2. • Consist of :
1. Title / cover page
2. Chapter 1 - Introduction
3. Chapter 2 - Literature review
4. Chapter 3 - Methodology
5. Work schedule
6. Reference
7. Appendices
Proposal
3. • It should be concise and descriptive.
• Often titles are stated in terms of a functional
relationship, because such titles clearly
indicate the independent and dependent
variables.
• 15 words only
Tittle
4. • Perception of safety and coping as a function
of school environment and peer victimization
• Promoting social skills and self concept as
components of resiliency in school-age
children
Example
6. • The main purpose of the introduction is to
provide the necessary background or
context for your research problem.
Introduction
7. Chapter 1
No Section / Chapters Page/s
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of Problem 2-5
1.2 Problem Statement 1
1.3 Research Objectives ½
1.4 Research Questions ½
1.5 Conceptual Framework 1-2
1.6 Significance of Study 1
1.7 Limitation Of Study 1
1.8 Operational Definition 1
8. • Describe the broad foundations of your
study, including some references to existing
literature and/or empirically observable
situations.
• The introduction needs to provide sufficient
background for readers to understand where
your study is coming from.
An introduction paragraph
9. • Begins by discussing the subject area in
general terms – focus gradually narrows
towards the topic and specific issue that is
the subject of the study.
Background to the study
10. • Where did the topic/ issue come from?
• What are the main trends that have occurred
in the field?
• What are the main researchers/ theorists
working on this topic?
• What are some of the main issues in this
field?
• What are some of the main concepts relevant
to this issue?
5Wh questions
11. • What are some key studies that have been
done> When? Where? By whom?
• What they find?
• What further investigation is needed?
5Wh questions
12. • Answer the question:
“What is the gap that needs to be filled?”
and/or
“What is the problem that needs to be solved?”
• State the problem clearly early in a paragraph.
Problem statement
13. • More specific and detailed statements of
what you intend to find out.
• Example :
i. To determine students knowledge
level on mobile learning
ii. To design learning activities….
Objectives of the study
14. • Cover the same ground as objectives, but
they are written in the form of questions.
• Example :
– What the level of students knowledge on
mobile learning?
Research questions of the study
15. • Sometimes referred to as Rationale of the
study.
• Its important-where the researcher tries to
answer the questions
• Who will be benefit from the findings of the
study.
Significance of the study
16. • Researcher cannot study everything
• Make choices and set limits about things
such as
– The population they will study
– The nature of the sample
– The treatment
– Many other factors
Scope/ Limitations of the study
17. • Define all of the key terms that are used in
your title and proposal
Definitions of key terms
19. • State the current state of knowledge on the
topics.
• Look at the previous studies- related to your
topic
• Investigate the methodologies used and
findings found in those studies
• Explain how your research differ or are
similar to these earlier studies.
Literature Review
20. • Sub titles depend on the topic of research
Literature review
