Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
The use of cellular (foamed) concrete in geotechnical engineering.
1. CE 4002: Project
BE (Civil) Degree
Supervisor: Dr. Michael Creed
Daniel McAuliffe
Denis O’Sullivan
University College Cork
Coláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
2. Poor Soil Additional
Standard Fill Subsidence
Conditions Loadings
High effective
Fill with and Deformation and
Construction stresses induced in
compact heavy Settlement of peat
planned peat (Overburden
granular fill layer
Pressure)
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3. Foamed
Concrete Fill
•⇒ No additional
Lightweight Loadings
No
Subsidence
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4. 1. Introduction
to the Material
6. Conclusion 2. Manufacture
Foamed
Concrete
5. Applications
and Case 3. Properties
Studies
4.
Environmental
Considerations
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6. What it is made of ?
How it is made ?
Quality Control
Foam Concrete Mobile Batching Plant (construction int.com,2011)
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7. Foam
Foaming Agents
Synthetic based
Protein based
Foam Types
Wet
Dry
Large Batch Foam Generator (foamedconcrete.co.uk,2010)
Wet Foam (Concrete Society, 2009) Dry Foam (Concrete Society, 2009)
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8. Constituents
Base Mix
Binding Agents Aggregates
Portland Cement Sand
Pulverised Fly Ash (PFA) Limestone
Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS)
Admixtures Water
Set Controllers
Plasticizing agents
Fibres
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9. Production
Pre – foam method
Inline method ( Wet and Dry )
Quality Control
Inline Dry System (Aldridge.D, 2005)
Mixing
Pouring Depth
Pumping
Cellular Concrete (California Lightweight
Concrete Inc., 2009. )
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10. Dependent on characteristics of the mix
Materials and their quantities
Binder
Aggregate
Foaming Agent
Density: Most significant
Quantity of foaming agent
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16. Reduction in Energy Consumption/C02
Production
Recycling of Waste Materials
Recycling Logo
Safety Considerations
(gvisionaries.files.wordpress.com,2011)
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17. Use as a base or filling material under roadways
and structures.
Filling of underground cavities and utilities.
Reinstatement of trenches.
Insulation of utilities or other elements.
Base for sports fields.
Improving stormwater runoff management.
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18. 1. Base in Road Widening Project, The
Netherlands.
2. Masonry Arch Bridge Infill
Investigation, Transport Research
Laboratory, UK.
3. Stabilisation of Combe Down Stone
Mines, Bath.
4. Trench Reinstatement in St. Helier, Jersey.
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19. Need for extra capacity – Widening.
Adjacent Dyke – Fill.
Unstable Peat Soil.
High Water Table.
Deformation of Road Surface not Permitted.
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20. Excavate soil & Infill
with Low Density
Foamed Concrete.
Weight of Foamed
Concrete + Weight of
Roadway ≤ Weight of Effective Stress σ’
Increase Relative to
Soil Excavated Cross Section
(kN/m2)
Effective Stress of
Original Soil (kN/m2)
Minimal Increase in 1 14.75 3.25
Vertical Effective 2 8.5 -3
Stress.
3 5.75 -5.25
Original Soil 11.5 -
Standard Fill, 40.75 29.25
Settlement Prevented. Cross Section 1
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21. Carried Out by Transport Research
Laboratory, Berkshire, UK .
Specially Constructed Structure.
Replacement of Granular Fill with Foamed Concrete
(1MPa, 1000 kg/m3)
Series of Loading Tests
50 kN Patch Loading at Midpoint.
Increasing Linear Load across the Bridge: Serviceability Failure
Increasing Linear Load across the Bridge: Collapse of Arch
Vertical Displacement at Centre of Arch Monitored.
Comparison with Standard Bridge.
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22. Load Capacity
F.C. Bridge ≈ 2.7 Standard Bridge.
Stiffness (Based on Vertical Displacements).
F.C. Bridge ≈ 2.8 Standard Bridge.
Lighter Stronger Bridge Structure.
Less Expensive Fill (30% Cheaper).
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24. Infill with Foamed Concrete (600,000 m3).
Strength: 1MPa at Density: 600 kg/m3.
Range of Consistencies (Rheology).
Low Flow: Seal Fractures – Prevention of Leaching &
Contamination of Aquifer.
Fluid: Ensure that all Crevasses are Filled.
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25. Backfill of Sewer Trenches in Roadway.
Strength: 4MPa, Denstiy: 1100 kg/m3.
Cheaper to Place than Granular Fill.
Self Compacting.
No Skilled Operators.
No Specialist Machinery.
No Recurrent Repairs.
Fast Curing: Resurfacing
possible the next day.
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27. Main Advantage:
Low weight: Low Vertical Stresses Imposed.
Rigid Material: No Lateral Earth Pressures.
Variation in Mixes Available
Strength/Density.
Suitable for many tasks.
Environmentally Friendly
Recycles waste material (PFA, GGBS).
Reduced energy consumption & emissions.
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28. Academic Supervisor: Dr. Michael J. Creed.
Mr. Frank Maguire, RPS Consulting Engineers.
Dr. Yong Song Fan.
Mr. Anthony M. Moloney.
Staff at Inter-Library Loan Department, Boole
Library, UCC.
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29. Thank You for Your Attention.
Please feel free to:
Ask Questions
Voice Queries
Provide Valued Constructive Criticism/Feedback.
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