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Fakta från Skogen i Skolan
Vad är en art?
Vitsippa och gulsippa är två olika arter. Det ser man ju tydligt på till exempel blom-
färgen. Men det är inte alltid som det är så lätt att se skillnad mellan olika arter. Då
blir det viktigt att fråga sig vad en art egentligen är. Hur definierar man en art? Vilket
artbegrepp ska man använda?

Det traditionella artbegreppet säger att en art består av individer som liknar varan-
dra. Människorna är lika varandra, men liknar inte schimpanserna som tillhör en an-
nan art.

Det här artbegreppet kan tyckas fungera bra, men när man studerar naturen närmare
finner man att det inte alltid är så här tydligt. Det finns till exempel grupper av indivi-
der som ytligt sett är mycket lika, men som verkar vara olika arter när man studerar
deras kemi.

Ett annat artbegrepp säger att alla individer inom en art ska kunna korsa sig med
varandra och kunna få avkomma som i sin tur kan få avkomma. Men en del grupper
består av likadana individer som inte kan korsa sig med varandra alls. Ska man då
kalla varje individ för en art?

Hur man än försökt att hitta en definition på vad en art är så har ingen ännu i prak-
tiken gått att använda för alla organismer. Det finns alltid några undantag som inte
fungerar som alla andra arter. Därför pågår det ständigt en livlig diskussion om artbe-
greppet bland forskare i systematik.

Källa: Uppsala universitet Linné on line
                                                 ROSLIN, 1775 © KVA




Arter namnges enligt det system, binära nomen-
klaturen, som Carl von Linné införde .

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Vad ar en art

  • 1. Fakta från Skogen i Skolan Vad är en art? Vitsippa och gulsippa är två olika arter. Det ser man ju tydligt på till exempel blom- färgen. Men det är inte alltid som det är så lätt att se skillnad mellan olika arter. Då blir det viktigt att fråga sig vad en art egentligen är. Hur definierar man en art? Vilket artbegrepp ska man använda? Det traditionella artbegreppet säger att en art består av individer som liknar varan- dra. Människorna är lika varandra, men liknar inte schimpanserna som tillhör en an- nan art. Det här artbegreppet kan tyckas fungera bra, men när man studerar naturen närmare finner man att det inte alltid är så här tydligt. Det finns till exempel grupper av indivi- der som ytligt sett är mycket lika, men som verkar vara olika arter när man studerar deras kemi. Ett annat artbegrepp säger att alla individer inom en art ska kunna korsa sig med varandra och kunna få avkomma som i sin tur kan få avkomma. Men en del grupper består av likadana individer som inte kan korsa sig med varandra alls. Ska man då kalla varje individ för en art? Hur man än försökt att hitta en definition på vad en art är så har ingen ännu i prak- tiken gått att använda för alla organismer. Det finns alltid några undantag som inte fungerar som alla andra arter. Därför pågår det ständigt en livlig diskussion om artbe- greppet bland forskare i systematik. Källa: Uppsala universitet Linné on line ROSLIN, 1775 © KVA Arter namnges enligt det system, binära nomen- klaturen, som Carl von Linné införde .