Slides for Pentateuch 3 - Leviticus and Numbers Class 03 The Sin and Trespass offerings

1. The Study of Leviticus
Class 3
The Sin offering and the
Trespass offering

2. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
The sin offering
 The burnt offering was a sacrifice for sin (because
of the sin nature), but this offering was for the
atonement of committed sins.
 There were four variations of this offering:
 For the priest
 For the congregation
 For the prince
 For the common people

3. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
 Depending on the position occupied by the
worshiper, his sin could be more or less serious.
 It was not an offering of a sweet smelling aroma,
and for this offering the animal had to be burned
outside of the camp, representing God’s
displeasure with sin.

4. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
 The sin offering symbolizes Christ bearing the sin
of the sinner, not as in the case of a sweet smelling
savor, where Christ is portrayed in his own
perfection.

5. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
 The ritual
 The sin offering was specifically for sins committed in
ignorance, and did not refer to insolent and arrogant
transgressors, for which no atonement could be
made (Numbers 15:30-31).
 Christ’s sacrifice however, is greater and more
perfect, because it covers all types of sins.

6. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
1. The animal
 The animal that was used for the sacrificed
depended on the amount of responsibility that the
person in need of redemption had.

7. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
 For a priest or for common people all that was necessary
was a calf. Leviticus 4:3, 13
 For a Prince a goat was required. Leviticus 4:23
 A poor person could offer a lamb, two turtledoves or two
young pigeons (4:32 ,33, 5:7). If not even this was possible
the person could bring one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour.
Leviticus 5:11
 The only common demand is that the animal had to be
without blemish.

8. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
2. When the sin offering was given
 In Leviticus 5:1-4 we read that there were only three
motives for making this offering:
 Sins of omission (Leviticus 5:1)
 Ceremonial sins (Leviticus 5:2-3)
 Unintentional sins (Leviticus 5:4)

9. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
 The sin offering was not for transgressors, but for
those who live holy lives and unintentionally
committed a sin of omission or sinned in ignorance.

10. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
4. Presenting the animal
 There were several variations of the sin offering
depending on the type of worshiper involved.
 The presentation of the victim differed from the burnt
offering only in this aspect that here the worshipper
declares himself as a sinner before God.

11. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
5. The laying on of hands
 In this sacrifice the laying on of hands is clearly
associated with confession and repentance of sin
(Leviticus 5:5).

12. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
6. The death of the animal
 After the laying on of hands the animal becomes a
substitute for the sinner. The penalty and the sin are
passed to the animal whose throat is slit before the
Lord.

13. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
7. Presenting the blood
 In the sin offering of the priest and the people as a
whole the blood had to be sprinkled in the holy place
seven times before the veil (4:6). Also the blood was
sprinkled over the horns of the altar of incense (4:7).
The rest of the blood was poured around the altar of
the burnt offering in the outer court.

14. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
 The blood sprinkled on the horns points to the power
of the blood to restore our fellowship with God in
prayer. The horns point to power and the altar of
incense points to prayer.

15. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
 In the remaining types, the blood was sprinkled only
on the horns of the altar of the burnt sacrifice and the
rest was sprinkled around its base.
 This shows the reality of judgment of the brazen
altar, it is based on the blood.

16. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
8. The fat was burned
 Only the fat of the animal was burned on the altar.
 It is interesting to observe that in the burnt offering
everything belongs to God, but in the sin offering
everything belongs to man.

17. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
9. The flesh of the animal
 In the case of an offering for the priest or for the
people the blood could not be eaten, but the animal
had to be burned outside of the camp.

18. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
 In Leviticus 4:12, we see that the animal had to be
burned outside of the camp. This is why Jesus
suffered outside of Jerusalem, through his blood, to
sanctify the people.
 In the rest of the cases the flesh was eaten by the
priest. Upon eating the flesh of the animal the priest
was removing the iniquity of the congregation in
order to make atonement for it before God (10:17).

19. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
The trespass offering
1. The distinction between a sin and a trespass
 Both of the sacrifices were made with confession of
sins and the death of the animal, but the trespass
offering had one more detail: the need to make
restitution.

20. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
2. When it had to be offered - Leviticus 6:2-3
 When a person sinned, and comited an offense against the
Lord, and
 Lies to his neighbor about what was delivered to him for
safekeeping, or about a pledge,
 Or about a robbery,
 Or if he has extorted anything from his neighbor;
 Or if he has found what was lost and lies concerning it, and
swears falsely
 In any one of these things that a man may do in which he
sins. Leviticus 6:2-3

21. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
 If the sin caused material loss to one’s neighbor,
the offering demanded that restitution be made to
fix the problem.
 This restitution had two distinct aspects:
 To correct unfaithfulness in the things of God;
 To make amends for material harm caused to a
neighbor.

22. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
3. Four types of sin
The book of Leviticus deals specifically with the
following sins.
 a. The failure to give testimony to a public order
 b. Touching of a dead body
 c. Touching anything unclean
 d. Careless speaking

23. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
 The trespass offering, like the sin offering, was not a
sweet smelling aroma before the Lord. It could not
contain oil or incense, which symbolize the presence
of the Spirit and fellowship with God.

24. Leviticus - Chap. 4
The sin offering
4. Restitution
 If someone sinned against the sacred things of the
Lord, they should make a guilt offering and make
restitution of 20% of the value of the holy things.
 This shows us that the offering in itself was not
enough, restitution was also necessary including
interest. Repentance implies restitution.