This document summarizes a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting that discussed hazards associated with animal feed. The meeting aimed to update knowledge of hazards in feed, provide guidance for risk analyses, and identify knowledge gaps. Hazards discussed included chemical contaminants like dioxins and PCBs, biological hazards like Salmonella, and physical hazards such as nanomaterials. The meeting stressed the importance of preventing hazards in feed and developing standards and regulations. However, challenges remain in generating data on some hazards, developing risk assessment methodologies, and addressing differences in countries' regulatory frameworks.

1. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on
Hazards Associated with Animal Feed
12-15 May 2015, Rome, Italy
Overview

2. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
Background
• 2007 expert meeting
• Ad hoc
intergovernmental task
force on animal feed
• Requested FAO/WHO to
provide updated
information on hazards
of relevance to animal
feed

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• Update of the current state of knowledge
on hazards associated with feed including
feed and feed production technologies of
increasing relevance
• Guidance on the most appropriate use of
this information for risk analyses purposes
• Identify knowledge gaps to prioritize
future work.
Meeting objectives

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Included
• Hazards in animal feed presenting a risk for
human health
• Impact of these hazards on animal health
• Hazards in water where relevant in
accordance with the Codex definition of
animal feed.
Scope

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Excluded
• Potential wider impacts of hazards on
animal health, welfare and productivity,
food security - area for future work
• Veterinary drugs intentionally added to feed
• Antimicrobial resistance
• GMOs – subject to safety assessment prior
to use
Scope

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Implemented in line with procedures for
provision of scientific advice
Inclusive in efforts to consider all available data
• Background paper summarizing publicly available
data
• Additional information through its peer review by
experts and stakeholders,
• Call for data
• information and expertise provided by the
individual experts
• Resource people (biofuels, former food products)
Process/Approach

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Hazards in feed may present an important risk
for human health, and can have a negative
impact on animal health and welfare
Stressed the importance of
• Pursuing the prevention and control of hazards in
animal feed.
• Developing and implementing standards, guidelines
and practical measures
• Action from multiple players is required to build
upon what has already been done
• Ongoing and enhanced capacity development
Key Findings - general

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• Challenges presented by the wide range of
hazards and feed sources, including
• need to generate the necessary data on some of these
contaminants (sampling approaches and sampling plans)
• collate those data, if feasible through a global platform
• develop the methodologies needed to facilitate such risk
assessment.
• Role of the industry in generating data as
well as authorities
• Importance of using this to identify and
implement risk management measures
Key Findings - Risk assessment

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• Codex Alimentarius work recognized – but
more needed, explicit consideration of feed
when developing or revising Codex texts for
biological and chemical contaminants.
• Differences that exist between countries’
regulatory frameworks, and its impact – limited
or no legislation and infrastructure feed safety
management.
• The ongoing development of new technologies
- need institutional and regulatory frameworks
.
Key findings – standards and regulation

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• Not feasible at international level
• Country by country basis, consider specific
situation, e.g feed sources, production systems
• Codex guidance
• Consider other issues e.g. food security
• Changing environment in which feed is
being produced and used (climate, farming
practices, feed sources etc.)
• regular review of potential hazards
• Awareness of the potential for new hazards
• be ready to take the necessary steps to manage
these.
Key findings - prioritization

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• Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such dioxans
(PCDDs), furans (PCDFs), dl-PCBs andl-PCBs;
• Veterinary drug residues;
• Organochlorine and other pesticides;
• Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (e.g. arsenic,
cadmium, lead, mercury);
• Mycotoxins;
• Plant toxins (e.g. genotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids
and anti-nutritionals such as glucosinolates)
• Potential and emerging chemical hazards.
Chemical hazards

12. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
Chemical hazards
Hazard POPs - dioxin, dl-PCBs, ndl-PCBs
Health impact Dioxins – reproductive, immune and endocrine systems are
sensitive targets, especially in developing organisms
NDL-PCBs difficult to identify
Source Natural and anthropogenic sources, processing (e.g drying with
inappropriate foods)
Occurrence in feed Plants grown in contaminated areas, fish oil and meal from
contaminated areas
Transfer feed to food Dependent on congener profile and lipid content of feed
Relevance for food safety only slowly eliminated and as such levels found in edible tissues
and products are dependent on the levels in feed and also the
duration of exposure.
Emerging issues/trends better define the risk associated with ndl-PCBs that are generally
present at much higher levels in feed than dioxins and dl-PCBs

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• Bacteria – Salmonella, Mycobacterium,
Brucella, Clostridium spp,
enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and
Listeria
• Parasites - pasture and forage
• Viruses – data gap
• Prions – don’t forget lessons of the past.
Biological hazards

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• Radionuclides
• Residues of
nanomaterials, micro-
and nano-plastics
• Other relevant materials
- packaging.
Physical hazards

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• Insects as feed
• Food waste and former food products
• Biofuel by-products
• Aquatic plants
• Marine resources
Feed sources and processes of increasing
importance

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• A lot of information
• Challenges - knowledge and understanding what is
relevant for animal feed.
• methods not validated for all relevant feed and feed
ingredients
• no reliable methods are available for a number of the
identified hazards.
• Developed a table of information
• overview of the methods available specifically for hazards in
feed
• scope of their application
Analytical Methods

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Thank you