A Resilient City - Designing services for the future of Milan, Politecnico of Milan, 26/04/2018 What is a blockchain from a designer's point of view? What kind of services could be imagined with cryptocurrencies? Discover more at http://blog.zigolab.it

1. PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEM DESIGN COURSE
BLOCKCHAIN
April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
A l e s s a n d r o C o n f e t t i

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Image from Julia Donaldson's books – in pictures
Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
THERE IS NO
SUCH A THING AS
A BLOCKCHAIN

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Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
Bitcoin's Academic Pedigree
By Arvind Narayanan, Jeremy Clark
Communications of the ACM, Vol. 60 No. 12,
Pages 36-45
10.1145/3132259

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Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
Courtesy of blockchainhub.net

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Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
Courtesy of blockchainhub.net

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Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
Cryptographic Hashes and Bitcoin
By Kalle Rosenbaum
Chryptography
CRYPTOGRAPHIC HASH FUNCTION

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Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
Bitcoin's Academic Pedigree
By Arvind Narayanan, Jeremy Clark
Communications of the ACM, Vol. 60 No. 12,
Pages 36-45
10.1145/3132259
Chryptography

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image from the work of Paul Baran, On Distributed Communications Networks 1964
Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
P2P Network

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Images from Evolving terminology pt. 2: topology vs ownership January 10, 2016
Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
P2P Network

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Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
Ok, I need a blockchain, but which one?
By Pavel Kravchenko Sep 26, 2016
Game Theory

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Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
Ok, I need a blockchain, but which one?
By Pavel Kravchenko Sep 26, 2016
Game Theory
OPENNESS CONSENSUS ANONYMITY IMMUTABILITY SCALABILITY
Permissionless/Public PoW High High Low
Permissioned/Public PoS High Moderate Moderate
Permissionless/Public FBA Moderate Moderate Moderate
Permissioned/Private PBFT/Multisignature Low Low Low

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QUESTIONS TO ASK BEFORE YOU START
• Who can set or change the rules of the protocol?
• Who runs the nodes and pay for them?
• Who validates the block and at which cost?
• Who can read and/or write the blocks?
Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan

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CHALLENGES TO SOLVE BEFORE GOING PUBLIC
• What is the service actually enabled by the blockchain?
• What hw, sw, bandwith is the user required to own?
• How and where the user’s private keys are stored?
• How and where the user’s assets are stored?

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Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan

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Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
BLOCKCHAIN for social impact moving beyond the hype
Stanford Graduate School of Business
2000 2008
Implementing Organization Type
Numberofinitiatives
Unknown
Foundation
Government
Nonprofit
or Academia
For-Profit
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
our research captured which applications have already begun to
demonstrate proven social impact, which industries and use cases
are more or less advanced, and what we should be learning from
the hundreds of test cases, pilots, and experiments that are using
blockchain for social impact.
A surge in new
projects, organizations,
and platforms
oriented toward the
use of blockchain
technology began
in 2013.
Figure 1: Year Founded by Implementing
Organization Type

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Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
BLOCKCHAIN for social impact moving beyond the hype
Stanford Graduate School of Business
in the early days — 34% were started in 2017 or later, and 74% are
still in the pilot or idea stage. But, 55% of social-good blockchain
initiatives are estimated to impact their beneficiaries by early 2019.
Fifty-five percent are
estimated to have an
end impact on their
beneficiaries by
early 2019.
Figure 2:Time Frame for Proof of Impact
Democracy and Governance initiatives are the furthest along, with
62% of all projects expected to have demonstrated impact in the
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Time Frame for Proof of Impact 0–6 months
Unknown2+ years
1–2 years6–12 months
Philanthropy, Aid, and Donors
Energy, Climate and Environment
Land Rights
Financial Inclusion
Agriculture
Health
Democracy and Governance
60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

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Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
BLOCKCHAIN for social impact moving beyond the hype
Stanford Graduate School of Business
Blockchain is most
often used to facilitate
payments and verify
records.
Figure 5: Primary Ways in Which
Blockchain Is Used
Blockchain is most often used to facilitate payments and verify
records. The most common use cases for blockchain initiatives are
payments and money transfers (25%) and records and verification
(26%). Blockchain’s most popular primary benefits are being able
to reduce risk and fraud (38%) and increase efficiency (24%)
Reducing risk and
fraud is seen as
Records and Verification
Payments and Money Transfers
Platforms and Marketplaces
Digital Identity
Various
Supply Chain Management
Smart Contracting
Percentage of Catalogued Initiatives
Reduction of Risk/Fraud or Increase in Integrity/Transparancy
Increased Efficiency

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Alessandro Confetti - April 26th 2018 – Politecnico, Milan
BLOCKCHAIN for social impact moving beyond the hype
Stanford Graduate School of Business
Blockchain for Social Impact 4Stanford Graduate School of Business •
Reducing risk and
fraud is seen as
blockchain’s primary
benefit.
Figure 6: Primary Benefits of
Using Blockchain
Smart Contracting
Percentage of Catalogued Initiatives
Percentage of Catalogued Initiatives
35%
Increased Scale / Reach New People
Unknown
Enable a Process or Action That Was not Possible Before
Reduction of Risk/Fraud or Increase in Integrity/Transparancy
Other
Increased Efficiency
Reduction of Costs

19. $ tail -f questions
19
Alessandro Confetti
aconfet@thoughtworks.com
twitter @zigolab
blog http://blog.zigolab.it