2. Huawei Confidential
2
Intelligent IoE Era Drives Explosive Data Growth
8K, AR, VR
Communication
Network
4 billion
Interconnected
users
75 billion
IoT
subscribers
30x
Traffic
1,000,000x
Graphics processing
capabilities
60 TB
Daily training data volume
Autonomous driving
vehicles
1 PB
Daily production data
Digitally connected
factories
Mass data
Real-time
processing
Data infrastructure
Cloud
computing
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Governments
Construct Data Infrastructure to Maximize Data Value
Finance Carriers Public safety Large enterprises
Data models Application enablement
Processing
Storage
Computing
Connection
Enablement
Connections
Sensors Smart cameras
Mobile devices Others
FTTx and WTTx WiFi Campus networks
IoT
Enterprise wireless
Devices
Industry
application
Industrial
enablement
Data
infrastructure
platforms
IoE
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Computing
Redefine Data Infrastructure to Boost Digital Economy
Block File Object HDFS
Training
Intelligent
Data enablement
Data processing
Data storage
Data access
Database Big data
x86 Arm GPU NPU
Unleashed data potential and value
Redefined data processing
Redefined storage architecture
Diverse data connections
Powerful computing capabilities
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Transform Storage Infrastructure to Monetize Data
300% 67% 50%
Larger-scale financial
transactions
Smoother mobile
communications
One-stop
government services
Peak-time transactions
150,000 transactions per second,
doubling profits
Billing processing time
Settlement for heavy workloads
within 4 hours at the beginning of
each month
Government service efficiency
Data does the legwork
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2 ms
13.4%
0.02 ms
0.8%
SSD
HDD
CAPEX
30%
Footprint
82%
Power
consumption
79%
Maintenance
cost
50%
Huawei AFA vs. HDD storage
TCO
Latency
5-year return
repair rate
Hardware
Architecture
Business
SmartMatrix architecture
for always-on services
Data reduction for higher
space utilization
Compute platform:
Computing power
Intelligent module: Batch
processing latency
Raw
capacity
Effective
capacity
Faster
More
reliable
More
efficient
Upgrade for Inclusive All-Flash Storage in Any Scenario
25%
40%
10 W 3 W
Power
consumption
Huawei innovations for inclusive all-flash storage
50%
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Lead the Market with Cutting-Edge Huawei All-Flash Storage
Source: IDC Enterprise Storage System
Market Overview (China), 2020
Source: Gartner Market Share Report, 2020
Market share in China Global market share
Source: Gartner Magic Quadrant for
Primary Storage
Gartner Magic Quadrant:
Leader
2014: Challenger
2019
2015: Top in Challenger
2010: Niche Player
2016: Leader
2017
2020
2018
11.9%
29.3%
10.4%
7.5%
12.8%
Huawei HPE IBM
NetApp
Dell EMC Others
Huawei
49.6%
Total:
$916M
Others
12.7%
IBM
4.5%
Lenovo
5.3%
Inspur
7.4%
H3C
11.1%
Dell EMC
9.3%
12.5%
Global ranking: No.3
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Interop Grand Prize
The Server & Storage category
Verification by the ESG Lab
Easily handles heavy-load enterprise apps
Huawei All-Flash Storage Gains Industry Renown
A global IT consulting organization
known for extensive analysis and
objective reviews in enterprise
storage and cloud computing
Ranked Recommended by DCIG
Listed in Top 5 High-end Storage Array List
A major event in global business
technology that recognizes the
most competitive products
A well-known IT consulting
organization that is renowned for
its independent, rigorous, and
practical laboratory tests
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ESG — High Availability, Optimal Performance, Extremely Low Latency,
and 78% 5-Year TCO Savings with OceanStor Dorado
Enterprise Strategy Group is an IT analyst, research,
validation, and strategy firm that provides market intelligence
and actionable insight to the global IT community.
220,000 IOPS
81 µs response time
One of the lowest response times while maintaining high performance
Controller B Offline
Controller A Offline
Controller C Offline
Controller B Online
Controller A Online
Controller C Online
20 µ sec
18 µ sec
Three out of four controllers offline in the test — I/Os run normal,
and response time is < 20 µsec
Up to 78% lower TCO over 5 years
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Huawei All-Flash Storage Sets Benchmarks with Continuous Innovation
2009-2013 2014-2016 2017 2018 2019
OceanStor Dorado
OceanStor V3
OceanStor Dorado 5000/
6000/18000 V3
OceanStor Dorado V3
Industry's first batch
Unified SAN&NAS
Full NVMe series
Industry-leading
performance
Intelligent hardware
Industry's most stable
A-A solution
Interop Best of Show Award
Grand Prize
Leading performer in
the SPC-1 benchmark
OceanStor Dorado 3000/5000
6000/8000/18000
Win Interop Grand Prize
again
Ranked Recommended by
DCIG
OceanStor Dorado 3000/5000
6000/8000/18000
2020
NVMe over RoCE
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Industry-leading
performance and
latency
SmartMatrix fully
interconnected architecture
for always-on applications
FlashEver
Intelligent full-lifecycle management
OceanStor Dorado All-Flash Storage Highlights
Ever Fast Ever Solid Intelligent
21M IOPS and 0.05 ms latency
30% higher NAS performance than
industry benchmark
Tolerates failure of 7 out of 8
controllers
Provides active-active solution for
SAN and NAS
Intelligent O&M
Edge-cloud collaboration
Huawei Confidential
8
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Innovative E2E Acceleration Platform Achieves 21M
IOPS and 30% Higher NAS Performance
Distributed file system maximizes system
performance
FlashLink®
SSD-controller synergy with intelligent algorithms
maximizes all-flash performance
Distributed file system
Accelerated algorithms
Innovative E2E acceleration
for leading performance
Seamless storage upgrades for
industry-leading performance
Innovative hardware
Distributed file systems
E2E NVMe for a high-performance
expressway
Efficient protocols
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Intelligent Multi-Protocol Interface Module Doubles Front-End
Access Speed
• Industry-leading interface modules for on-demand use
with:
− 8 Gbit/s, 16 Gbit/s, and 32 Gbit/s FC
− 10GE, 25GE, 40GE, and 100GE
• Offloading protocol parsing from general-purpose CPUs,
reducing access latency by 50% (160 μs to 80 μs)
DTOE NIC
TCP
IP
MAC
PHY
I/O
DTOE
Full protocol stack offload
OS
User space
Driver
Buffer
Protocol File System
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Intelligent Multi-Tier Cache Acceleration
Latency (OLTP, 100% reads)
60%
Two-level cache technology identifies whether or not metadata
or data is hot. The hottest data uses DRAM, and the cooler data
uses SCM cache to accelerate data reads.
SmartCache + SCM: Intelligent Multi-Tier Caching Technology
Reduces Latency by 60%
... ... ... ... ...
Storage pool SSD
... ... ...
Intelligent cache pool SCM
DRAM Cache
Hot data Non-hot data
Extended cache for
storing metadata
• Increasing SSD capacity
causes increasing metadata
that may not all be stored in
the memory
Data read cache
acceleration
• Increasing hot data volume
places more stringent
requirements on access
latency
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• Faster data access on SSDs with core FTL algorithm
• Write latency halved from 40 μs to 20 μs on NVMe
SSDs with light loads
Smart SSDs Halve Write Latency
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E2E NVMe for Full Series — Every Product Model Is Ever Fast
* Data from the Huawei Lab test.
0.05 ms
Intelligent
lossless
switch
Server
HBA
32 Gbit/s FC-NVMe
NVMe over 100 Gbit/s RDMA*
16G FC/10GE
NVMe
50 μs
562 μs
SAS AFA
NVMe AFA
INTERPOSE
R
SCSI
SAS
*Deployment of FC NVMe or NVMe over RoCE depends
on the maturity of host and network ecosystem.
Full series
Shorter path Wider channel
Fewer
interactions
E2E Every model
ever fast
FC switch
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NVMe Reduces Protocol Processing Latency and Accelerates
Data Transmission
Lower latency: communication
interactions drop from 4 to 2
Controller SSD
4. Response
1. Transfer command
3. Transfer data
2. Ready to transfer
1. NVMe write command
2. NVMe write finished
SAS
NVMe
NVMe protocol stack
App
Block layer
SCSI
SAS
SAS
NVMe
NVMe
SAS protocol stack
SCSI
Controller
Initiator
Target
NVMe averages far shorter storage latency than SAS 3.0
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NVMe over RoCE: All IP Storage Network Unlocks Full
Potential of All-Flash
Storage
Network
Bandwidth
Packet loss
32/64G
FC Intelligent Lossless ETH
Stable and no
packet loss
Intelligent, stable, and zero
packet loss
√
Link failover
√
< 1s < 1s
√
ETH
100/400G
Congestion and
packet loss
√
< 8s–15s √
100/400G √
NVMe over RoCE
(NoF)
OS
NVMe
Server
Storage
0.05 ms ultra-low latency, 30% higher performance
than FC
Proactive fault detection and link failover in seconds
Device plug-and-play
Ease of use Plug and play Plug and play
Complex configuration
√ √
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Intelligent Lossless Ethernet with Built-in Intelligent Algorithms
Achieves Ultra-High Throughput
Traditional Converged Enhanced Ethernet Intelligent Lossless Ethernet
Manual
configuration
Static watermarks with conventional switch
Disadvantage: The watermarks cannot change with traffic status. Either
packets are discarded or rates are reduced.
Static watermarks: Non-precise backpressure
and transmission deceleration
Built-in Intelligent algorithms with Intelligent switch
Advantage: The watermarks are dynamically adjusted to ensure
zero packet loss at 100% throughput.
Intelligent
adjustment
Storage Server
Packet
loss
Packet loss too slow
Dynamic watermarks: Precise
backpressure and adaptive transmission
Storage Server
100%
throughput
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Controller enclosure
Front-end
interface
module
Controller Controller Controller Controller
Front-end
interface
module
Front-end
interface
module
Front-end
interface
module
Back-end
interface
module
Back-end
interface
module
Back-end
interface
module
Back-end
interface
module
SSD enclosure
Server
RoCE or FC
50
μs
30
μs
100
μs
Protocol parsing offloaded for 50% lower latency
• TOE interface cards
• ASIC I/O balance/allocation
Prioritized processing for read requests
NVMe for various networks reduces overhead by
40%
E2E Hardware and Software Acceleration for I/O Paths
30
μs
Lock-free processing of concurrent I/Os with
NVMe multi-queue polling
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System architecture
Distributed File System with Global Sharing Enables Fast
NAS Performance
Metadata compaction algorithm:
Greatly improves cache and
prefetch efficiency
Accelerates file traversing
(Readdir)
Zero cross-core and -controller
overheads
Directory balancing algorithm:
Distributed
data balancing
Metadata
vNode
DIR
File File File
Intelligent metadata
prefetch/elimination algorithm:
Accelerates index file search
Global Cache
Filelist
Readdir
Filelist Filelist
8 KB
Distributed file system
/A /B /C /D
Controller 1 Controller 2 Controller 3 Controller 4
Metadata sequence table layout: Metadata hash table layout:
Accelerates file locating
(Lookup)
Directory and file co-
ownership processing:
Faster file systems with all controllers
Global resource pool
Intelligent balancing
Intelligent layout
Intelligent cache
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Directory Load Balancing Maximizes the System Power
Controller A
NFS/CIFS
client
Host
Create the /A/B/C/D
directory
Controller B
• The directory balancing algorithm eliminates
the bottleneck of a single controller or CPU.
• Directories created on the client are evenly
distributed on all CPUs or controllers to
maximize the performance of all storage
controllers and CPUs.
/A /C /D
CPU CPU CPU CPU
vNode 0 vNode 1 vNode 2 vNode 3
Distributed file system
/B
/A/A1 /A/A3 /A/A4
/A/A2
/A/A1/A11 /A/A3/A33 /A/A4/A44
/A/A2/A22
NFS/CIFS
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Controller enclosure
Controller Controller Controller Controller
Smart SSD enclosure + computing
power platform
Smart SSD enclosure + computing
power platform
Front-end
interface module
Front-end
interface module
Front-end
interface module
Front-end
interface module
Back-end
interface module
Back-end
interface module
Back-end
interface module
Back-end
interface module
Smart SSD Enclosure Implements Service Splitting and
Computing Power Unlocking
Smart SSD enclosure
30% computing power sharing
30 min/TB 15 min/TB
Data reconstruction time
15% 5%
Impact on controller
performance (maximum IOPS)
80 MB/s 200 MB/s
Data reconstruction bandwidth
70%
Controller CPU utilization
Data
reconstruction
Data
reconstruction
• Each smart SSD enclosure has two control boards with built-in
computing platform and memory resources
• Smart SSD enclosures take over some workloads like data
reconstruction from array controllers
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FlashLink®
— Intelligent Accelerator Module Algorithm for Real-Time Learning and Self-
Optimization
Intelligent accelerator module
FP16: 8 TeraFLOPS
VDI scenario
56
81.79
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ordered
by reboot
sequence
1 2 3 4 5
F1500 OceanStor Dorado 6000 V6
Cache hit ratio: 30% Latency: 67%
0
90
95
103
104
151
0 50 100 150 200
Ordered by reboot
sequence
5
4
3
2
1
μs
Scenario: 10 linked clone VMs in VM reboot
Real-time collection
100+ built-in probes
Real time collection of
business workload index
Online learning
Tera-level FLOPS boosted by
high-speed online learning of
intelligent modules in a 10 M+
IOPS scenario
Feedback optimization
Real-time algorithm
adjustment optimizes models
for customized cache
prefetching
Private
Private Cloud
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Technical highlights
Controllers detect SSD data layouts.
Discrete data blocks are aggregated to a continuous large block.
Large blocks are written into SSDs sequentially.
Capitalizes on SAS bandwidth
Less garbage collection
OceanStor Dorado
FlashLink®
— Sequential Writes of Large Blocks Reduce Write Overhead and Read/Write
Pressure on SSDs
Benefits
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FlashLink®
— Independent Metadata Partitioning Reduces SSD Garbage Collection
Metadata separation
Metadata Other data
Combined storage of metadata
and other data
Separate storage of metadata
and other data
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垃圾回收
硬盘重构
cache批量写
高级特性
数据读写
FlashLink®
— I/O Priority Adjustment for Stable and Low Latency
垃圾回收
硬盘重构
Cache批量写
高级特性
数据读写 1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
2nd
3rd
5th
4th
I/O priority adjustment
All I/Os are handled chronologically.
Read and write I/Os are processed first to
minimize read/write latency.
Read/Write
Advanced features
Cache flushing
Reconstruction
Garbage collection
Read/Write
Advanced features
Cache flushing
Reconstruction
Garbage collection
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2x Better
640,000 IOPS
Vendor E high-end AFA
Huawei OceanStor
Dorado 18000 V6
225,000
Vendor H high-end AFA
340,000
Test conditions: 32-controller, SPC-1; test report released in 2020
21,000,000 IOPS
HDS
G1000
NetApp
A800
Huawei OceanStor
Dorado 18000 V3
IBM
DS8888
Huawei OceanStor
Dorado 18000 V6
Fujitsu
DX8900 S4
7,000,565
2,004,941
2,401,171
1,500,087
10,001,522
Leading performance in SPC-1 benchmark
Test conditions: dual-controller, 7:3 read/write, 80% space
occupied, data reduction enabled, 1 ms latency
Superior performance in databases
Than the Next-Best Player
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Leading Performance
in Diverse NASScenarios
700
Unit: K OPS
40% higher in large files
and small blocks
500
180
380
Unit: K OPS
30% higher in small
files and small blocks
300
120
300
Unit: 100 MB/s
50% higher in bandwidth-
intensive scenarios
200
80
5000
Unit: OPS
Equivalent with industry
benchmark in operational
I/O scenarios
5000
2800
OceanStor Dorado 18000
Vendor N A Series
Vendor D F Series
Test conditions: dual-controller, 512 x 20 GB
files, 8 KB block size, 7:3 mixed read/write
Test conditions: dual-controller, 40 million x 8 KB files,
5-level directories, 8 KB block size, 7:3 mixed read/write
Test conditions: dual-controller, 512 x 20
GB files, 1 MB I/O sequential read
Test conditions: dual-controller, and
mkdir/rmdir/create/delete/readdirplus
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Test devices: dual-controller, 1 TB cache, NVMe backend, 25 x 3.84 TB SSDs
Performance with value-added
features enabled
Vendor E Huawei AFA
Vendor's AFA: 20% to 30% decrease; Huawei AFA: < 10% decrease
Uncompromising
Performance
in Both SAN and NAS Scenarios
RAID 6
Data reduction GC Snapshot
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OceanStor
Dorado 6000
Vendor E AFA
57,000 TPS
11,500 TPS
5.6 hr
Test conditions: dual-controller, 40 x 3.84 TB SSDs,
SwingBench OE2 transaction simulation system
Online transactions: 5x more TPS
Report queries: 33% shorter batch processing
VDIs: 80% faster application response
Test conditions: dual-controller, 40 x 3.84 TB
SSDs, report query simulation system, 3 TB data
OceanStor Dorado 6000
Vendor E AFA
5s
1.5s
4.7s
0.9s
5.1s
1.8s
Test conditions: dual-controller, 100 x 3.84 TB
SSDs, 8 TB per LUN, 50 GB per VDI
OceanStor
Dorado 6000
Vendor E AFA
*TPS: transactions per second
5x Better
User Experience
3.8 hr
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Ever Solid Applications with 5 Reliability Layers
Cloud backup
Solution
System
Architecture
SSD
Global wear leveling
Huawei-patented global anti-wear leveling
Tolerance for failures of 7 out of 8 controllers with
SmartMatrix fully-interconnected architecture
E2E active-active design
Comprehensive enterprise-class features
Tolerance for simultaneous failures of 3 disks
Reconstruction of 1 TB data in 15 minutes
Enclosure-level redundancy tolerates the enclosure
failure
Active-active solution for SAN and NAS ensures always-on
services
FlashEver without data migration
Effortless cloud backup
30x higher backup frequency
20x faster backup speed
99.99999%
solution-level reliability
99.9999%
system-level reliability
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Disk Reliability
— 6 SSD Technologies Forging Industry-Leading Reliability
SSD wear leveling and Huawei-patented anti-wear leveling
LDPC + SmartFSP 3.0 for error correction granularity 10x
superior to competitors
Intra-disk DIF preventing silent data corruption
Data inspection algorithm preventing data distortion
Built-in dynamic RAID improving utilization
RAID at the SSD and system levels for solid reliability
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Extend SSD service life and improve reliability
Disk Reliability
— Global Wear and Anti-Wear Leveling
The workload of one SSD increases to prevent service
downtime from simultaneous failures of multiple SSDs.
RAID 2.0+ improves SSD reliability by evenly distributing
data to SSDs with fingerprints for wear leveling.
Early SSD life: global wear leveling
Late SSD life: Huawei-patented
global anti-wear leveling
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Disk Reliability
— LDPC + FSP for 10-18
Error Correction Granularity
LDPC
encoding
NAND
flash
controller
Soft-bit
logic
DSP
logic
LDPC
decoding
Calibration
table
LLR table
Adjusts read
calibration.
H1
H1
H1
G1
G1
G1
Data
Data
Error correction requires an advanced LDPC algorithm (132 bits/1 KB). Huawei-developed SSDs have controller enclosures
with an LDPC algorithm that equals the algorithm of enterprise-class SSD controllers.
Huawei controller enclosures also integrate hard decision, soft decision, and DSP.
SmartFSP 3.0 determines the optimal read voltage so that the correct data is read simultaneously for improved read reliability.
10x superior to competitors (10-17
)
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Disk Reliability
— Intra-Disk DIF Preventing Silent Data Corruption
CRC App tag REF tag
Data block DIF
8 bytes
An REF tag is generally the first four bytes of a logical
block addressing (LBA). DIF uses the tag to prevent data
replacement faults.
Applications assign an application tag for data verification and
protection at the application level.
CRC protects the integrity of data blocks with cyclic redundancy checks.
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LBA 16 LBA 17 … LBA 100 Parity data
LBA 101 LBA 160 … LBA 10 Parity data
LBA 200 LBA 201 … LBA 18 Parity data
LBA 30 LBA 128 … LBA N Parity data
LBA 201 …
Channel 0 Channel 1
Page 0
Channel 16
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
…
Page N
Channel P
Avoids data distortion and prevents the service from reading error data.
Disk Reliability
— Data Inspection Algorithm Prevents Data Distortion
Checks full-disk data in the background.
Detects data correction limit and potentially distorted data.
Migrates data immediately.
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16 17 … 100 P 0
101 160 … 10 P 1
3000 1280 … n P m
ch 0 ch 1 ch n-1
60
11
n+1
ch n ch P
PBA 0
PBA 1
PBA m
P m+1
PBA m+1
1. Detects a damaged block.
2. Creates a new RAID group to store all the RAID group data.
3. Uses the RAID algorithm to recover the damaged block and
migrates data in all blocks.
4. Wastes space by shielding the entire RAID group with the damaged block.
16 17 … 100 60
60
60 16 17 100 P 0
101 160 … 10 P 1
3000 1280 … n P m
ch 0 ch 1 ch n-1
11
n+1
ch n ch P
PBA 0
PBA 1
PBA m
P m+1
PBA m+1
1. Detects a damaged block.
2. Creates a new RAID group to store all the RAID group data.
3. Uses the RAID algorithm to recover the damaged block and
migrates data in all blocks.
4. Reconstructs the remaining blocks into a new RAID group.
… 60
60 P m+2
Conventional RAID
The entire RAID group of a damaged block requires data
migration and shielded space to recover data.
Huawei dynamic RAID
Only a damaged block is shielded. The remaining blocks
reconstruct a new RAID group.
A large amount of flash space is wasted. Space utilization improves by 4.3%.
Disk Reliability
— Built-in Dynamic RAID Fully Utilizing SSDs
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System-level RAID 5, 6, and TP:
tolerates simultaneous failures of
up to 3 disks
Disk Reliability
— RAID at the SSD and System Levels for Solid Reliability
SSDs at the end of their service life cannot implement disk recovery with only SSD-level RAID for faults (such as a
two-channel fault). System-level RAID is invoked to recover data.
Faulty SSD data moves to a functional SSD to protect intra-disk OP, performance, and reliability.
SSD-level RAID 4: data reliability
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Architecture Reliability
— SmartMatrix Sets a New Benchmark
• Tolerates failure of 1
controller enclosure
Vendor E
Interconnection:
back-end (2-
controller)
OceanStor
Dorado
Full interconnection:
front and back-ends
Vendor H
Interconnection: front-
end (full); back-end
(4-controller)
1-controller
failure
2-controller
failure
7-controller
failure
Ever solid architecture
• Tolerates failures of
up to 7 controllers
BIM**
CPU
CPU CPU CPU
FIM*
Global cache
BIM
CPU CPU
CPU
CPU
FIM
Global cache BIM
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU
FIM
Global
cache
BIM
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU
FIM
Global
cache
*Front-end interconnect I/O module (FIM)
**Back-end interconnect I/O module (BIM)
SmartMatrix
Tolerance
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Shared Back-End
FIM
FIM
BIM
BIM
Architecture Reliability
— E2E Full Mesh for Service Continuity
A FIM connects to 4 controllers through PCIe ports to
access all the controllers in active-active mode using
multi-channel technology.
The controllers in an enclosure are fully interconnected
through a passive backplane.
Cross-enclosure expansion: 100 Gbit/s RDMA shared
interface modules connect to 8, 12, or 16 controllers.
A BIM is installed in a controller enclosure. All
controllers can simultaneously access an SSD
enclosure connected to the BIM.
A smart SSD enclosure has 2 groups of uplink ports
that connect to 2 controller enclosures. The SSD
enclosure connects to 8 controllers.
Network
adapter
Network
adapter
Host I/Os
192
cores
One FIM shared by 4 controllers
Fully interconnected controllers
2 controller enclosures connected to 1 smart
SSD enclosure
Shared Back-End
FIM
FIM
BIM
BIM
192
cores
192
cores
192
cores
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SSD enclosure
Controller enclosure
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
BE BE
Controller enclosure
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
BE BE
Controller enclosure
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
BE BE
Controller enclosure
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
BE BE
SSD enclosure
Controller enclosure
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
BE BE
Controller enclosure
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
BE BE
SSD enclosure
FE Front-end interface
module
Ctrl Controller
BE Back-end interface
module
Cache data
Concurrent 2-controller
failure
1-controller-enclosure
failure
Consecutive 7-controller
failure
Architecture Reliability
— Tolerance of Failure of Up to 7 Controllers
1-controller failure: cache image
reconstruction
Tolerance of 7-controller failure
3 cache copies on 2 controller
enclosures
1-controller-enclosure failure: at
least 1 cache copy available
3 cache copies on 3 controllers
2-controller failure: at least 1
cache copy available
Industry-leading:
continuous cache
mirroring
Industry-first:
3-copy across
controller
enclosures
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Architecture Reliability
— Industry-Leading Service Continuity
Front end
Back end
• I/O interface module connected to 1
controller
• Controller failure: front-end link
switching
• Interface module shared by controllers
• Controller failure: 0 front-end link
switching
• Interface module shared by controllers
• Controller failure: 0 front-end link
switching, 0 impact on hosts
• SSD enclosure connected to 2
controllers (1 controller enclosure)
• 2-controller failure: service disruption
• SSD enclosure connected to 4
controllers (1 controller enclosure)
• 4-controller failure: service
disruption
• Global cache: continuous mirroring, 3 copies
across controller enclosures
• SSD enclosure connected to 8 controllers (2
controller enclosures)
• 1-controller-enclosure/2-controller/7-controller
failure: 0 service disruption
Vendor E
2 controllers, scale-out
Vendor H
4 to 8 controllers, scale-out
OceanStor Dorado
Controllers
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Controller enclosure
Architecture Reliability
— Continuous Front-End Link in the Event of Controller Failure
Controller enclosure
Shared
frontend
Controller Controller Controller Controller
Shared
frontend
Shared
frontend
Shared
frontend
Shared
backend
Shared
backend
Shared
backend
Shared
backend
Controller
FIM
Controller
FIM
Controller
FIM
Controller
FIM
Back plane
FC or ETH
network
Servers
• The FIMs are linked to servers independently regardless of
controller failures.
Data
• Each I/O goes to a specific storage controller through the
backplane.
• Faulty controller I/Os redirect to another functioning
controller for a continuous link between the FIM and the
server.
Data
Data
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Huawei
Vendor H
Vendor E
BE
FE
Ctrl
BE
FE
Ctrl
BE
FE
Ctrl
BE
FE
Ctrl
FE FE
Ctrl Ctrl Ctrl Ctrl
BE BE
FE FE
Ctrl Ctrl Ctrl Ctrl
BE BE
IOPS
Time
IOPS
Time
IOPS
Time
4s 6s 6s 9s > 9s 1s 1s 1s
Source: Huawei lab
Architecture Reliability
— Seamless Service Switchover in Seconds
FE: front-end interface module Ctrl: controller BE: back-end interface module
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Host
FC switch
System mgmt.
process
I/O process I/O process I/O process
Ctrl 0 Ctrl 1 Ctrl 2 Ctrl 3
I/O components
upgraded within 1s
Continuous link and host
unaware of upgrade
Architecture Reliability
— Non-Disruptive Upgrade in Seconds with Higher Stability and Simplicity
Modular software architecture
94% of components are in user mode and can be upgraded within 1s.
Components on the I/O path can be upgraded within 1s.
Competitor E Competitor H Huawei
Component-
based
upgrade
Length (s) 3–5 > 10 1
Continuous host
link
Yes
√
Yes Yes
Rolling
upgrade
Length (minute) 132 90 30
Continuous host
link
No Yes Yes
I/O process
Device mgmt.
process
Configuration
mgmt. process
NMS process
FIM:
Connects 4 internal links to 4 controllers in an enclosure
Provides 1 communication link to the host through the front-end port
Switches the service link to another controller when any controller restarts
during an upgrade. The host is unaware of the upgrade, and the
communication link is uninterrupted.
The firmware supports loose mappings and patch upgrades. In extreme
scenarios, the FIMs can ensure host linkup.
Restarted during the upgrade
User mode
Kernel mode
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Reliability Architecture
— Flexible Policies of Port Failover Groups for Service Continuity
Current port
LIF LIF
Port 1
Port 2
Bond 1
Bond 2
Default failover group
Failover
Default failover group
Current port
VLAN
LIF LIF LIF LIF
VLAN
VLAN
VLAN
VLAN
VLAN
VLAN failover group
Failover
Current bond
VLAN
LIF LIF LIF LIF
VLAN
Port 1
Bond 4
Bond 2
Port 8
User-defined failover group
Failover
VLAN failover group User-defined failover group
If a port is faulty, the storage device
fails over the LIFs of this port to a port
with the same location, type (physical
or bond), rate (GE or 10GE), and MTU
on the peer controller.
If a VLAN port is faulty, the storage device fails
over the LIFs to a normal VLAN port that has the
same tag and MTU in the failover group. Use this
failover group for easier deployment of LIFs
when VLANs are used.
The user manually specifies the ports in a
failover group. If a port is faulty, the system
finds a proper port from the specified group
member ports.
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Architecture Reliability
— E2E Active-Active Design for Ever Solid Load Balancing
1
2
3
4
Huawei-developed multipathing software
Front-end interconnect I/O module
Global cache
RAID 2.0+
Front-end interconnect I/O module Front-end interconnect I/O module
Back-end interconnect I/O module Back-end interconnect I/O module
A B C D A B C D
Distributes I/Os evenly to all front-end ports
Access load balancing
Distributes I/Os evenly to all controllers
Front-end load balancing
All controllers process service requests
Controller load balancing
Distributes data evenly to all SSDs
Disk load balancing
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System Reliability
— Fully Redundant System Architecture for Hot-Swappable Components
Management module
Interface module
System subrack
Controller
BBU
Power module
Fan module
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System Reliability
— RAID-TP Provides Customized Protection for SSDs
Simultaneous 3-disk failure without service interruption
Traditional RAID
RAID-TP
Reconstruction of 1 TB data
15 minutes
5 hours
SSD failure toleration
Traditional RAID: up to 2 SSDs
Huawei RAID-TP: simultaneous 3-SSD failure
Data reconstruction
Traditional RAID: 5 hours
RAID-TP: 1 TB of data within 15 minutes
Large-capacity SSDs lead to double the capacity (up to 32 TB) and 5x to 10x the failure rate
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System Reliability
— Enclosure-level Redundancy Tolerates Disk Enclosure Failure for
HA of Core Systems
Tolerates simultaneous failure of a single
SSD enclosure and an additional SSD
Enclosure-level redundancy:
• Supports RAID 6, RAID TP, and RAID 10
• Tolerates the failure of a single disk
enclosure without interrupting services
• RAID-TP permits to lose one enclosure
while tolerating the failure of one more
SSD without interrupting services
(Typically, the failure of one disk
enclosure is tolerable in the industry)
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System Reliability
— Comprehensive Enterprise-Grade Features
Wide range of enterprise-
grade features
Hybrid
cascaded
snapshot and
clone
Multiple disk
domains or dual
controllers
Cross-domain
clone
Snapshot
consistency
group
Periodic
snapshots within
3 seconds
LUN copy
Protection
consistency group
Forward and
reverse incremental
copy
DR star
networking (3DC) Cloud backup
Enhanced hardware and
software reliability
* The preceding software features are mainly for SAN. Currently, NAS supports only snapshots and asynchronous replication.
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System Reliability
— ROW and Multi-Time-Point Tech for Snapshots With Seamless Performance
Source
TP0
TP1
TP2
HyperCDP_0
HyperSnap_0
HyperClone_3
TP0
HyperSnap_1
TP0
HyperSnap_2
TP0
HyperSnap_3
TP1
HyperClone_3
HyperClone_1
HyperClone_2
2. Cross-level rollback
3. Cascaded snapshot
1. Creates clone with read-only snapshot
Clone creation with HyperCDP
1.
Point-in-time tech for cross-level snapshot rollback
2.
TP1
TP1
TP2
TP2
Point-in-time redirection for cascaded snapshot
and clone
3.
Read-only snapshot clone
Unlimited snapshot rollback
Hybrid cascaded snapshot and clone
Snapshots with perfect performance using ROW and multi-time-point technologies
No need to copy original
data
0 performance loss
Data availability anytime,
anywhere
Only pointers modified
Cross-level rollback
Cascaded
snapshot/clone
Writable snapshot
Snapshot interval in
seconds
3. Cascaded clone
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Avoids multiple copies to improve space utilization
Copies less data to reduce performance loss
Stable performance during:
Snapshot activation
Continuous snapshotting (interval: seconds)
The whole lifecycle
Servers
Storage
Production (10 TB)
Testing (40 TB) Analysis (80 TB)
Development (40 TB)
Development (4 TB) Testing (4 TB) Analysis (8 TB)
Multi-copy technology
Snapshot-based
Snapshot 1 Snapshot 2
OceanStor Dorado
Traditional storage
Performance
Time
System Reliability
— Stable Performance with Snapshot Enabled
Snapshot applications: development, testing, analytics Stable performance when continuously activating snapshots
Snapshot 3
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System Reliability
— HyperCDP Has Industry-Leading Interval of 3 Seconds (SAN)
LUN/FS TP TP+1 TP+2
CDP 0 CDP 1 CDP 2
TP+N
CDP N
…
…
Snapshot copy
CDP
snapshots
Snapshot copy
Snapshot copy creation
Rollback
HyperCDP only saves the corresponding time points,
surpassing common snapshots with stronger and longer
protection.
A single LUN supports up to 60,000 HyperCDP snapshots.
The minimum snapshot interval is 3 seconds, providing
continuous protection for three days.
Periodic policies with shortest interval
Supports periodic policies by day, week, month, or specific
interval for customized backup.
The multi-time-point and ROW technologies create a data
copy (at a certain point in time) of a source LUN at a
minimum interval of 3s and that of an FS at 15s.
Each CDP snapshot matches a time point of the source
LUN/FS.
More intensive and persistent data protection
Interval: 3s for LUN and 15s for FS
Max. 60,000 for LUN
Max. 4,096 for FS
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System Reliability
— ROW-based Snapshots Without Compromising Performance (NAS)
ROW-based snapshots with uncompromising performance meet fast
backup requirements of unstructured data on premises.
Snapshot creation in seconds
No user data is copied during the snapshot
creation. The snapshot creation can be complete in
one or two seconds.
Periodic creation
Users can configure periodic snapshot creation.
The interval of the snapshots is 15s.
Fast deletion
Deleting a snapshot releases the exclusive data of
that snapshot while having no impact on the data of
the file system and other snapshots. In other words,
only space exclusively occupied by the snapshot is
reclaimed and shared data is retained.
File 1 File 2
File 3
Time
File 1 File 2
File 3
Snapshot
generation
File 4
File 2
File 3
File system
File
system
Snap (T1)
Snap (T2)
Snapshot
generation
File 4
File 2
File 3
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System Reliability
— Innovative SMB 2.0 and SMB 3.0 Failover for Always-On Business
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
BE BE
Ctrl FE
Ctrl
Ctrl
FE
Ctrl
BE BE
Consecutive failure of 7 controllers
• Service data: continuous mirroring + 3 copies for HA
• Protocol handle: continuous mirroring + 3 copies for HA
NAS service NAS service
Unique technology: SMB 2.0 and SMB 3.0 failover
Continuous mirroring and three-copy tech
Permits 7/8 controller failures without service interruption
Service data and protocol
handles in the cache
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DR center
ERP
BI
CRM
HyperMetro
Gateway-free active-active
Production center A Production center B
HyperReplication HyperReplication
OceanStor Dorado
OceanStor
storage system
OceanStor Dorado OceanStor Dorado
Solution Reliability
— Active-Active Solution for SAN and NAS Meets the Most Demanding
Reliability Requirements
• Gateway-free: SAN and NAS convergence, fewer
nodes, and simplified management
• SAN active-active: Load balancing between sites,
RPO = 0, RTO ≈ 0, 50% higher all-IP A-A
performance compared to traditional IP solution
• Industry's only NAS A-A solution
• Scalability to 3DC (SAN) improves reliability.
• Serial, parallel, and star networking (SAN) meets the
most demanding requirements for enterprise reliability.
Lightning-fast and rock-solid
Easy-to-scale
File Sharing
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Solution Reliability
— The Industry's Only All-IP Active-Active Solution for SAN, Improving
Performance by 50%
HyperMetro
gateway-free A-A solution
Production center A Production center B
OceanStor Dorado
OceanStor Dorado
ERP
BI
CRM
VMware
100 Gb RDMA network
Intelligent lossless IP network
• E2E all-IP active-active solution: The front-end interface
modules use 25 Gb/100 Gb RoCE, and the back-end
interface modules use 100 Gb RDMA network. The
active-active links at both ends use the RDMA network
to achieve low latency.
• The A-A solution performance is 50% higher than
that of the traditional IP solution (iSCSI+TCP/IP)
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/B
FSP
/Root
/C/A
/C
/A
/C/C
FSP FSP FSP FSP FSP FSP FSP
/A/B
Solution Reliability
— The Industry's Only Active-Active Solution for NAS
Client A Client B
Site A Site B
FS B
FS A
• The industry's only true A-A
solution for NAS: Both two A-A all-
flash storage arrays provide read
and write capabilities
• All-IP A-A networking: Supports
long-distance DR
• In the event of a failure, no
manual intervention is required.
Services automatically fail over
and back.
• Tenant-level management and
active-active function
vNode vNode vNode vNode
...
Controller A Controller B Controller A Controller B
...
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Host
1 Write command
2 Transfer ready
3 Data transfer
Site A
100 KM
8 Gbit/s FC or
10GE
Two interactions
100 km link transmission: RTT ≈ (1.3 ms) x 2
RTT-2
RTT-1
Traditional
storage
Traditional
storage
Host
Traditional solution
1 Write command
2 Transfer ready
3 Data transfer
8 Successful
transfer
Site A Site B
100 KM
Host
8 Gbit/s FC or
10GE
RTT-1
6 Successful
transfer
FastWrite
Site B
OceanStor
Dorado
OceanStor
Dorado
Host
One interaction
100 km link transmission: One RTT, and service performance improved
by 25%.
Solution Reliability
— FastWrite of the Metro Solution Accelerates Cross-Site Transmission
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Solution Reliability
— Remote Replication Solution of File Systems Achieves RPO in Seconds for
Business Continuity (NAS)
• Supports synchronization of file
configuration and snapshots
• Supports multiple DCs: Serial
(asynchronous + asynchronous), parallel
(asynchronous + asynchronous) (1:16)
RPO in seconds and min. synchronization
of 15s
Asynchronous
remote
replication
Cache Cache
FS A FS B
Primary
site
Secondary
site
1
2 5
4
TP N+1
TP N
TP X+1
TP X
3
SMB/NFS client
Host
Storage
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OceanStor Dorado Vx OceanStor Dorado Vx+1 OceanStor Dorado Vx+2
Zero data migration and
zero service disruption
Solution Reliability
— FlashEver Ensures Zero Data Migration for Always-On Services
Individual replacement of controllers
or SSD enclosures instead of
replacing the entire system
Free access to next-gen hardware for
a 20% performance increase
New upgrade model
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Solution Reliability
— FlashEver Grants Seamless Services for New-Gen Hardware Upgrades
Legacy controller enclosure
I/O I/O
Step 1
Remove an existing
controller and install
a new controller.
Switch services to new controllers.
Step 2
Repeat step 1 to
replace all other
controllers.
Data in place (DIP) upgrade for zero service
interruption or data migration
New
controller
Legacy controller enclosure
New controller
Storage controller upgrade
SSD enclosure replacement without service interruption
SSD enclosure upgrade
Legacy SSD enclosure New SSD enclosure
Legacy controller enclosure
Takeover from third-party storage devices and reuse of the legacy storage
system. Services smoothly migrate to OceanStor Dorado devices.
.
Traditional storage OceanStor Dorado
eDevLUN Target
LUN
Data Data
Original path New path
Takeover
path
Heterogeneous virtualization and
third-Party storage reuse
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Zero service downtime, zero data loss
DC 1 DC 2 Cloud DR center
Cloud Reliability
— Converged Data Management for the Most Comprehensive DR Convergence
• Active-active data protection for
uninterrupted data services
• Continuous data protection within
seconds for zero data loss
• Snapshot copy available instantly for
service recovery in minutes
• Cloud backup and recovery
• Unified management on and
off clouds simplifies O&M
Second-level Minute-level Hour-level
Service
recovery
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*CloudBackup: Available in 2021.
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Converged SAN and NAS: One System for Multiple Workloads
Block service
Storage pool
File service
RAID 2.0+
iSCSI/FC NFS/CIFS
Parallel SAN and NAS
Gateway-free
All-in-one block and file storage and NAS gateway-free design for
20% lower procurement costs.
Parallel architecture
Parallel SAN and NAS provide different workloads with optimal
access paths for the highest access performance.
Healthcare
HIS/PACS
Finance
Cheque imaging
Government
E-Gov./OA systems
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Flash Storage Convergence for Different Types, Levels, and
Generations
OceanStor Dorado
3000/5000/6000
OceanStor Dorado
8000/18000
OceanStor Hybrid
Flash Storage
OceanStor Dorado V3
Different types: OceanStor Dorado and OceanStor
hybrid flash
Different levels: OceanStor Dorado High-end, mid-
range, and entry-level
Different generations: OceanStor Dorado V3
Interconnected services for free data mobility
Unified management for 50% lower complexity
High-end + entry-level products for customer savings
HyperReplication
Different architecture
Different generations
Low data mobility
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SmartContainer: Built-in Containers Converge Storage and
Computing for More Efficient Data Processing
LUN/File System
Kubernetes
(active)
Micro
VM
Micro
VM
Customized
Hypervisor
Customized
Kernel
Containerized
App
Containerized
App
iSulad (openEuler)
Micro
VM
App
dependence
library
Containerized
App
Customized
Kernel
Kubernetes
(standby)
Micro
VM
Micro
VM
Customized
Hypervisor
Customized
Kernel
Containerized
App
Containerized
App
iSulad (openEuler)
Micro
VM
App
dependence
library
Containerized
App
Customized
Kernel
• Secure container: Customizes OS kernels to isolate
from the system kernel
• Common container: Directly uses the OS kernel
• Kubernetes: The container management platform
that uses one-active-multiple-standby mode and can
be deployed internally or externally
1
2
3
1 2
3
• Storage SAN/NAS storage space can be shared to
container applications.
• The storage system provides the image repository
space and running system space for containers.
• Unified management portal: DM/CLI provides the
container configuration management page.
Suitable for low-latency or data-intensive applications, accelerating performance and simplifying O&M
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SmartQoS Ensures the Efficient Operation of Critical Services
Tenant-based QoS control
• Sets QoS limits for tenant-level
IOPS/bandwidth
File system-level QoS control
• Sets QoS limits for file system-level
IOPS/bandwidth
• Tenant-level QoS and file system QoS
policies can take effect at the same time
SmartQoS control (upper-limit)
• Limits the IOPS, bandwidth, and latency
SmartQoS control (lower-limit)
• Sets minimum performance
Tenant B Tenant C
FS1
FS2
FS3
FS1
FS2
FS3
Tenant A
FS1
FS2
FS3
Storage
administrator
Tenant QoS control
Critical service isolation
QoS: 800 MB/s QoS: 2 GB/s
QoS: 200 MB/s
1 GB/s
700 MB/s
300 MB/s
800 MB/s
200 MB/s
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Intelligent Quota Management Helps Maximize
Storage Space (NAS)
Directory
quota
User
quota
User group
quota
Quota
Type
Space Yes Yes Yes
File quantity quota Yes Yes Yes
Threshold
Space hard quota Yes Yes Yes
File quantity hard
quota
Yes Yes Yes
Space soft quota Yes Yes Yes
File quantity soft
quota
Yes Yes Yes
OceanStor Dorado NAS
Dtree 1
• Dtrees can be created for multiple directories.
• File system quotas and dtree quotas can be effective
simultaneously.
• Supports the default user quota in a specific group, default
user quota, and default group quota.
Soft
quota
Hard
quota
500 GB
800
GB
Dtree 2
1,000 files 3,000 files
Dtree N
1 TB 2 TB
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SmartMulti-Tenant for Simplified Management (NAS)
APP
VM
APP
VM
APP
VM
vStore
NFS/CIFS
HR dept.
APP
VM
APP
VM
APP
VM
vStore
NFS/CIFS
Production dept.
OceanStor Dorado
Multi-tenant network isolation
• A client that connects to a specified
logic interface (LIF) can only
access the file systems and
snapshots of the vStore that owns
the LIF.
Multi-tenant business isolation
• Configuration
• Access
• Data
Customer benefits
• Lower software and hardware costs
• Higher resource allocation flexibility
• Simplified configuration and
management
• Solid data security
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Three Intelligent Layers: Full-Lifecycle Data
Management for the Intelligent Era
eService
DeviceManager
Cloud Brain for intelligent O&M
Execution engine and automatic
management
Intelligent devices and simplified
configuration
Automation engine Prediction engine
Policy engine Analytics engine
Self-learning Self-optimization
Cloud Intelligent
Center Intelligent
Device Intelligent
Expert experience
* DME: Data Management Engine
Model training
Intelligent
prediction
Call Home service
DME*
Intelligent model training
Intelligent model application
Intelligent
hardware and algorithms
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DeviceManager: Easy-to-Use, Intelligent Device Management
Simplified GUI
Unified portal for multiple services:
>50%higher management efficiency
Simplified deployment
I/Os provisioning in three steps:
64% faster deployment
Simplified protection
Protection group management from the app perspective:
75% fewer operations
Create protection groups
Active-active
consistency group
Clone consistency
group
Replication
consistency group
Snapshot
consistency group
Integrated GUI
HDFS*
File Name Object*
Block
Create hosts Create mapping views
Create LUNs
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
4 clicks 1 click 6 clicks 2 clicks 1 click
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eService: Cloud Brain for Proactive, Predictive, and Intelligent O&M
Fault feedback Real-time access
Proactive
model
push
Predictive
risk
management
60 days
Performance
bottleneck prediction
14 days
Disk fault
prediction
365 days
Capacity trend
prediction
93%
Intelligent Fault
Diagnosis
Mobile O&M
HTTPs
secure links
eService devices Data and storage
eService cloud systems
Intelligent
remote O&M
Fault model
training
Huawei technical
support center
>2,000 fault types
>2 PB feature data
>1,000 app scenarios
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China CITIC Bank: one of the first commercial banks in China, ranking No.27 in Tier 1 capital on the Top 1000 World
Banks 2018 list
Data source
Operational Data Store (ODS)
Off-peak Peak
00:00 00:00
!
7 hours
3 hours
Now
Before
08:00 a.m.
Extraction Consolidation Analytics
CITIC Bank
— 2x Faster ODS for Big Data Analytics and Decision-Making
Off-peak data consolidation lowers costs
and shortens the process from 7 to 3
hours for 0 impact on big data analytics
and decision-making.
Supervision and
reporting
Risk control
Operational
analytics
Product
management
Online banking
Credit system
Credit card
Integrated
core system
2x faster ODS system
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s
Hi3G: a leading telecom solutions provider based in Sweden and awarded Best Mobile Network Supplier five years in a row
Hi3G
— Reliable Core Billing Systems Manage Exponential Service Growth
Billing
CRM
BI
Solution: replacing legacy storage
Pain points:
• 30% decrease in the system performance after snapshots enablement
• Unreliable service quality late in device lifecycle
Uncompromising performance
Snapshots do not impact performance, allowing for multiple
snapshots a week
24/7 services
Gateway-free active-active design for always-on services
Effortless migration
Online migration for non-disruptive services
Hi3G
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Now
67%
Before
4.5 hours
1.5 hours
Now
83%
Before
60 minutes
10 minutes
BYD
— Smart Manufacturing Accelerates Data Extraction by 67%
BYD: China's largest private carmaker and new-energy vehicle leader
BW data extraction:
4.5 hours → 1.5 hours
Transfer of 1000 spare parts:
1 hour → 10 minutes
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Silver Gold
5-10 ms
200 IOPS per TB
1-5 ms
500 IOPS per TB
Bronze
> 10 ms
20 IOPS per TB
Platinum
0.5 ms
1000 IOPS per TB
High availability of core database
resource pools
The gateway-free active-active solution meets
the most stringent enterprise-class reliability
requirements with six-nines availability for
mission-critical services.
Powerful competitive edges
Lower O&M costs grant greater competitive edge
in leasing.
Platinum storage leasing
0.5 ms latency meets user service requirements
and yields more business opportunities.
ACESI
— Expands Business with Platinum Storage Leasing Services
ACESI: the largest provider of cloud leasing in Eastern France
100 VM Deployment
3x faster service rollout
30 minutes → 10 minutes
"Huawei helped us provide leasing
for high-performance storage
space and eliminated our worries
over resource shortages. We can
provide more competitive services
with Dorado deduplication and
compression. We are planning to
move all our data to Huawei
OceanStor Dorado."
— Marco Geraci
CTO of ACESI
Storage leasing services
30 minutes
10 minutes
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Widiba: an online banking branch of Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena S.p.A. (MPS), one of the oldest banks in the world
HyperMetro
Gateway-free active-active
Widiba
— Expands Customer Horizons with Digital Banking
Camera identification
and authentication
Voice
biometrics
Transaction
history
Payment and
settlement
Channel
access
Siena
Florence
Online registration and transactions
Online financial services Customer service chatbots
Now
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Before
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