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Daniel Brink
Daniel Brink
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“The views of space and time which I wish to lay before you have sprung from the soil of experimental physics, space by itself, and time by itself, are doomed to fade away into mere shadows, and only a kind of union of the two will preserve an independent reality.” This new reality was that space and time, as physical constructs, have to be combined into a new mathematical/physical entity called ‘space-time’, because the equations of relativity show that both the space and time coordinates of any event must get mixed together by the mathematics, in order to accurately describe what we see. Because space consists of 3 dimensions, and time is 1-dimensional, space-time must, therefore, be a 4-dimensional object. So, physicists now routinely consider our world to be embedded in this 4-dimensional Space-Time continuum, and all events, places, moments in history, actions and so on are described in terms of their location in Space-Time. ...Albert Einstein. “This adventure is made possible by generations of searchers strictly adherent to a simple set of rules. Test ideas by experiments and observations. Build on those ideas that pass the test. Reject the ones that fail. Follow the evidence wherever it leads, and question everything. Accept these terms, and the cosmos is yours.” “There are as many atoms in each molecule of your DNA as there are stars in the typical galaxy. This is true for dogs, and bears, and every living thing. We are, each of us, a little universe.” We are part of this universe; we are in this universe, but perhaps more important than both of those facts, is that the universe is in us. ....Neil deGrasse Tyson. Source: Author & (Fig1) - Bibliography
Contents Introduction..............................................................................1 Abstract....................................................................................2 Context of Journey...................................................................4 Point of Departure....................................................................5 Moving through Space and Time to 44 Stanley........................6 44Stanley.................................................................................13 Destination Point: 44 Stanley...................................................14 Moving Through Space and Time to...Empire BRT.................17 Empire Road BRT...................................................................19 Transport interchange: Empire Road BRT..............................20 Conclusion..............................................................................21 References.............................................................................22 Daniel Brink 381157
Introduction The Point of Departure of this Journey is the Old Mutual Sports Hall at Wits University. The Structure component of this Journey defines the underlying Spatial, Environmental, Economic and Political frameworks that OMSH is influenced by They begin here as having an exclusionary character. These frameworks shall change throughout this Journey. According to Sennett (2009) one spatial distinction which helps us engage actively with the changing context of time lies in the defference between borders and bundaries. The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, is situated in the northern areas of central Johannesburg. The university has its roots in the mining industry, as do Johannesburg and the Witwatersrand in general. Founded in 1896 as the South African School of Mines in Kimberley, it is the third oldest South African university. The destination point of this journey is the 44 Stanley precinct, which is followed by its connection to its closest Transport interchange on Empire road, both of these destination points are enclosed by the greater suburb of Braamfontein Werf. Both the above mentioned spaces have interesting histories and complex underlying spatial ordering system because of it, this spatial orderintg system has great implications on the configuration of its spatial form. According to Sennett (2009) In natural ecologies, borders are the zones in a habitat where organisms become more inter-active, due to the meeting of different species or physical conditions. Braamfontein Werf was approved as a township in September 1914. “The name comes from early Johannesburg days when there was a farmyard: Afrikaans ‘werf in the area on which a servitude in 1887 for a road to Barber’s mill on the present day Sans Souci was granted. Milpark or Braamfontein Werf was shaped by many Historical factors which define it today. According to Bachelard (1994) in order to illustrate the metaphysics of conciosness we should have to wait for the experiences during which being is castout, that is to say, thrown out, outside the being of the house, a circumstance in which the hostility of men and of the universe accumulates. As we move in time and space to other locations on our journey to places in space which have different structure and form characteristics, we will penetrate some extremely historically rich areas with spatial implications, such as vrededorp, formerly know as fietas. The history of this area has structural implications on the way the space is configured in the present day, where its streets form part of the greater framework. Fietas was an integrated community, not unlike District Six and Sophiatown, and was also destroyed by forced removals as a result of the Group Areas Act. The majority of the inhabitants moved to Lenasia and Soweto between 1956 and 1977, and the area was declared ‘White”. This led to fierce resistance that continued into the 1980s. Point of Departure: Old Mutual Sports Hall Journey/s Destination: 44 Stanley & Empire Road Source: Fig 3 - BibliographySource: Fig 2 - Bibliography Source: Fig 4 - Bibliography Daniel Brink 381157 1
Daniel Brink 381157 2 Abstract According to Sennett (2009) the cities everyone wants to live in would be clean and safe, possess efficent public services, support a dynamic economy, provide cultural stimulation, and help hel society’s divisions of race, class, and ethinicity. These are not the cities we live in. This is so in part because the city is not it’s own master; cities can fail on all these counts due to national government policy or to social ills and economic forces beyond local control (Sennett, 2009). The public realm offers pople a chance to lighten the pressures for conformity, of fitting into a fixed role in the socai order; anonymity and impersonality provide a milieu for more individual development. This promise of turning a fresh personal page among strangers has lured many migrants to cities (Sennett, 2009). The premise of this Graphical Narrative from the point of departure at old mutual sports hall, to 44 Stanley and then finally to the transport interchange, is to uncover and analyse the spatial dimensions of the environment and the degree to which its underlying spatial components and its spatial ordering system allows it to perform well as a place within a space. Related to this are the notions of Space and Performance which are a product of the underlying conditions. The narrative will penetrate the urban fabric of three distinct areas which are configured through the confines or freedoms of their underlying spatial ordering system, we wiil move through time and space and analyse the contrasting conditions which make a space a place, as well as how they hinder their ability to perform well or be considered as democratic space. Related to this are the notions of Structure and form which define the solids and voids and the ability of them to be configured for successful and performing Places in SpacesSource: Author Source: Author Source: Author Source: AuthorSource: Author
Daniel Brink 381157 3 Never known, what happiness is, I’ve never known, what sweet caress is, yeah! Still, I’ll be always laughing like a clown... “Concrete Jungle” No sun will shine in my day today... The high yellow moon won’t come out to play... I said darkness has covered my light, And has changed my day into night, yeah! Where is the love to be found? Won’t someone tell me ‘cause, Life, sweet life, must be somewhere to be found... out there somewhere for me, Instead of concrete jungle... I said where the living is hardest, Concrete jungle! Man, you got to do your best, concrete jungle! No chains around my feet... But I’m not free, I know I am bounded in captivity...oh now! Source: Author & ( Fig 5 ; Fig 6; Fig 7; Fig 8) - Bibliography Oh someone help me ‘cause I... I’ve got to pick myself from off the ground... In this ya concrete jungle! I said, what do you got for me now? Concrete jungle! Why won’t you let me be now? I said that life, sweet life...must be somewhere, to be found... out there somewhere for me Oh, instead...concrete jungle! Collusion, Confusion... Concrete jungle! we’ve made it, We’ve got it. In Concrete jungle now... What do you got for me now?
Daniel Brink 381157 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST STREET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREE BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE ROAD LIME STR ORANGESTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL RHODES AVE RHODES AVE YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY Context of Journey 1 Source: Author 1 4 Scale: 1:10000
1 Daniel Brink 381157 5 Scale: 1:15000 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST ET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET REET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET TH STREET 10TH STREET TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET ENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 0THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD UNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL RHODES AVE RHODES AVE YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY Point of Departure...Old Mutual Sports Hall The Form of Old mutual Sports Hall, characterises it as one which has various inner and outer linkages, OMSH’s form is neatly located, the Voids as well as the Architecture around it envelopes it into the broader frameworks of Wits and together the Form and the Underlying Structure of OMSH allows it become a Place within a Space. Source: Author Source: Author 1 2 21
EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 21 Moving through Space and Time to...44 Stanley 1 Daniel Brink 381157 6 Scale: 1:15000 The green shaded areas in the image above represents a soft edge conditiion and the green lines represent the presence of a cyclist lane which makes the street more democratic, there is also potentail to improve informal trders stalls, what is more, the red represents narrow sidwalks. In recommendation 1, we can see that the pavements have been widened, more lighting has been made available and the interface of pedestrian and cyclist lanes have made the street more democratic. Source: Author Source: Author 2
Daniel Brink 381157 7 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 21 Moving through Space and Time to...44 Stanley 1 Scale: 1:15000 As we move out of Wits, the Structure of the Space we find ourselves in has changed, we have moved from a semi-private space to a public space and we can see that the form of the buildings around it provide a very different space, a one which is quite intimidating. Recommendation 2, shows provision of street furniture and widening of pavements as well as improvement of lighting in this dangerous and intimidating area in order to increase passive surveillance and democracy of the space. 2 Source: Author Source: Author
Daniel Brink 381157 8 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 2 1 Moving through Space and Time to...44 Stanley 1 Scale: 1:15000 Recommendation 3, shows improved vegetation in the wasted land in the centre of the street as well as street furniture and the upgrading of informal trading stands into more robust forms, which will enhance their business. Source: Author Source: Author 2
Daniel Brink 381157 9 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 2 1 Moving through Space and Time to...44 Stanley 1 Scale: 1:15000 Recommendatio 4, shows the improvement of vegetaton, as well as the inclusion cyclist lanes and street furniture. Source: Author Source: Author 2
Daniel Brink 381157 10 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 2 1 Moving through Space and Time to...44 Stanley 1 Scale: 1:15000 Recommendation 5, , shows informal traders whom have been encouraged with better infrastructure and the street has been enhanced with the provision of seating and tables to encourage people watching. Source: Author Source: Author 2
Daniel Brink 381157 11 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 21 1 Scale: 1:15000 Moving Through Space and Time to...44 Stanley Recommendation 6, shows the improvement of edge conditions as well as pavement width and the quality of the cobbling of the street, moreover vegetation has been introduced as well as cyclist lanes and street furniture. Source: Author Source: Author 2
Daniel Brink 381157 12 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 2 1 1 Scale: 1:15000 Moving Through Space and Time to...44 Stanley Recommendation 7, shows the introduction of street furniture, widening of the pavement, as well as cuclist lanes and im- proved vegetation. Source: Author Source: Author Source: Author Source: Author 2
Source: Author Daniel Brink 381157 13
Destination Point: 44 Stanley EMPIRE ROAD STANLEY AVE EMPIRE ROAD OWLST 1ST STREET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET 8TH STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET SEVENTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE KATJEPIERINGSTR FALCON STR NAPIER ROAD MARIE ROAD LIME STR ORANGESTR D 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR RINGROAD SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE HODES AVE PARK ROAD CEDAR AVE YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 32 The form of 44 Stanley is characterised by a number of little pockets of space which are defined by the configuration of Architecture around them which contains a variety of mixed uses from Residential and Commercial Office Space to Business Activity and makes it a robust Place within a Space 1 23 Source: Author Scale: 1:15000 Source: Author Source: Author 1 Source: Author Daniel Brink 381157 14
Daniel Brink 381157 15 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 21 Destination Point 44: Stanley 1 Scale: 1:15000 The above image represents the variety of mixed-land use in the 44 stanley precinct, where: The red shaded area represents business land uses, the orange shaded area represents Residential land uses and the blue shaded area represents commercial office land use. Source: Author Source: Author 2
Daniel Brink 381157 16 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 2 1 Destination Point 44: Stanley 1 Scale: 1:15000 According to Sennett (2009) the most important fact about the public realm is what happens in it. Gathering together strangers enables certain kinds of activities which cannot happen, or do not happen as well, in the intimate private realm. The dimensions and configuration of architecture is vastly different from that of Old Mutual Spors Hall, where 44 Stanley is comprised of smaller more intimate pockets of space to provide for its variety of uses brining togther a community of people, oppossed to the wide and tall halls of ‘OMSH’ which can provide for such activities like Gymnastics and Rock Climbing. Source: Author Source: Author 2
Daniel Brink 381157 17 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 21 1 Scale: 1:15000 Moving Through Space and Time to...Empire Road BRT Rcommendation 8, shows the configuration of the pavement to provide seating pockets of space for pedestrians to encourage people watching, as well as imporoved vegetation and the introduction of cyclist lanes. Source: Author Source: Author 2
Daniel Brink 381157 18 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 21 1 Scale: 1:15000 Moving Through Space and Time to...Empire Road BRT Recommendation 9, shows the introduction of cyclist lanes and the widening of the pavement, as well as the provision of vegetation and widening of the street, coupled with the provision of street furniture to improve the environment Source: Author Source: Author 2
Daniel Brink 381157 19 Source: Author
Daniel Brink 381157 20 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 2 1 1 Scale: 1:15000 Transport Interchange...Empire Road BRT Recommendation 10 - shows the introduction of cyclist lanes, in order to make the environment more democratic as well as to provide more access for pedestrians to the city by providing n alternative means of transport in a form of non-motorised transport - What is more, we can see the addition of street furniture for pedestrians to wait for transport while indulging in treats from formalised informal trading vendors, while at the same time enjoying the vegetation introduced into the space. 2 Source: Author Source: Author
Conclusion A number of recurring flaws in the spatial components of the different environments throughout the journey from point A to point B to Point C, most of which include the need to widen sidewalks in order to make the street environment more firendly, safe and deomcratic to all pedestrian and non-motorised transport users. What is more, the degree to which environments can perform well is highly dependent firstly on there spatial ordering system, where the areas of vrededorp do not perform relates back to a turbulent cultural and political history which shaped the streets and even after years of improvement they still struggle to perform as a pedestrian friendly environment, due to lack of magnets attracting investment and local surveillance to make the street more vibrant. Areas which perform a lot better, such as 44 Stanley and Old Mutual Sports Hall, are both supported with either public-transport systems or private transport systems as well as managing bodies, which are responsible for the improvement of their facillities and environments as well as the extent to which the structure components and form components are configured in a way to create well-performing spaces. Thusly, a number interventions which will require the facillitation of a managing body, are available to increase the extent to which the underperforming areas can perform. Daniel Brink 381157 According to (2009) the devil in modern urban planning is that the contrary condition of the inert, closed boundary, constructed by a much less solid and fixed sort of wall. Highways cut through cities are the obvious example: crossing through six or eight lanes of traffic is perilous; the sides of highways in cities tend to become withered spaces; these invisible walls infamously have been used to mark off the territories seperating the rich from the poor, or race from race. Porosity is lacking, therefore a general rule in planning should be a motion serving as the instrument for making boundaries rather than borders. The simple solution for remedying borders and promoting boundaries is, pedestrianisation. However, this may be too simple, as banishing traffic tends to homogenise urban space, pedestrians zones becoming shopping malls rather than serving complex needs of production and work as well as consumption. We know that the democratic city is generally a utopian vision to achieve, however by interrogating and grappling with environments by analysing their Structure and Form, will always fall into the paradigm of space and time - in relation to how these to characteristics which come with their own limitations in dimension, history and government policy. We can recommend and induce urban design interventions through the information of precedent and principles of theory to attempt to create the open city.Fig 9 - Bibliography Fig 10 - Bibliography 21
References Chermayeff, S. and Alexander, C. (1963). Community and Privacy, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Norberg-Schulz, C. (2003) The Phenomenon of Place in A.R Cuthbert (editor) Designing Cities: Critical Readings in Urban Design, London: Blackwell Publishing, p. 116-127. Lynch, Kevin (1984) Good City Form. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Lynch, Kevin (1960). Image of the City. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Montgomery, J. (1998). Making a City: Urbanity, Vitality and Urban Design, Journal of Urban Design, vol.3, no. 1, 93-116. Sennett, R. (2009) Quant: The Public Realm. Available online at http://www.richardsennett.com/site/ senn/templates/general2.aspx?pageid=16&cc=gb Bachelard, G. (1994) “The Poetics of Space”, Boston, Beacon. Fig, 1 - http://digitalhint.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/miscellaneous_digital_art_curvation_of_space- time-wallpaper.jpg Fig 2 - http://www.viewfromaboveco.za/galleries/JHB027.jpg Fig 3 - http://www.heritageportal.co.za/sites/default/files/styles/threshold-1382/public/field/image/Pa- geview%20Old.jpg?itok=G2Laa87f Fig 4 - http://www.heritageportal.co.za/sites/default/files/article-images/Old%20Buildings%20of%20 Driefontein%20Diagram.jpg Fig 5 - http://www.artgalleryofballarat.com.au/media/95118/concrete-jungle-margaret-metcalfe.jpg Fig 6 - http://c300221.r21.cf1.rackcdn.com/adaptive-roots-in-the-concrete-jungle-1344307336_b.jpg Fig 7 - http://s3images.coroflot.com/user_files/individual_files/original_202601_aaQqXWX2fMbJWkl9U- vO70IDv9.png Fig 8 - http://www.demilked.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/street-art-interacting-with-na- ture-surroundings-2.jpg Fig 9 - http://www.kireei.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/6a00d8341bfb1653ef01a73df11487970d.jpg Fig 10 - http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VNH_lKpbM_c/Usp8V4Gj2AI/AAAAAAAACEw/tBiGfmajm5E/s1600/ S4wFlyingHigh198AerialViwOf_Place_dEtoile.jpg 22Daniel Brink 381157

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ARPL 3003_2015_Task 6a+b(final)_Daniel_Brink

  • 1.
  • 2. “The views of space and time which I wish to lay before you have sprung from the soil of experimental physics, space by itself, and time by itself, are doomed to fade away into mere shadows, and only a kind of union of the two will preserve an independent reality.” This new reality was that space and time, as physical constructs, have to be combined into a new mathematical/physical entity called ‘space-time’, because the equations of relativity show that both the space and time coordinates of any event must get mixed together by the mathematics, in order to accurately describe what we see. Because space consists of 3 dimensions, and time is 1-dimensional, space-time must, therefore, be a 4-dimensional object. So, physicists now routinely consider our world to be embedded in this 4-dimensional Space-Time continuum, and all events, places, moments in history, actions and so on are described in terms of their location in Space-Time. ...Albert Einstein. “This adventure is made possible by generations of searchers strictly adherent to a simple set of rules. Test ideas by experiments and observations. Build on those ideas that pass the test. Reject the ones that fail. Follow the evidence wherever it leads, and question everything. Accept these terms, and the cosmos is yours.” “There are as many atoms in each molecule of your DNA as there are stars in the typical galaxy. This is true for dogs, and bears, and every living thing. We are, each of us, a little universe.” We are part of this universe; we are in this universe, but perhaps more important than both of those facts, is that the universe is in us. ....Neil deGrasse Tyson. Source: Author & (Fig1) - Bibliography
  • 3. Contents Introduction..............................................................................1 Abstract....................................................................................2 Context of Journey...................................................................4 Point of Departure....................................................................5 Moving through Space and Time to 44 Stanley........................6 44Stanley.................................................................................13 Destination Point: 44 Stanley...................................................14 Moving Through Space and Time to...Empire BRT.................17 Empire Road BRT...................................................................19 Transport interchange: Empire Road BRT..............................20 Conclusion..............................................................................21 References.............................................................................22 Daniel Brink 381157
  • 4. Introduction The Point of Departure of this Journey is the Old Mutual Sports Hall at Wits University. The Structure component of this Journey defines the underlying Spatial, Environmental, Economic and Political frameworks that OMSH is influenced by They begin here as having an exclusionary character. These frameworks shall change throughout this Journey. According to Sennett (2009) one spatial distinction which helps us engage actively with the changing context of time lies in the defference between borders and bundaries. The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, is situated in the northern areas of central Johannesburg. The university has its roots in the mining industry, as do Johannesburg and the Witwatersrand in general. Founded in 1896 as the South African School of Mines in Kimberley, it is the third oldest South African university. The destination point of this journey is the 44 Stanley precinct, which is followed by its connection to its closest Transport interchange on Empire road, both of these destination points are enclosed by the greater suburb of Braamfontein Werf. Both the above mentioned spaces have interesting histories and complex underlying spatial ordering system because of it, this spatial orderintg system has great implications on the configuration of its spatial form. According to Sennett (2009) In natural ecologies, borders are the zones in a habitat where organisms become more inter-active, due to the meeting of different species or physical conditions. Braamfontein Werf was approved as a township in September 1914. “The name comes from early Johannesburg days when there was a farmyard: Afrikaans ‘werf in the area on which a servitude in 1887 for a road to Barber’s mill on the present day Sans Souci was granted. Milpark or Braamfontein Werf was shaped by many Historical factors which define it today. According to Bachelard (1994) in order to illustrate the metaphysics of conciosness we should have to wait for the experiences during which being is castout, that is to say, thrown out, outside the being of the house, a circumstance in which the hostility of men and of the universe accumulates. As we move in time and space to other locations on our journey to places in space which have different structure and form characteristics, we will penetrate some extremely historically rich areas with spatial implications, such as vrededorp, formerly know as fietas. The history of this area has structural implications on the way the space is configured in the present day, where its streets form part of the greater framework. Fietas was an integrated community, not unlike District Six and Sophiatown, and was also destroyed by forced removals as a result of the Group Areas Act. The majority of the inhabitants moved to Lenasia and Soweto between 1956 and 1977, and the area was declared ‘White”. This led to fierce resistance that continued into the 1980s. Point of Departure: Old Mutual Sports Hall Journey/s Destination: 44 Stanley & Empire Road Source: Fig 3 - BibliographySource: Fig 2 - Bibliography Source: Fig 4 - Bibliography Daniel Brink 381157 1
  • 5. Daniel Brink 381157 2 Abstract According to Sennett (2009) the cities everyone wants to live in would be clean and safe, possess efficent public services, support a dynamic economy, provide cultural stimulation, and help hel society’s divisions of race, class, and ethinicity. These are not the cities we live in. This is so in part because the city is not it’s own master; cities can fail on all these counts due to national government policy or to social ills and economic forces beyond local control (Sennett, 2009). The public realm offers pople a chance to lighten the pressures for conformity, of fitting into a fixed role in the socai order; anonymity and impersonality provide a milieu for more individual development. This promise of turning a fresh personal page among strangers has lured many migrants to cities (Sennett, 2009). The premise of this Graphical Narrative from the point of departure at old mutual sports hall, to 44 Stanley and then finally to the transport interchange, is to uncover and analyse the spatial dimensions of the environment and the degree to which its underlying spatial components and its spatial ordering system allows it to perform well as a place within a space. Related to this are the notions of Space and Performance which are a product of the underlying conditions. The narrative will penetrate the urban fabric of three distinct areas which are configured through the confines or freedoms of their underlying spatial ordering system, we wiil move through time and space and analyse the contrasting conditions which make a space a place, as well as how they hinder their ability to perform well or be considered as democratic space. Related to this are the notions of Structure and form which define the solids and voids and the ability of them to be configured for successful and performing Places in SpacesSource: Author Source: Author Source: Author Source: AuthorSource: Author
  • 6. Daniel Brink 381157 3 Never known, what happiness is, I’ve never known, what sweet caress is, yeah! Still, I’ll be always laughing like a clown... “Concrete Jungle” No sun will shine in my day today... The high yellow moon won’t come out to play... I said darkness has covered my light, And has changed my day into night, yeah! Where is the love to be found? Won’t someone tell me ‘cause, Life, sweet life, must be somewhere to be found... out there somewhere for me, Instead of concrete jungle... I said where the living is hardest, Concrete jungle! Man, you got to do your best, concrete jungle! No chains around my feet... But I’m not free, I know I am bounded in captivity...oh now! Source: Author & ( Fig 5 ; Fig 6; Fig 7; Fig 8) - Bibliography Oh someone help me ‘cause I... I’ve got to pick myself from off the ground... In this ya concrete jungle! I said, what do you got for me now? Concrete jungle! Why won’t you let me be now? I said that life, sweet life...must be somewhere, to be found... out there somewhere for me Oh, instead...concrete jungle! Collusion, Confusion... Concrete jungle! we’ve made it, We’ve got it. In Concrete jungle now... What do you got for me now?
  • 7. Daniel Brink 381157 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST STREET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREE BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE ROAD LIME STR ORANGESTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL RHODES AVE RHODES AVE YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY Context of Journey 1 Source: Author 1 4 Scale: 1:10000
  • 8. 1 Daniel Brink 381157 5 Scale: 1:15000 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST ET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET REET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET TH STREET 10TH STREET TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET ENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 0THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD UNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL RHODES AVE RHODES AVE YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY Point of Departure...Old Mutual Sports Hall The Form of Old mutual Sports Hall, characterises it as one which has various inner and outer linkages, OMSH’s form is neatly located, the Voids as well as the Architecture around it envelopes it into the broader frameworks of Wits and together the Form and the Underlying Structure of OMSH allows it become a Place within a Space. Source: Author Source: Author 1 2 21
  • 9. EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 21 Moving through Space and Time to...44 Stanley 1 Daniel Brink 381157 6 Scale: 1:15000 The green shaded areas in the image above represents a soft edge conditiion and the green lines represent the presence of a cyclist lane which makes the street more democratic, there is also potentail to improve informal trders stalls, what is more, the red represents narrow sidwalks. In recommendation 1, we can see that the pavements have been widened, more lighting has been made available and the interface of pedestrian and cyclist lanes have made the street more democratic. Source: Author Source: Author 2
  • 10. Daniel Brink 381157 7 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 21 Moving through Space and Time to...44 Stanley 1 Scale: 1:15000 As we move out of Wits, the Structure of the Space we find ourselves in has changed, we have moved from a semi-private space to a public space and we can see that the form of the buildings around it provide a very different space, a one which is quite intimidating. Recommendation 2, shows provision of street furniture and widening of pavements as well as improvement of lighting in this dangerous and intimidating area in order to increase passive surveillance and democracy of the space. 2 Source: Author Source: Author
  • 11. Daniel Brink 381157 8 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 2 1 Moving through Space and Time to...44 Stanley 1 Scale: 1:15000 Recommendation 3, shows improved vegetation in the wasted land in the centre of the street as well as street furniture and the upgrading of informal trading stands into more robust forms, which will enhance their business. Source: Author Source: Author 2
  • 12. Daniel Brink 381157 9 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 2 1 Moving through Space and Time to...44 Stanley 1 Scale: 1:15000 Recommendatio 4, shows the improvement of vegetaton, as well as the inclusion cyclist lanes and street furniture. Source: Author Source: Author 2
  • 13. Daniel Brink 381157 10 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 2 1 Moving through Space and Time to...44 Stanley 1 Scale: 1:15000 Recommendation 5, , shows informal traders whom have been encouraged with better infrastructure and the street has been enhanced with the provision of seating and tables to encourage people watching. Source: Author Source: Author 2
  • 14. Daniel Brink 381157 11 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 21 1 Scale: 1:15000 Moving Through Space and Time to...44 Stanley Recommendation 6, shows the improvement of edge conditions as well as pavement width and the quality of the cobbling of the street, moreover vegetation has been introduced as well as cyclist lanes and street furniture. Source: Author Source: Author 2
  • 15. Daniel Brink 381157 12 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 2 1 1 Scale: 1:15000 Moving Through Space and Time to...44 Stanley Recommendation 7, shows the introduction of street furniture, widening of the pavement, as well as cuclist lanes and im- proved vegetation. Source: Author Source: Author Source: Author Source: Author 2
  • 17. Destination Point: 44 Stanley EMPIRE ROAD STANLEY AVE EMPIRE ROAD OWLST 1ST STREET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET 8TH STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET SEVENTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE KATJEPIERINGSTR FALCON STR NAPIER ROAD MARIE ROAD LIME STR ORANGESTR D 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR RINGROAD SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE HODES AVE PARK ROAD CEDAR AVE YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 32 The form of 44 Stanley is characterised by a number of little pockets of space which are defined by the configuration of Architecture around them which contains a variety of mixed uses from Residential and Commercial Office Space to Business Activity and makes it a robust Place within a Space 1 23 Source: Author Scale: 1:15000 Source: Author Source: Author 1 Source: Author Daniel Brink 381157 14
  • 18. Daniel Brink 381157 15 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 21 Destination Point 44: Stanley 1 Scale: 1:15000 The above image represents the variety of mixed-land use in the 44 stanley precinct, where: The red shaded area represents business land uses, the orange shaded area represents Residential land uses and the blue shaded area represents commercial office land use. Source: Author Source: Author 2
  • 19. Daniel Brink 381157 16 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 2 1 Destination Point 44: Stanley 1 Scale: 1:15000 According to Sennett (2009) the most important fact about the public realm is what happens in it. Gathering together strangers enables certain kinds of activities which cannot happen, or do not happen as well, in the intimate private realm. The dimensions and configuration of architecture is vastly different from that of Old Mutual Spors Hall, where 44 Stanley is comprised of smaller more intimate pockets of space to provide for its variety of uses brining togther a community of people, oppossed to the wide and tall halls of ‘OMSH’ which can provide for such activities like Gymnastics and Rock Climbing. Source: Author Source: Author 2
  • 20. Daniel Brink 381157 17 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 21 1 Scale: 1:15000 Moving Through Space and Time to...Empire Road BRT Rcommendation 8, shows the configuration of the pavement to provide seating pockets of space for pedestrians to encourage people watching, as well as imporoved vegetation and the introduction of cyclist lanes. Source: Author Source: Author 2
  • 21. Daniel Brink 381157 18 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 21 1 Scale: 1:15000 Moving Through Space and Time to...Empire Road BRT Recommendation 9, shows the introduction of cyclist lanes and the widening of the pavement, as well as the provision of vegetation and widening of the street, coupled with the provision of street furniture to improve the environment Source: Author Source: Author 2
  • 22. Daniel Brink 381157 19 Source: Author
  • 23. Daniel Brink 381157 20 EMPIRE ROAD EMPIRE ROAD OWLST REET ENOCH SONTONGA AVE SOLOMONSTREET BARRYHERTZOG 3RD STREET 2ND STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET STREET 9TH STREET 12TH STREET 4TH STREET 10TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 16TH STREET HULLSTREET NTEENTH STREET ANNETROAD FROST AVE LIME STR ORANGESTR 19THSTR 20THSTR 21STSTR 22NDSTR SUBWAYSTR GALE ROAD BUNTING ROAD C A M P B E LL DOVETON ROAD RHODES AVE RHODES AVE RH O DES AVE RHODES AVE LOCH AVE ESCOMBE AVE PARK ROAD YALEROAD M1HIGHWAY 2 1 1 Scale: 1:15000 Transport Interchange...Empire Road BRT Recommendation 10 - shows the introduction of cyclist lanes, in order to make the environment more democratic as well as to provide more access for pedestrians to the city by providing n alternative means of transport in a form of non-motorised transport - What is more, we can see the addition of street furniture for pedestrians to wait for transport while indulging in treats from formalised informal trading vendors, while at the same time enjoying the vegetation introduced into the space. 2 Source: Author Source: Author
  • 24. Conclusion A number of recurring flaws in the spatial components of the different environments throughout the journey from point A to point B to Point C, most of which include the need to widen sidewalks in order to make the street environment more firendly, safe and deomcratic to all pedestrian and non-motorised transport users. What is more, the degree to which environments can perform well is highly dependent firstly on there spatial ordering system, where the areas of vrededorp do not perform relates back to a turbulent cultural and political history which shaped the streets and even after years of improvement they still struggle to perform as a pedestrian friendly environment, due to lack of magnets attracting investment and local surveillance to make the street more vibrant. Areas which perform a lot better, such as 44 Stanley and Old Mutual Sports Hall, are both supported with either public-transport systems or private transport systems as well as managing bodies, which are responsible for the improvement of their facillities and environments as well as the extent to which the structure components and form components are configured in a way to create well-performing spaces. Thusly, a number interventions which will require the facillitation of a managing body, are available to increase the extent to which the underperforming areas can perform. Daniel Brink 381157 According to (2009) the devil in modern urban planning is that the contrary condition of the inert, closed boundary, constructed by a much less solid and fixed sort of wall. Highways cut through cities are the obvious example: crossing through six or eight lanes of traffic is perilous; the sides of highways in cities tend to become withered spaces; these invisible walls infamously have been used to mark off the territories seperating the rich from the poor, or race from race. Porosity is lacking, therefore a general rule in planning should be a motion serving as the instrument for making boundaries rather than borders. The simple solution for remedying borders and promoting boundaries is, pedestrianisation. However, this may be too simple, as banishing traffic tends to homogenise urban space, pedestrians zones becoming shopping malls rather than serving complex needs of production and work as well as consumption. We know that the democratic city is generally a utopian vision to achieve, however by interrogating and grappling with environments by analysing their Structure and Form, will always fall into the paradigm of space and time - in relation to how these to characteristics which come with their own limitations in dimension, history and government policy. We can recommend and induce urban design interventions through the information of precedent and principles of theory to attempt to create the open city.Fig 9 - Bibliography Fig 10 - Bibliography 21
  • 25. References Chermayeff, S. and Alexander, C. (1963). Community and Privacy, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Norberg-Schulz, C. (2003) The Phenomenon of Place in A.R Cuthbert (editor) Designing Cities: Critical Readings in Urban Design, London: Blackwell Publishing, p. 116-127. Lynch, Kevin (1984) Good City Form. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Lynch, Kevin (1960). Image of the City. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Montgomery, J. (1998). Making a City: Urbanity, Vitality and Urban Design, Journal of Urban Design, vol.3, no. 1, 93-116. Sennett, R. (2009) Quant: The Public Realm. Available online at http://www.richardsennett.com/site/ senn/templates/general2.aspx?pageid=16&cc=gb Bachelard, G. (1994) “The Poetics of Space”, Boston, Beacon. Fig, 1 - http://digitalhint.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/miscellaneous_digital_art_curvation_of_space- time-wallpaper.jpg Fig 2 - http://www.viewfromaboveco.za/galleries/JHB027.jpg Fig 3 - http://www.heritageportal.co.za/sites/default/files/styles/threshold-1382/public/field/image/Pa- geview%20Old.jpg?itok=G2Laa87f Fig 4 - http://www.heritageportal.co.za/sites/default/files/article-images/Old%20Buildings%20of%20 Driefontein%20Diagram.jpg Fig 5 - http://www.artgalleryofballarat.com.au/media/95118/concrete-jungle-margaret-metcalfe.jpg Fig 6 - http://c300221.r21.cf1.rackcdn.com/adaptive-roots-in-the-concrete-jungle-1344307336_b.jpg Fig 7 - http://s3images.coroflot.com/user_files/individual_files/original_202601_aaQqXWX2fMbJWkl9U- vO70IDv9.png Fig 8 - http://www.demilked.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/street-art-interacting-with-na- ture-surroundings-2.jpg Fig 9 - http://www.kireei.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/6a00d8341bfb1653ef01a73df11487970d.jpg Fig 10 - http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VNH_lKpbM_c/Usp8V4Gj2AI/AAAAAAAACEw/tBiGfmajm5E/s1600/ S4wFlyingHigh198AerialViwOf_Place_dEtoile.jpg 22Daniel Brink 381157