier releases
  • 28. 2 ms per broker in distributed case
  • 29.  
  • 30. Average Video Delays (OLD Data) UDP Performance when NaradaBrokering used for audio-video conferencing Latency ms # Receivers One session Multiple sessions 30 frames/sec
  • 31. GlobalMMCS Service Architecture Gateways convert to uniform XGSP Messaging High Performance (RTP) and XML/SOAP and .. Use Multiple Media servers to scale to many codecs and many versions of audio/video mixing NB Scales as distributed Web Services NaradaBrokering Key idea: Use of queues in NaradaBrokering to build multipoint MCU This works well and Naradabrokering is reliable for day long continuous runs Motivated UDP (as well as TCP) support in NaradaBrokering GlobalMMCS is not very reliable software SIP H323 Access Grid Native XGSP Admire Media Servers Filters Session Server XGSP-based Control NaradaBrokering All Messaging
  • 32.
  • 33. Screen capturing Region finding Video encoding SD screen data encoding Network transmission ( RTP ) Network transmission ( TCP ) Video Decoding (H.261) SD screen data decoding Rendering Rendering Screen display HSD Flow Presenter Participants Through UDP NaradaBrokering VSD CSD Through TCP NaradaBrokering
  • 34.  
  • 35.
  • 36. eSports System and Streaming Services T=NaradaBrokering Topic
  • 39. Explanation of User Interface
  • 40. Performance Tests (WAN – UCSD Results)
  • 41. Cost of Storage 0 1 2 3 repositories Topology C Topology D Topology E Topology F
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51. Indiana Map Grid (Mashup) GIS Grid of “Indiana Map” and ~10 Indiana counties with accessible Map (Feature) Servers from different vendors. Grids federate different data repositories (cf Astronomy VO federating different observatory collections)
  • 52. Browser + Google Map API Cass County Map Server (OGC Web Map Server) Hamilton County Map Server (AutoDesk) Marion County Map Server (ESRI ArcIMS) Browser client fetches image tiles for the bounding box using Google Map API. Tile Server requests map tiles at all zoom levels with all layers. These are converted to uniform projection, indexed, and stored. Overlapping images are combined. Must provide adapters for each Map Server type . The cache server fulfills Google map calls with cached tiles at the requested bounding box that fill the bounding box. Google Maps Server Tile Server Cache Server Adapter Adapter Adapter
  • 53. Mash Planet Web 2.0 Architecture http://www.imagine-it.org/mashplanet Display too large to be a Gadget
  • 54. Searched on Transit/Transportation Searched on Transit/Transportation
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60. So there is more or less no architecture difference between Narrow Grids and Web 2.0 and we can build e-infrastructure or Cyberinfrastructure with either architecture (or mix and match) We should bring Web 2.0 People capabilities to Grids (eScience, Enterprises) We should use most convenient services for a given problem See Enterprise 2.0 discussion at http://blogs.zdnet.com/Hinchcliffe / Mashups are workflow (and vice versa) Portals are start pages and portlets could be gadgets