2. CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE TOPIC “COAL ENERGY
PROJECT PUDUCHERRY” IS SUBMITTED BY ARPAN DUTTA
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF MR. CP BHATT IN THE
ACADEMIC.
THIS PROJECT HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED TO ANY OTHER
INSTITUTION.
YEAR 2023-24
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
FIRST AND FOREMOST, I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY GRATITUDE TOWARDS
MY TEACHER, MR. CP BHATT , WHO WAS A CONTINUAL SOURCE OF
INSPIRATION. HE PUSHED ME TO THINK IMAGINATIVELY AND URGED ME TO
DO THIS HOMEWORK WITHOUT HESITATION. HIS VAST KNOWLEDGE, EXTENSIVE
EXPERIENCE, AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE IN THIS SUBJECT ENABLED ME
TO SUCCESSFULLY ACCOMPLISH THIS PROJECT. THIS ENDEAVOUR WOULD NOT
HAVE BEEN POSSIBLE WITHOUT HIS HELP AND SUPERVISION. I COULD NOT
HAVE ASKED FOR A FINER MENTOR IN MY STUDIES.
I’D LIKE TO THANK DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, ROORKEE FOR PROVIDING ME
4. INDEX
WHAT IS COAL ENERGY?
PROCESS OF COAL FORMATION
TYPES OF COAL
USES OF COAL
ABOUT VALLUR THERMAL POWER STATION
CONSTRUCTION AND LOCATION
COST AND FINANCE
TECHNOLOGY AND OPERATIONS
INSTALLED CAPACITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
CONCLUSION
5. WHAT IS COAL ENERGY?
Coal is a combustible black or
brownish-black sedimentary
rock with a high amount of
carbon and hydrocarbons. Coal
is classified as a nonrenewable
energy source because it takes
millions of years to form. Coal
contains the energy stored by
plants that lived hundreds of
millions of years ago in swampy
forests.
Layers of dirt and rock
covered the plants over
millions of years. The
resulting pressure and
heat turned the plants
into the substance we
call coal.
6. PROCESS OF COAL FORMATION
COAL IS COMPOSED OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULPHUR, MOISTURE, AND INCOMBUSTIBLE
MINERAL MATTER (I.E., ASH). FLUORINATED GASES ARE NOT FORMED BY COAL COMBUSTION. COALS ARE FORMED
FROM THE ACCUMULATION OF VEGETABLE DEBRIS IN SPECIALIZED ENVIRONMENTS.
OBTAINING COAL FROM THE MINES IS A DIFFICULT JOB. FIRST, THE DIRT ABOVE THE COAL DEPOSIT IS REMOVED.
WHEN THE COAL IS EXPOSED, EXPLOSIVES ARE USED TO BREAK IT INTO SMALLER PIECES. THE COAL THUS COLLECTED
IS LOADED INTO WAGONS AND LIFTED TO THE SURFACE. THE MINES ENTER AND LEAVE THE MINE BY AN ELEVATOR
THROUGH A VERTICAL SPACE CALLED THE SHAFT. COAL MINES CAN EASILY CATCH FIRE AND IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO
BRING THE FIRE UNDER CONTROL.
COAL TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO, THERE WERE PLACES ON EARTH WITH DENSE
FORESTS IN WETLANDS DUE TO NATURAL DISASTERS SUCH AS FLOODS, TSUNAMI, LANDSLIDES, ETC. OVER THE
YEARS, OVER THESE FORESTS MORE AND MORE SOIL WAS COMPILING. THESE TREES WERE PROTECTED BY OXIDATION
FROM BIODEGRADATION, USUALLY VIA MUD OR ACIDIC WATER. THIS TRAPS THE CARBON IN THE SEDIMENTS THAT
WERE BURIED. CARBONIZATION HAPPENS, CARBONIZATION IS A PHASE IN WHICH VEGETATION BECOMES CARBON. IT
IS A SLOW PROCESS.
7. TYPES OF COAL
COAL IS CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR MAIN TYPES, OR RANKS: ANTHRACITE, BITUMINOUS,
SUBBITUMINOUS, AND LIGNITE. THE RANKING DEPENDS ON THE TYPES AND AMOUNTS OF CARBON
THE COAL CONTAINS AND ON THE AMOUNT OF HEAT ENERGY THE COAL CAN PRODUCE. THE RANK OF
A COAL DEPOSIT IS DETERMINED BY THE AMOUNT OF PRESSURE AND HEAT THAT ACTED ON THE
PLANTS OVER TIME.
9. ABOUT VALLUR THERMAL POWER
STATION
• VALLUR THERMAL POWER STATION IS A POWER PLANT LOCATED IN ATHIPATTU
PUDUNAGAR, VALLUR IN NORTH CHENNAI, THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT, INDIA. THE POWER PLANT IS
OPERATED BY NTPC TAMIL NADU ENERGY COMPANY LIMITED, A JOINT VENTURE BETWEEN NTPC
LIMITED AND TANGEDCO AND HAS THREE UNITS WITH 500 MW EACH.
• IN JANUARY 2014, THE UNITS IN THE POWER PLANT ACHIEVED A RECORD GENERATION OF 24.09
MILLION UNITS (KWH) OF ELECTRICITY .THE PROJECT ADDS NEARLY 24 MILLION UNITS A DAY TO
THE GRID. TAMIL NADU IS THE MAJOR BENEFICIARY OF POWER GENERATED FROM THIS FACILITY
(ABOUT 750 MW), WHILE SOME OF IT IS SUPPLIED TO ANDHRA PRADESH, KARNATAKA, KERALA,
AND PUDUCHERRY.
• THE PLANT WILL CONSUME 4.62 MEGATONNES (4,550,000 LONG TONS; 5,090,000 SHORT TONS) OF
COAL A YEAR. COAL FOR THE PLANT WILL BE BROUGHT FROM ORISSA THROUGH SHIP TO ENNORE
PORT, FROM WHERE IT WILL BE TRANSPORTED BY PIPE CONVEYOR CROSSING ENNORE CREEK.
10.
11. CONSTRUCTION
AND
LOCATION
THE PLANT WAS ESTABLISHED UNDER THE MEGA POWER PROJECT POLICY. THE ERSTWHILE TAMIL NADU
ELECTRICITY BOARD (TNEB) AND THE NTPC, IN A JOINT VENTURE, FORMED THE NTPC TAMIL NADU ENERGY
COMPANY LIMITED. THE FOUNDATION STONE FOR THE VALLUR THERMAL PLANT WAS LAID ON 5 SEPTEMBER 2007,
WITH AN ESTIMATED COST OF ₹80 BILLION (€100 MILLION), AND THE ₹19,900-MILLION MAIN PLANT PACKAGE TO
SUPPLY STEAM GENERATORS AND TURBINE FOR STAGE I WAS AWARDED TO BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS
LIMITED (BHEL), A STATE-RUN POWER EQUIPMENTS MANUFACTURER, ON 13 AUGUST 2007. THE PROJECTED WAS
CONSTRUCTED IN TWO PHASES: PHASE I WITH TWO 500 MW UNITS AT A COST OF ₹54 BILLION AND PHASE II
WITH ONE 500 MW UNIT AT A COST OF ₹30 BILLION. INITIALLY EXPECTED TO BE OPERATIONAL BY 2010, THE
PROJECT WAS DELAYED DUE TO THE LATE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COAL-HANDLING FACILITY ESTABLISHED BY
THE BHEL.[5] ERECTION OF THE BOILER COLUMN BEGAN ON 5 JANUARY 2009.
THE POWER PLANT IS LOCATED ON A TRIANGULAR TRACT OF LAND BETWEEN ENNORE CREEK AND ATHIPATTU
PUDHUNAGAR RAILWAY STATION, SOUTHWEST OF ENNORE PORT, CHENNAI.
12. Country India
Location Athipattu Pudunagar Vallur, Chennai Tamil Nadu
Coordinates 13°14′2″N 80°18′21″E
Status Operational
Construction began September 2007
Commission date Unit 1: October 2010
Unit 2: March 2011
Unit 3: September 2012
Construction cost ₹91.93 billion
Owner(s) NTPC Limited and TANGEDCO
Operator(s) NTPC Tamil Nadu Energy Company Limited
Thermal power station
Primary fuel Coal
Power generation
Units operational 3 x 500 megawatts (670,000 hp)
Nameplate capacity 1,500 megawatts (2,000,000 hp)
External links
Commons Related media on Commons
13. COST AND FINANCE
THE COST OF PHASE I WAS ₹54 BILLION ($1.15 BILLION) AND THAT OF PHASE II WAS ₹30
BILLION ($639 MILLION). THE DEBT EQUITY RATIO OF THE PROJECT IS 7:3. THE RURAL
ELECTRIFICATION CORPORATION (REC) SANCTIONED ₹38 BILLION ($809 MILLION) TO
MEET THE ENTIRE DEBT PORTION OF THE PROJECT. REC ADVANCED A LOAN OF ₹21 BILLION
($447 MILLION) FOR THE SECOND PHASE IN APRIL 2010.
14. TECHNOLOGY AND OPERATIONS
THE BOILER SYSTEMS AT THE PLANT CONSISTS OF SINGLE- OR TWO-PASS TYPE, WITH FRONT/REAR/SIDE MILL LAYOUT, WHICH CAN
HAVE SINGLE/BI-DRUM ARRANGEMENT WITH NATURAL OR CONTROLLED CIRCULATION. THERE IS CONSTANT OR SLIDING PRESSURE
OPERATION, AND HOT OR COLD PRIMARY AIR SYSTEMS. STEAM TURBINE OPERATES AT A SPEEDS OF 3,000 RPM. THE MAIN STEAM IS AT
130–250 BARS (13,000–25,000 KPA) AT 500–540 °C (930–1,000 °F). STEAM REHEAT IS AT 30–70 BARS (3,000–7,000 KPA) AND 500–600 °C (930–
1,100 °F). THE BACK PRESSURE IS BETWEEN 20 AND 300 MILLIBARS (20 AND 300 HPA).
THE PLANT HAS SIX INDUCED DRAFT COOLING TOWERS (IDCTS), WHICH HAVE A CAPACITY OF 30,000 CUBIC METRES PER HOUR
(1,100,000 CU FT/H) WITH NINE CELLS OF 14 BY 21 METRES (46 FT × 69 FT) EACH.
THE IDCTS USE SEAWATER, WHICH IS DRAWN FROM THE INTAKE CHANNEL OF NORTH CHENNAI THERMAL POWER STATION, AND FRESH
WATER REQUIREMENT IS MET FROM A DESALINATION PLANT. THE PLANT HAS ADOPTED CLOSED CYCLE RE-CIRCULATING TYPE COOLING
WATER SYSTEM FOR ITS OPERATIONS
THE COAL CONVEYOR SYSTEM IN THE PLANT INCLUDES A 4.4-KILOMETRE (2.7 MI)-LONG PIPE CONVEYOR WITH A CAPACITY OF 4,000
TONNES PER HOUR (150,000 LB/MIN), WHICH IS THE WORLD'S LARGEST PIPE CONVEYOR. THE PLANT REQUIRES 13,400 TONNES (13,200
LONG TONS; 14,800 SHORT TONS) OF COAL PER DAY. DOMESTIC COALFIELDS SUPPLY 53 PERCENT OF THE NEED, AND THE REMAINDER
THROUGH COAL IMPORTS
15. INSTALLED CAPACITY
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
THE VALLUR THERMAL POWER STATION IS ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY & NON-
POLLUTING PLANT.
FOLLOWING IS THE UNIT-WISE CAPACITY OF THE 1,500 MEGAWATTS (2,000,000 HP)
PLANT.
Stage Unit Number
Installed
Capacity (MW)
Date of
Commissioning
Status
Stage I 1 500
29 November
2012
Running[8]
Stage I 2 500 25 August 2013 Running[12]
Stage I 3 500
28 February
2014
Running[9]
The share of Tamil Nadu would be 375 megawatts
(503,000 hp) from each of the three units in the plant
16. CONCLUSION
THERMAL POWER PLANTS ARE AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY. THEY USE HEAT
TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY, AND THEY ARE VERY EFFICIENT. HOWEVER, THEY ALSO HAVE
SOME DISADVANTAGES. THEY CAN BE EXPENSIVE TO BUILD, AND THEY CAN POLLUTE THE
ENVIRONMENT. BUT OVERALL, THERMAL POWER PLANTS ARE A GOOD WAY TO GENERATE
ELECTRICITY. HYDROPOWER PLANTS ARE ANOTHER OPTION FOR GENERATING
ELECTRICITY, AND THEY HAVE THEIR OWN ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. BUT
OVERALL, BOTH TYPES OF POWER PLANTS ARE IMPORTANT SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY.
