Forum Nokia Dev. Camp - WRT training Paris_17&18 Nov.

Agenda Day1 • Welcome! • Forum Nokia • WRT widget in nutshell • Towards an excellent UX • Going inside the widget Day2 • Exercises

Web Runtime and Nokia

Our Developer Offering: elegantly connected services Services Level Apps Level Platform Level Nokia platforms Desktop OSs

Cross-platform evolution expands opportunities Next Desktop Series 40* Symbian Maemo Enables rich service crea9on on supported pla2orms using Web Web eb standard W technology Web Run.me Flash Flash Flash Lite Flash Java Java SE Java ME Enables fast applica.on and UI development across mobile and Native Web desktop pla2orms Qt Web Runtime and Qt close the gap between mobile and desktop development 5 Web Run9me and Qt have only limited use on Series 40 * selected Series 40 devices

S60 Internet evolution Widgets + Platform Full HTML browser Widgets offer focused, Mobile-optimized sites Services offer lets mobile consumers optimized front-ends to serve specific needs seamless integration of experience the Web-based information and tasks the Web with personal complete Web and services context

Definition of widget • Lightweight mobile applications that give users easy access to the web • The easiest way to bring web-based business to millions of Nokia mobile devices  Develop WRT widgets using standards-based web technologies (e.g. HTML, CSS, Javascript, AJAX)  Install and run on Nokia devices like any native application  Provide an optimised web experience accessible with a single click Application like delivery Visible in the UI Familiar HTML, Javascript, and CSS

Platform services

Widgets and platform services • Framework for abstracting access to a set of services • Runtime specific bindings and security management • Access Platform Services through JavaScript • Example use cases: • Combine Web-based data with local context to deliver personalized, relevant services • Save critical Web-based contacts and events locally to create reliable, dependable reminders

Home screen

What is home screen content? Nokia N97 onwards Dynamic, user configurable content on home screen Size depending on device • Nokia N97: 309x85 pixels End-user controls the home screen layout • What content is show • Layout of the shown content Note! Some content defined as mandatory by the device

What about home screen widget? Home screen content vs. home screen widget? • Widget for developers… • Content for consumers! Content can be published by Symbian C++ application or S60 Web Runtime widget End-user interaction: • Add / remove home screen content • Tap content to open widget full screen view

Devices

Nokia widgets compatible devices http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_webruntime_1.html

Towards an excellent UX

Designing widgets – usability guidelines for widgets How to design the widget so that it can best serve its users? • Various form factors: • Multiple screen sizes • Support for different input methods and ways to use (touch, non-touch, QWERTY, ITU-T…) • Home screen, sensors, tactile feedback…

Know your users • Find out who will use the widget, what they will use it for, and which mobile devices they have? • Analyse user and their tasks: combine data and platform services to provide perfect end-user experience • Supported devices? • Designing for a specific context of use • More info? See also ’Usability in a mobile application development project’ http://library.forum.nokia.com/topic/ Design_and_User_Experience_Library/GUID-D4AFE068-97E8-487A- A79B-CE1422127623.html

Design for small screens • Small screen size: only relevant content • 240 x 320 pixels portrait • 320 x 240 pixels landscape • 360 x 640 pixels portrait • 640 x 360 pixels landscape • 800 x 352 pixels landscape (Nokia E90) • One or more displays in single device • Use JavaScript to determine the size – relative positions

Design for multiple screen sizes • Relate the position and size of each control to the dimensions of the display. • Cascading style sheet (CSS) to specify relative measurements: fonts, margins, images… .button { .button { width: 116px; width: 80px; height: 37px; height: 25px; background: background: url(images/small_button_bg.png) url(images/button_bg.png) no-repeat; no-repeat; color: #ffffff; color: #ffffff; font-size: 14px; font-size: 20px;

Design for changing screen orientation • Support for screen rotation: adapt content to it’s best on portrait and landscape • Reacting to change: JavaScript ’onresize’ function • Calculate the effective area e.g. from ’window.innerHeight’

Intuitive ways of moving • You can use different navigation modes on mobile - five way navigation: • Cursor navigation • Tab navigation • Customized navigation • Avoid scroll and type • One hand usage

Design for limited input methods • eypad K • Softkeys (platform or custom) • Navigation on screen (cursor, tab or custom navigation) • Typing (text or numbers) • Selecting items in lists (e.g. HTML ’select’) • ouch T • Checking touch support • Touch areas needs to be big enough: finger usability • JavaScript ’onClick’ handler (e.g. with image buttons) • Tactile feedback

Responsiveness and power management Keep response times short • Latency can cause delays in user interaction: frustrated end- user • Indicators for progress Save battery time • Timers • Network connections

S60 WebKit

Open source browser engine: WebKit S60 Browser and Web Runtime are based on WebKit Native C/C++ Web S60 Browser UI Widget Runtime Widgets “Web Capable” Browser S60 plug-ins, incl. Flash Lite, SVG, and Browser control API audio. WebCore JavaScript Platform Services UI S60 Core Integration features WebKit KHTML KJS (LGPL+BSD) (LGPL) OS adaptations Memory manager More information about Webkit: http://www.webkit.org

Web Runtime S60 Browser engine: • Comprising core components such as the XML engine, HTML parser, JavaScript Native C/C+ + Widgets Web engine, CSS processor, rendering engine “Web Capable” Browser etc. Web Run-Time Web Tech Web applications and Widgets as client applications Platform Libraries and Middleware Symbian OS JavaScript as application programming Hardware language • Access to Platform Services (Calendar, Location, Media files…)

S60 WRT widget dissolved

WRT widget ingredients Widget properties info.plist (mandatory) + [name].html (mandatory) HTML backbone icon.png [name].css [name].js PNG icon + CSS layout Root + folder! js logic 28

HTML <html> Defines the <head> .. </head> <body id="body"> structure of <div id=‘mainView’> </div> <span class=‘title’>Front view</span> the widget. <div id=‘subView1’ class=‘subView’> <p class=‘title’>Back view</p> </div> <div id=‘subView2’ class=‘subView’> <p class=‘title’>Config view</p> </div> </body> </html> Views can be constructed with static HTML elements or can be dynamically created by JavaScript at runtime.

info.plist ... <plist version="1.0"> The heart of <dict> <key>DisplayName</key> the widget <string>AccuWidget</string> <key>Identifier</key> <string>com.nokia.forum.accuwidget </string> <key>MainHTML</key> <string>accuwidget.html</string> <key>AllowNetworkAccess</key> <true /> ... Info.plist file defines the widget. It is a XML text file providing information about the components and features of this specific widget.

CSS // Class selector to define common style for similar components .title { Style and layout font-size: 26px; color: blue; information } .subView { display: none • Defines how to } // Id selector to define a unique style for a unique display HTML component #mainView { font-size: 16px; element: position, color: red; text-align: center; } color, background // Pseudo-class selector to color etc. design a pattern style div.subview div { margin: 10px 0 0 0; CSS information can be } padding: 20px 20px 20px 20px; . . . embedded in the HTML file or imported from an external styleheet

JavaScript Event handling XMLHttpRequest DOM manipulation UI effects UI tweaking

How do I code then?

Aptana Studio and Nokia WRT plugin Nokia’s WRT 2.2 plugin for Aptana Studio: • Creation, editing, testing, and deployment of WRT widgets www.aptana.com/nokia

WRT JavaScript extensions – widget object URL + application launching identifier simple text key storing display orientation navigation model basic view switch animation show/hide events widget.openApplication(0x100058F8, ""); widget.openURL("http://www.S60.com");

WRT JavaScript extensions - Menu menu and MenuItem:

Localization support Language directories CSS display name strings resources (e.g. images) Auto detection for locale Default files in widget package root

Packaging and distribution Zip the files …rename to .wgz MIME type Server: x-nokia-widget Pre-installed WRT widgets

Communication - AJAX WRT Widgets single HTML file Perform operations update UI maintain UI responsiveness Async communication facilities needed

HTTP request – how to? XMLHttpRequest html XML text JSON

Libraries – easier approach jQuery MooTools

Deployment / Testing Target device Bluetooth Web USB SDK Emulator Desktop browser

Home screen: the implementation

Home screen or full screen? WRT widget enabled to home screen (HS) Home screen view Full screen view implements 2 views • Home screen view • Full screen view HS communicates to widget when end- user interacts with HS • onload() and onresize() as widget side interface functions • JavaScript code to determine current view size – correct view rendered

Creating and designing home screen content Dynamic content but • Remove animations, videos etc. • Use JavaScript timers to refresh Indicate when refreshed last time Consider handling of error cases Limit the amount of shown data • Optimized content improves UX • Appealing HS content: end-user goes to full screen view! Be scalable – use relative values

Better UX for widgets – observing network status • Widget needs to know if network available or not: • Hiding nasty ‘cannot access…’ situations from end-user • Better UX, providing info about the content validity: • Is content up-to-date? • Is widget able to refresh the content at the moment? • New APIs available (with WRT 7.x): • Observe status changes: window.ononline! window.onoffline • Retrieve the current status: window.navigator.onLine

How to observe changes? • Register handler: window.ononline/window.onoffline! • Use window.navigator.onLine to check the status function init()! {! window.ononline = accessHandler;! window.onoffline = accessHandler;! ...! function accessHandler()! {! switch (window.navigator.onLine) {! case 0:! ! ! noNetwork();! ! break;! case 1:! ! networkAvailable();! ...!

Network status – what does it mean? NetworkNotAllowe d info.pli st! <key>AllowNetworkAccess</key> ! <false/>! • API for requesting current network status: window.navigator.onLine! • Info can be used to e.g. modify the home NetworkAccessAllowe d info.pli st! <key>AllowNetworkAccess</key> ! <false/>! screen content based on network availability • Returns Nokia specific values: NetworkAccessible info.pli !window.navigator.NetworkNotAllowed ! st! <key>AllowNetworkAccess</key> ! <false/>! !window.navigator.NetworkAccessAllowed ! !window.navigator.NetworkAccessible! • Enum, can be used with switch – case

No network connection allowed NetworkNotAllowed info.plist! 1) <key>AllowNetworkAccess</key> ! <false/>! 2) 3) (1 || 2 || 3) == true!

Access allowed – no active connection NetworkAccessAllowed info.plist! 1) <key>AllowNetworkAccess</key> ! <true/>! 2) 3) (1 && 2 && 3) == true!

Access allowed - active connection established Active Internet connection NetworkAccessible info.plist! 4) 1) <key>AllowNetworkAccess</key> ! <true/>! 2) 3) (1 && 2 && 3 && 4) == true!

Platform Services

WRT 1.0 vs. WRT 1.1 • 1.0 offering limited due to security considerations • 1.1 available 5th Edition onwards (also for some 3rd. Ed. devices) • What’s Nokia Platform Services 2.0 then? • JavaScript API wrapper on top of the WRT 1.1 API: even easier and extended access to platform services

WRT 1.0 – system info for widgets HTML: <embed type="application/x- systeminfo-widget” hidden="yes”>! </embed>! JavaScript:

WRT 1.1 – comprehensive set of APIs http://library.forum.nokia.com/topic/Web_Developers_Library/ GUID-46EABDC1-37CB-412A-ACAD-1A1A9466BB68.html

Best of both worlds WRT+Qt

Our vision: Web into any application Now Web browser Web Runtime widget Now Open source WebKit is the foundation and common engine Widget + Now platform services Native application Next

Interact with Web Services QtWebKit allows • Intuitive use of network resources • Exposing QWidget to HTML and QObject to JavaScript • Calling JavaScript from C++ Based on the Open Source WebKit engine: www.webkit.org

QWebView and QWebPage classes QWebView inherited from QWidget • Renders the content in QWebPage QWebView • Easy to embed wherever widget could be used QWebPage provides access to the document QWebPage structure in a page • Frames QWebFrame • Navigation history • Undo/redo stack for editable content Each QWebpage has one QWebFrame object as its main frame HTML documents can be nested using frames QWebView *view = new QWebView( parent ); view->load(QUrl(“http://www.nokia.com”)); view->show();

Hybrid - combining the best of both worlds So you can run JS and HTML inside Qt application… What are the differences compared to a WRT widget? WRT Widget running on top of webkit Qt application Webkit QWebView running webkit Widgets HTML, CSS, Same HTML, CSS, JavaScript JavaScript Platform Services Native APIs Native APIs incl. Qt Mobility APIs Platform Services “Platform implementation Services” implementation

Webview demo Pure JS content run on top of Webkit Demonstrates different applications & look and feel • In the demo there’s BBC News, games like Rock-Paper- Scissors and Tic-Tac-Toe, Calculator and Bubble • Anything from web can be pulled to the hybrd container Statistics: Browser/ • 300 lines of C++ code (flick support ~200 lines) Standalone Qt C++ Hybrid Web runtime Application • Size of .sis file: 20 kB Application *) Services written in HTML, CSS, • Development time: approx. 5 hours Qt C++, Declarative JavaScript UI, Access to Qt

Examples and exercises 62

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Forum Nokia Dev. Camp - WRT training Paris_17&18 Nov.

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Forum Nokia Dev. Camp - WRT training Paris_17&18 Nov. Presentation Transcript