Colombia's Democratic Security Strategy Restores Confidence and Rule of Law
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1. The document outlines Colombia's security strategy under President Alvaro Uribe from 2002-2010. It describes how Colombia in 2002 faced a crisis of rule of law due to high violence and threats from terrorist groups. 2. The strategy, called "Democratic Security", had the goals of increasing confidence, investment, and social cohesion by improving security. It focused on credibly confronting illegal armed groups through military efforts, intelligence, and citizen participation. 3. The strategy achieved significant results, including reducing homicides, kidnappings, and terrorist attacks by over 50%. It also boosted economic growth, foreign investment, education, health coverage, and reduced poverty and unemployment.
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Colombia's Democratic Security Strategy Restores Confidence and Rule of Law
- 1. Confidence and the rule of law The implementation of the Colombian Democratic Security Strategy ALVARO URIBE VELEZ SEPTEMBER 2012
- 2. Colombia in 2002: A Rule of Law crisis Colombia in 2002 was a fragile State The Colombian Paradox: a long and stable democracy in a permanent threat from terrorist groups, drug dealers and organized crime… Security 28.837 homicides 28882 kidnappings 69 homicides per 100.000 habitants 1645 terrorist attacks 350 mayors out of their municipalities 158 municipalities without police Economy Average Economic Growth 1994-2001: 2.1% GDP per Capita: US$2377 Investment as % of GDP: 16.5% Exports: US$11.975 million FDI: US$2.100 million Inflation: 6.99% Fiscal balance: -3.2% Social Unemployment: 16.2% Health Coverage: 25 million Colombians. Pension affiliates: 4.5 million Poverty:53% Education Coverage: Primary 97%, High school: 57%, University: 24%. Mobile Phone Lines: 4.6 million Internet coverage: 1.9 million
- 3. Rule of law was in jeopardy Colombia faced a Confidence Deficit (Without confidence no rule of law can exist) The elusive quest for peace Many governments exhausted all their political capital attempting to reach peace through political dialogue…the result was military strengthening from illegal armed groups and a rapid growth in their criminal activities (68% thought the country was going in a negative track) Terrorist Groups (Guerrillas and Paramilitaries) had created a sense of defeat in the Colombian people. Fear impacted in the Colombian people Mindset The lack of investment The drain of human capital The sense of danger in Colombian roads. The expansion of massive kidnappings created an emotional domino effect
- 4. Our vision Our vision was to build a Comunitary State: CONFIDENCE was our main goal Without Confidence: • NO INVESTMENT • UNEMPLOYMENT • LACK OF OPPORTUNITIES • BRAIN DRAIN (YOUNG PEOPLE WANTED TO LEAVE WITHOUT A RETURN TICKET) Three main Policies: Democratic Security Investment with fraternity Social cohesion For the First Time a National Development Agenda had Security as a driver of Development (Security = Investment = Social Cohesion) No more a debate between left and right
- 5. Our achievements The combination of our Policies produced significant results: Lowest violence levels in two decades, highest Security Economy Indicator 2002 2010 Homicides 28838 15000 Kidnappings 2882 228 Homicides per 100K Habitants 69 16.3 Terrorist attacks 1645 250 Municipalities without mayors presence 350 0 Municipalities without police 158 0 Indicator 2002 2010 Average Economic Growth 2.1% 4.3% GDP per Capita 2377 5300 Invest % GDP 16.5% 24.6% Exports US$11.0 00 US$ 39.000 FDI US$2.10 0 US$ 7.000 Inflation 6.9% 2.5% Social Indicator 2002 2010 Unemployment 16.2% 11.6% Health Coverage 25.1 million 43.1 million Pension affiliates 4.5 million 7.1 million Poverty 57% 37% Education coverage (Primary, Hs, University) 97% 57% 24% 100% 79.4% 35.5% Mobile phone users 4.6 million lines 41 million lines levels of social coverage in Colombian History and highest levels of Exports and FDI in more than 5 decades.
- 6. The story of how security made possible this change … is the one I want to share with you today…
- 7. DEMOCRATIC SECURITY General values Take conscience of the problem Fight fear Security as a Democratic Value Security and social cohesion Investment and social cohesion Security, investment and social cohesion Social Cohesion as de validator Citizen coalition Leadership Operational essence Credibility Macro vision-Micro Management Lead the armed forces Involve all the armed forces Citizen Participation Citizen Participation effects Financial sustainability A consistent speech Anticipate with the truth Implementation Assume Responsibility Promise commitment Intelligence Counter Intelligence Rewards Early victories Perseverance in moments of crisis Endurance in times of pressure Impact Give credit International cooperation Drugs and illicit crops Dismantle terrorist groups Expose criminals in the public spotlight Prevent youth recruitment Local power
- 8. General Values THE STRATEGIC BEGGINING
- 9. 1. Take conscience of the problem Awareness Recognize Confront
- 10. 2. Fight fear “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself” Franklin Delano Roosevelt Political Fear Physical Fear
- 11. 3. Security as a Democratic value Economic Freedom Security Individual Freedom Social Freedom Political Freedom
- 12. 4. Security and Social Cohesion Security Social Cohesion State presence Job creation Business
- 13. 5. Investment and social cohesion • Employment • Tax collection Investment Social Expenditure • Education • Health • Infrastructure • Conditional Cash Transfers • Housing • Quality of life • Opportunities • Entrepreneurial Spirit Social Cohesion
- 14. 6. Security, investment, social cohesion Security Generates trust Boosts investment Is the anchor of peace Is the base for justice Investment Mobilizes capital Generates employment Incubates innovation Triggers entrepreneurial spirit Social Cohesion Education with quality Health Universal coverage Access to finance Quality Jobs
- 15. 7. Social cohesion as Security Validator Social results Social investment Tax Collections Investment Security
- 16. 8. People coalition before political coalition Listen to the people Define a deliverable message Communicate effectively a vision Be in close contact with the people Identify with people needs Create the popular base
- 17. 9. Leadership values Kotter Honesty Energy Competence Moss Kanter Consistency Congruence Competence Caring Lincoln Get out of the office Communicate Talk to people Persevere Preach a vision Strong Hand Uribe Discipline Dedication Responsibility Love
- 18. Operational essence THE PATH TO SUCCESS
- 19. 10. Credibility Transparency Leadership Efficiency Effectiveness
- 20. 11. Macro Vision – Micro Management Macro Vision Objectives Strategy Tools Impact Micro Management Detailed follow up Tactic implementation People claims Exercise as commander in chief
- 21. 12. Lead the armed forces Guide Commander in Chief Support Demand Lead by example
- 22. 13. Involve all the forces Criminal penetration Disputes among forces Weakening of State authority Strengthening of organized crime Risks of not integral involvement
- 23. 14. People participation Security Councils Informants Rewards Denouncement
- 24. 15. The people participation effect Trust and love in the armed forces Transparency Power People
- 25. 16. Security Financial Sustainability Positive externalities for the Private Sector Financial Controls Sustainability Taxes Increase in investment Economic activities triggered : Tourism, Mining, Infrastructure, Agriculture
- 26. 17. Speech consistency No humanitarian exchange Terrorism Vs Insurgents Speech Military Rescue Same speech in every audience Confront terrorist supporters Terrorist threat Vs Conflict
- 27. 18. Truth and anticipation Provides Confidence Transparency Truth and anticipation Eliminates the FOG of War Social respect in the armed forces
- 28. Implementation THE STRATEGY INTO PRACTICE
- 29. 19. Assume Responsibility Commander in Chief Credibility Armed Forces are motivated Political Transparency Fire the commander the FENIX Lesson
- 30. 20. Promise dedication not results Not to overpromise Dedication Not false expectations Demonstrate hard work Find options constantly
- 31. 21. Intelligence Intelligence All forces cooperate Clear objectives Operational Human Technical Results Emanuel FENIX Jaque Camaleon
- 32. 22. Counter-Intelligence Prevent infiltration Protect operational information Distract the enemy Achieve Results
- 33. 23. Rewards Informant Network Connectivity Collaboration Monday of reward
- 34. 24. Early Victories Road Security Victories Fence Cartagena Kidnap rapid response Citizen optimism Presidential direct involvement
- 35. 25. Persevere in times of crisis Governor Gaviria and Gilberto Echeverri Nogal Bomb 11 State Senators Killed FENIX Diplomatic effects
- 36. 26. Do not yield to pressure Own options Military Rescue Jaque Araujo Unilateral release Without bargain Humanitarian gesture Justice, Peace and Reparation Demobilization Cooperation Protection
- 37. The impact factor SECRETS BEHIND RESULTS
- 38. 27. Give Credit Share success Do not delegate failure Credit Process Motivate results Praise sacrifice and hard work
- 39. 28. International Cooperation Cooperation Military Support Political Support Intelligence Support Development Assistance Economic and Trade as validators of Confidence
- 40. 29. Illicit drugs Illicit crops Eradication Substitution Prevention Family Education School Education Social values Consumption Decriminalize Administrative sanctions Addiction Medical treatment Rehabilitation Micro- Trafficking Criminal sanction Strong Punishmen t Cartels Decisive confrontation Asset Confiscation Anti-Money Laundering
- 41. 30. Dismantle criminals Money supply Dismantle Weapons supply Action Infiltration Punishment
- 42. 31. Expose the Criminals No where to hide No where to run Don Diego Informants aware
- 43. 32. Prevent young recruitment Education Prevention Culture Vocational Sports Labor opportunities
- 44. 33. Local Power Governors Local Power Mayors Citi Councils State Senators Private Sector NGO’s Community
- 45. Final statement
- 46. Historical changes took place Leadership, governance based on citizen support and political Will, helped built significant historical changes in strategic sectors: Reform the oil and gas sector: 1. Colombia is close to produce 1 million barrels per day from 250.000 in 2002. 2. Ecopetrol Reform 3. Created the National Hydrocarbon Agency Reform the Telecom Sector: 1. Restructure the Colombian Telecommunications Agency Reform the Colombian Social Security Agency More than 2000 criminals were extradited Paramilitary structures were dismantled FARC suffered its biggest historical defeats Colombia experienced its largest historical FDI flows Biggest historical reduction in illicit crops More than 10 FTA’s signed and negotiated Largest historical health and education coverage Largest historical credit expansion Largest historical tourism flows to the country