Final Oral Exam - Park University Hauptmann School of Public Affairs
Social Origins Arnova
1. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Social Origins of the Civil Society Sector Lester M. Salamon and S. WojciechSokolowski 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action Cleveland, OH November 20, 2009
2. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Dimensions of the Civil Society Sector Dimension Measurement Civil society FTE workforce (paid staff and volunteers) as a percent of the economically active population (EAP) Size Volunteers as a percent of the civil society workforce Workforce composition Percent of the civil society workforce in service and expressive activities Activity distribution Percent of the civil society income from three major sources: government, private philanthropy, and private fees Revenue structure
3. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Variation in the Civil Society Sector’s Dimensions: Workforce Size Source: Salamon and Sokolowski, forthcoming
4. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Variation in the Civil Society Sector’s Dimensions: Government Share of Revenue Source: Salamon and Sokolowski, forthcoming
5. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Patterns of the Civil Society Sector Model Dimension Government Support Expressive Share Volunteer Share Philanthropy Support Workforce Size Large Medium-small Medium-high Medium-high Smaller than service I. Liberal Large High Low Low-medium II. Welfare Partnership Smaller than service Large Medium III. Social Democratic High Larger than service Medium Low Low Small IV. Statist Hostile to advocacy Small Low Medium-high Smaller than service V. Traditional
6. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Five Country Clusters of the Civil Society Sector Country Cluster II. Welfare Partnership III. Social-Democratic I. Liberal IV. Statist V. Traditional Brazil Belgium Austria Argentina Pakistan Colombia Finland France Philippines Canada Norway Germany Poland Tanzania Chile Ireland Sweden Uganda Slovakia Denmark Israel New Zealand Netherlands India Switzerland Czech Republic United Kingdom Kenya Hungary Japan United States South Africa Korea, Republic of Italy Mexico Portugal Australia Peru Spain Romania Borderline cases are in yellow
7. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies SOCIAL ORIGINS THEORY: DISTINCTIVE PATTERNS EMBEDDEDNESS POWER (VS. SENTIMENTS OR PREFERENCES) PATH DEPENDENCE
8. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Social Origins Theory: Power Relationship Between the Civil Society Sector and Major Social Forces Socio-economic classes State bureaucracy & political parties Socio-demographic groups Civil Society Sector Services Expressive Cross-national pressures (core & periphery) Religious institutions
