Dr. Mohamed B. Aswad is an oncologist in Deming, New Mexico and is affiliated with Mimbres Memorial Hospital. He received his medical degree from University of Aleppo Faculty of Medicine and has been in practice for more than 20 years.

2. Bone Marrow_ Common Diseases And How To Diagnose - Dr. Mohamed Basil
Aswad

3. The main bone marrow diseases are leukaemia, aplastic anaemia,
myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Leukaemia is a
cancer of the white blood cells, and symptoms may include fatigue, pale skin,
fever, frequent infections, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis is typically done
with a physical examination, blood tests, imaging tests, and a bone marrow
biopsy. Aplastic anaemia is a deficiency of all cell types in the bone marrow,
and symptoms may include fatigue, paleness, infections, and shortness of
breath. Diagnosis requires a physical examination, blood tests, imaging tests,
and sometimes a bone marrow biopsy. Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group
of disorders in which the bone marrow does not make enough healthy blood
cells, and symptoms may include fatigue, paleness, easy bruising, and frequent
infections.

4. Diagnosis is typically done with a physical examination, blood tests, imaging
tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Myeloproliferative neoplasms are a group of
cancers of the bone marrow in which the body produces too many white blood
cells. Symptoms may include fatigue, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
Diagnosis is typically done with a physical examination, blood tests, imaging
tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Dr. Mohamed Basel Aswad

5. Leukaemia is a cancer of the white blood cells, where the bone marrow makes
abnormal white blood cells that interfere with the normal production of blood
cells. Symptoms may include fatigue, pale skin, fever, frequent infections, and
shortness of breath. Diagnosis is typically done with a physical examination,
blood tests, imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment may involve
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, and targeted therapy.
Aplastic anaemia is a deficiency of all cell types in the bone marrow, caused by
damage to the bone marrow cells. Symptoms may include fatigue, paleness,
infections, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis requires a physical examination,
blood tests, imaging tests, and sometimes a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment
may involve medications that act as immunosuppressants, such as
antithymocyte globulin, or bone marrow transplants.

6. Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders in which the bone marrow
does not make enough healthy blood cells, and symptoms may include fatigue,
paleness, easy bruising, and frequent infections. Diagnosis is typically done
with a physical examination, blood tests, imaging tests, and a bone marrow
biopsy. Treatment may involve medications that act as immunosuppressants,
such as antithymocyte globulin, or chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell
transplant, and targeted therapy.

7. Myelodysplastic syndromes are classified into several types based on the types
of cells affected and the underlying cause. These include refractory cytopenia
of childhood, myelodysplastic syndrome with ring sideroblasts, chronic
myelomonocytic leukaemia, atypical chronic myeloid leukaemia, and
myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms. Each type is associated with
certain symptoms, and diagnosis typically requires a physical examination,
blood tests, imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment may involve
medications that act as immunosuppressants, such as antithymocyte globulin,
or chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, and targeted therapy.

8. Refractory cytopenia of childhood is a type of myelodysplastic syndrome
caused by a genetic defect in the formation of red blood cells, white blood cells,
and platelets. Symptoms may include fatigue, paleness, frequent infections,
and decreased cognitive function. Diagnosis is typically done with a physical
examination, blood tests, imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment
may involve medications that act as immunosuppressants, such as
antithymocyte globulin, or chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant,
and targeted therapy.

9. Myelodysplastic syndrome with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) is a type of
myelodysplastic syndrome caused by a defect in the formation of red blood
cells. Symptoms may include fatigue, paleness, and frequent infections.
Diagnosis is typically done with a physical examination, blood tests, imaging
tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment may involve medications that act
as immunosuppressants, such as antithymocyte globulin, or chemotherapy,
radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, and targeted therapy.

10. Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a type of myeloproliferative
neoplasm in which the body produces too many white blood cells and abnormal
monocytes. Symptoms may include fatigue, fever, night sweats, and weight
loss. Diagnosis is typically done with a physical examination, blood tests,
imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment may involve medications
that act as immunosuppressants, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell
transplant, and targeted therapy.

11. Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a type of myeloproliferative
neoplasm in which the body produces too many white blood cells and abnormal
monocytes. Symptoms may include fatigue, fever, night sweats, and weight
loss. Diagnosis is typically done with a physical examination, blood tests,
imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment may involve medications
that act as immunosuppressants, such as antithymocyte globulin, or
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, or targeted therapy.
Targeted therapy may involve the use of drugs that target specific parts of the
cancer cells, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Additionally, the bone
marrow transplant has been used to replace the abnormal bone marrow cells
with healthy bone marrow.

12. Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are a rare group of
disorders where the bone marrow produces too many white blood cells and/or
abnormal cells. Symptoms may include fatigue, fever, night sweats, and weight
loss. Diagnosis is typically done with a physical examination, blood tests,
imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment may involve medications
that act as immunosuppressants, such as antithymocyte globulin,
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, or targeted therapy.
Targeted therapy may involve the use of drugs that target specific parts of the
cancer cells, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), or lenalidomide.
Additionally, the bone marrow transplant has been used to replace the
abnormal bone marrow cells with healthy bone marrow.

13. In conclusion, bone marrow diseases can have a variety of symptoms and
treatments. Common symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, fever, frequent
infections, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis is typically done with a physical
examination, blood tests, imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment
may involve medications that act as immunosuppressants, such as
antithymocyte globulin, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, or
targeted therapy. Bone marrow transplant has also been used to replace the
abnormal bone marrow cells with healthy bone marrow. It is important to get an
accurate diagnosis and to follow the recommended treatment plan to ensure
the best possible outcome.