Identification and Apportionment of sources of PM2.5 in Cork Harbour using single particle mass spectrometry - R M Healy, UCC
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1. The document describes a study using an Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (ATOFMS) to identify and apportion sources of PM2.5 in Cork Harbour, Ireland. 2. The major sources identified were traffic, sea spray, and local combustion processes including domestic solid fuel burning. 3. While shipping traffic contributed little to PM2.5 mass, it contributed almost half of total particle number concentration, similar to traffic sources.
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Identification and Apportionment of sources of PM2.5 in Cork Harbour using single particle mass spectrometry - R M Healy, UCC
- 1. R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010 Identification and Apportionment of sources of PM 2.5 in Cork Harbour using single particle mass spectrometry R. M. Healy 1 , S. Hellebust 1 , I. Kourtchev 1 , A. Allanic 1 , I. O’Connnor 1 , J. Bell 1 , D. Healy 1 , M. Dall’Osto 2 , D. Ceburnis 2 , J. Ovadnevaite 2 , H. Berresheim 2 , C. O’Dowd 2 , J. Sodeau 1 , J. Wenger 1 1 Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland 2 School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Pollution Studies, Environmental Change Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
- 2. Aims 1: To measure the size-resolved chemical composition of single particles in Cork Harbour using Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (ATOFMS) 2: To use this information to identify sources of PM 2.5 with an emphasis on local shipping emissions 3: To combine ATOFMS data with other semi-continuous measurements in order to estimate the contribution of each source to ambient PM 2.5 mass concentration and particle number concentration R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 3. Sampling Site Sampling carried out at Tivoli Docks, Cork Harbour for three weeks (7-28/08/2008) R. M. Healy et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 10 , 1035-1082, 2010 R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 4. Instrumentation R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010 Aerodynamic lens Sizing Region (2 sizing lasers 532 nm) Ionization laser (266 nm) Positive and negative time-of-flight mass spectrometers
- 5. Instrumentation R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010 Instrument Measurement ATOFMS (TSI, 3800) Size-resolved single particle chemical composition SMPS (TSI, 3081) Particle number (20-700 nm) TEOM (Thermo, 1400a) PM 2.5 Thermal-optical carbon analyser (Sunset, 3 rd gen. field model) ECC Sulfate analyser (Thermo, 5020 SPA) Particulate SO 4 2-
- 6. Data Analysis 1: Over 500,000 particle mass spectra were collected, imported into ENCHILADA 1 and clustered using the K -means algorithm ( K =50) 2: 50 clusters reduced to 14 ATOFMS classes; Peat, Coal, Wood, Sea salt, Shipping, Ca-traffic, EC-traffic, EC-phos, EC-MSA, EC-domestic, EC-background, EC-oil, ECOC, and Oligomer 3: ATOFMS counts for each class were sorted into hourly bins and used along with hourly averages of EC/OC, SO 4 2- and hourly integrated SMPS particle counts for positive matrix factorisation (PMF) in order to reconstruct PM 2.5 mass concentrations 1 D. Gross et al., Environmental Modelling & Software 25 , 760-769, 2010 R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 7. ATOFMS Results: Shipping R. M. Healy et al., Atmospheric Environment 43 , 6408-6414, 2009 R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 8. ATOFMS Results: Shipping R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 9. ATOFMS Results: Shipping R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 10. ATOFMS Results: Domestic Combustion Coal Peat Wood R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 11. ATOFMS Results: Domestic Combustion R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 12. ATOFMS Results: Domestic Combustion R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 13. ATOFMS Results: Traffic R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 14. ATOFMS Results: Long-range transport? R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 15. ATOFMS Results: Long-range transport? R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010 5 day back-trajectories for air masses arriving at Cork Harbour on at 00:00 on 10/08/2008 (left), 14/08/2008 (middle) and 26/08/2008 (right).
- 16. Semi-continuous Results Hourly averaged values (µg m -3 ) 7-28/08/2008 R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010 OC EC SO 4 2- PM 2.5 Mean 1.13 0.61 0.49 9.67 Median 1.02 0.55 0.45 8.55 Maximum 3.41 2.90 2.14 49.80 Minimum 0.22 0.00 0.04 1.50
- 17. PMF Results % Variable contributions to six-factor model and estimated % contribution to measured PM 2.5 mass Robert Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010 Traffic Domestic Combustion Various Combustion Marine Long-range Shipping Quantitative measurements: OC mass 21 21 16 20 18 4 EC mass 43 20 18 5 11 4 Sulfate mass 9 11 40 23 15 2 Particle number (SMPS) 42 14 13 6 7 18 PM 2.5 mass 23 5 11 14 13 1 ATOFMS classes: Coal 5 52 30 3 7 3 Peat 3 84 5 2 3 2 Wood 11 63 5 13 6 1 Sea salt 1 0 2 86 10 1 Shipping 0 0 0 0 0 100 Ca-traffic 83 0 0 4 8 4 EC-traffic 59 25 6 1 3 6 EC-phos 82 9 3 0 6 0 EC-MSA 1 0 3 6 90 0 EC-domestic 0 91 0 0 2 7 EC-background 28 18 35 1 11 6 EC-oil 52 24 24 1 0 0 ECOC 0 0 69 0 31 0 Oligomer 0 76 8 15 0 1
- 18. Conclusions 1: Unique mass spectral fingerprints and high time resolution of ATOFMS are suited to source identification and apportionment, representing a useful alternative to off-line chemical analysis of PM 2.5 2: The major sources of PM 2.5 in Cork Harbour during the summer are traffic and sea spray, followed by local combustion processes including a contribution from domestic solid fuel burning 3: Although shipping traffic contributes very little to PM 2.5 mass concentrations, the contribution to particle number concentration is almost half that of traffic R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 19. Acknowledgements Port of Cork for providing a suitable sampling site Higher Education Authority, Environmental Protection Agency and Science Foundation Ireland for providing funding for this research Thank you for your attention! R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 20. R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 21. Robert Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 22. Hourly averaged signal for nitrate for the Coal, Peat and Wood ATOFMS classes for the 4 low wind speed events (11-12 August 2008, 13-15 August 2008 and 22-23 August 2008). R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 23. Concentration-time profiles for PM 2.5 * , SO 4 2-* , organic carbon ** and elemental carbon ** for 07-28 August 2008. * Hourly averaged mass concentration. ** 2 hour averaged mass concentration. R. M. Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010
- 24. ATOFMS Results: Traffic Ca-Traffic EC-traffic EC-phos Robert Healy TXB Galway 08/09/2010