We present TOGO, a general model and a limited prototype of a contextual tourist mobile guide dedicated TO the city of GOrizia. Our goal is twofold: first, we offer contextual views to the users, and, second, we provide them with a personal workspace in which they can also create new, personalized paths. In order to capture semantic interconnections among data, we use advanced data structures called zz-structures, a graph-centric system of conventions for data and computing, able to simply offer semantic modalities of navigation.

1. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A.
SASWEB Research Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
University of Udine, ITALY
ITIS 2012, Doleniske Toplice, Slovenia
November 7-9, 2012
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

2. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
1 Introduction
Challenging Issues
Related Work
2 TOGO: a framework and a prototype
The TOGO architecture
The Contextual Knowledge
The zz-structure instantiation flow
The zz-structure instantiation
Use Cases
Navigation
Authoring Personal Paths
3 Conclusions and Future Work
Looking beyond: Go!
The App Now
Research Engine
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

3. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
Due to the wide diffusion of mobile systems (as tablet or
smartphone), the number of tourist mobile guides is rapidly
increasing (Kenteris, 2011).
A recent study on U.S. Android and iOS users revealed that
apps dominate mobile time spent accessing travel (95%),
versus only 5% dedicated to mobile websites (Nielsen, 2012).
They offer detailed information, and interesting tours related,
for example, to museums, cultural heritage, shopping,
attractions, services.
They also share some drawbacks as
i) the lack of customized and dedicated user workspaces;
ii) a limited semantic navigation;
iii) the lack of capability to create new tours and share them.
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

4. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Challenging Issues
We identified five challenging aspects for an innovative mobile
guide and concrete issues in the current systems:
Provide personalized content and views.
Enable user to author new tours.
Apply semantic relations.
Provide support to social aspects.
Provide contextual information and navigation.
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

5. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Related Work
Current mobile guides of (also international) museums suffer from
some limitations:
Mus´e du Louvre (http://www.louvre.fr/en): this app is rich
e
of information and multimedia contents, but it presents
navigation issues, and emphasizes disorientation.
MOMA (http://www.moma.org/explore/mobile/): although
this app helps the visitor with an audio support, it limits the
user navigation with rigid and predefined paths of visit.
AccessSights (Kr¨sche et al., 2004): subproject of
o
MobiDENK, this app assists tourists in a tour in the
Herrenhausen Gardens, in Hannover (Germany); also for blind
users, it works only inside the park.
GeoNotes (Espinoza et al., 2001): tourists can retrieve notes
regarding their current location and participate in the creation
of the information space, but presents a main weakness: the
trust of the information given by the community.
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

6. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
TOGO: a framework and a prototype
The TOGO mobile guide:
offers contextual and semantic navigation on the data;
introduces user personal workspaces and manages user
profiles;
enables the users to create and share news paths.
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

7. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
The TOGO architecture I
Figure : TOGO architecture
The main components of our architecture, distributed among
server and mobile client, are:
Model
Controller
View
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

8. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
The TOGO architecture II
Model: it contains data and knowledge and a set of
methods. The data is organized in two separated datasets,
Knowledge Base and User Profiles. This data is aggregated
and structured by: (a) the Contextual Knowledge and (b) the
User Model.
Controller: this component mediates between the Model and
the View. It has been organized in terms of a multi-agent
system, able to receive the user (and system) requests and
manage them in order to carry out the appropriate actions.
View: this component gives a graphical interface to the
Controller and Model activities. View implements different
screen panels, one for each type of content (e.g. personal user
workspace, specific items of the museum - rooms, plans,
collections).
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

9. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
The Contextual Knowledge I
The cultural heritage virtual tours, mainly based on mobile
guide, suffer from a rigid navigation.
In order to overcoming this issue and provide new, advanced,
and contextual navigation modalities, the TOGO navigation
model is based on zz-structures (Nelson, 2004, Dattolo
&Luccio, 2009).
Zz-structure
Zz-structure is an edge-colored multigraph, subject to the
following constraint: the degree of each node for a given color can
assume only three possible values: 0, 1, or 2.
For each color/label the multigraph presents or singletons, or
linear paths, or cycles.
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

10. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
The Contextual Knowledge II
Figure : Multiple starview
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

11. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
The Contextual Knowledge III
The nodes (zz-cells) represent rooms and objects of the
Coronini Museum
the colored (labeled) edges define semantic relations among
rooms and objects
from c1 we can reach all the semantically connected
information; they are identified by different colors and labels.
links connect the plans of different floors, the paintings,
elements visited by a specific user (a personal path), the
different rooms of the museum, the furnishes, and the
silverware present in it.
zz-structure can be created in a flexible way: each dimension
can contain one or more ranks and the logic mapping of ranks
and dimensions can be interchangeably arranged.
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

12. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
The zz-structure instantiation flow
Figure : zz-structure instantiation
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

13. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
The zz-structure instantiation
In our prototype the instantiation of the zz-structure containing
our case of study is made up of the following steps:
the agent zzXMLOperator pre-loads the XML Knowledge
Base, organized in terms of XML file containing the ‘items’
and ‘rooms’ details (data.xml), on the mobile client;
then zzXMLOperator dynamically defines the interconnections
(zz-dim between items and rooms zz-cell, inquiring the
XML documents containing:
the collections (collection.xml),
the plans (plan.xml),
the personalized paths (paths.xml),
the predefined tours (tour.xml),
the restauration (restauration.xml).
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

14. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Use Cases
The prototype TOGO is based on Flash technology, Action
Script language programming, and XML semi-structured
database.
We implement two use cases:
I Navigation
II Authoring Path
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

15. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Navigating though ranks and dimension
Figure : Navigation scenario
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

16. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Authoring Personal Paths
Figure : authoring scenario Starting from her personal
space, each user can
create a personal path
(‘Crea percorso/Create a
path’)
She chooses the
‘nome/name’, and adds all
the items/rooms that she
prefers (using the ‘+’
button)
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

17. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Conclusions
We presented TOGO, an innovative mobile guide which offers
contextual and semantic navigation on the data and user
personal workspaces.
Currently, we are working on the extension of the tier-layer of
our framework in order to:
support user recommendation,
harvest complex relationships among items,
enhance social aspects.
We called the new app simply Go! (for Gorizia). We would
like to present now, for you, in first preview, just some
features and screenshots of it in next slides.
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

18. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Looking beyond: Go!
Go! is the new version that uses HTML 5 and native codes for the
mobile systems.
In this new version there are:
1781 interesting sites about the city of Gorizia
728 interesting elements, splitted in 4 special buildings:
Palazzo Coronini Cronberg Museum
Gorizia’s Castle
De Grazia Palace
Santa Chiara Museum
The users have the possibility to give a rating to every interesting
element or site, or add them to the their personal paths.
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

19. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
The App Now
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

20. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Research Engine I
A new feature developed for the system is the internal Research
engine, that works with a special adaptive semantic algorithm
based on 3 types of tags (primary, secondary and referential) and
on synonyms.
The algorithm provides search results referring to a list of
5581 tags and 3225 synonyms.
The order of the results changes depending on previous
research carried out by the user: the selected elements with
greater frequency will have higher priority and will be
displayed in the top of the results list.
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

21. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Research Engine II
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

22. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Biblio I
Kenteris, M.; Gavalas, D.; Economou, D. Electronic mobile
guides: a survey. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 15(1),
pages 97-111, Springer London, 2011.
Nielsen.com, “Apps Dominate Mobile Time Spent Accessing
Travel in U.S.”, (29 Agosto 2012).
http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/online_mobile/
apps-dominate-mobile-time-spent-accessing-travel-in-u-s
Nelson, T. H. A cosmology for a different computer universe:
data model mechanism, virtual machine and visualization
infrastructure J. Digital Information 5(1), no. 298, 2004.
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

23. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Biblio II
Dattolo A., Luccio F. A formal description of ZigZag
Structures. Workshop on New Forms of Xanalogical Storage
and Function - HT 2009, pages 7-11, Turin, Italy, June 29-July
1, 2009.
“Mus´e du Louvre”, Paris, The mobile application.
e
http://www.louvre.fr/en. July, (2012).
Moma Mobile. The Museum of Modern Art, New York.
http://www.moma.org/explore/mobile. July, (2012).
Kr¨sche, J.; Baldzer, J.; Boll, S. mobiDENK - Mobile,
o
Location-Aware Multimedia Support in Modern Monument
Conservation, IEEE Multimedia, vol. 11, no. 1, (2004).
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

24. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Biblio III
Espinoza, F.; Persson, P.; Sandin, A.; H. Nystrm, Cacciatore,
E.;Bylund, M. GeoNotes: Social and Navigational Aspects of
Location-Based Information Systems, Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 43-44, (2001).
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide

25. Outline Introduction TOGO: a framework and a prototype Conclusions and Future Work
Thank you for the attention.
http://www.cego.uniud.it
For contacts: antonina.dattolo@uniud.it
Dattolo A., Pitassi E., Onza A., Urgolo A. TOGO: a Contextual Tourist Mobile Guide