1. ENGLISH
GRADE 11
BASIC
NAME:
CLASS:
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2. TENSES
The Present Simple Tense
1. Use
a. diễn tả một hành động hoặc một thói quen ở hiện tại, trạng từ đi kèm: always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally,
seldom, rarely, every…….)
Ex: I usually go to school in the afternoon.
b. diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật luôn luôn đúng
Ex: The earth moves around the sun
c,có 2 dạng động từ ở hiện tại đơn là động từ to be và động từ thường. to be gồm am, is, are còn lại là động từ thường.
2. cách chia động từ to be
a. chủ ngữ (S) ở dạng số nhiều: they, we, you, girls….
Khẳng định: S + are……
Phủ định: S + are + not……
Nghi vấn: are + S ……?
eg: these baby dogs are cute. these baby dogs are not cute. Are these baby dogs cute?
b. S ở dạng số ít: he, she, it, girl……..
Khẳng định: S + is ……
Phủ định: S + is + not…...
Nghi vấn: is + S…….?
Eg: the dog is cute. the dog is not cute. Is the dog cute?
Ex: put the verb in the correct form.
1. We...........................friends
2. Nam and Lan............................a nice couple
3. Quang........................an engineer
4. My brother and I..........................tailors
5. Ha noi..................one of the noisiest cities in Vietnam
6. I........................your best friend
7. You.........................so clever
8. It........................very cold today
9. She............................beaufiful
10. The Sun..........................so hot
11. Her father.........................a taxi driver
12. Mr. Nam............................our English teacher
13. The children..........................in Sa Pa now
14. That.........................my house
15. It..........................a cute dog
16. My schoolbag..........................red
17. The chair..........................brown
18. The weather..........................rainy today
19. Monkeys.........................funny
20. Jean........................my classmate
3, cách chia động từ thường
A, chủ ngữ ở dạng số nhiều như : I, we, you, they, people, girls….
Khẳng định: động từ giữ nguyên ở dạng nguyên thể: S + Vo
Eg: they run away. We play the guitar.
Phủ định: S + do + not + Vo. Viết tắt don’t
Eg: they do not run away We don’t play the guitar
Nghi vấn: Do +S + Vo
Eg: Do we play the guitar? Do they run away?
B, Chủ ngữ ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít: He, She, It,girl……….
Khẳng định:
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3. a. thêm s vào động từ thường
Ex: Lan often gets up early in the morning.
b. Thêm “ES” vào sau các động từ tận cùng là: ch, sh, s, x, o, z.
Ex: He watches a lot of TV on Sundays.
WATCH -->HE WATCHES...
GO --> SHE GOES...
DO --> HE DOES...
MISS -- SHE MISSES...
WASH --> HE WASHES...
MIX --> SHE MIXES...
DOZE --> HE DOZES...
C, khi động từ tận cùng là y, đổi y thành i rồi thêm es Eg: fly -> it flies
Phủ định: S + does + not +Vo. Viết tắt doesn’t
Eg: Lan does not get up early in the morning. He doesn’t watch a lot of TV on Sundays
Nghi vấn: does + S + Vo
Does he watch a lot of TV on Sundays? Does Lan get up early in the morning?
Ex: put the verb in the correct form
1.I ( eat) my breakfast in the kitchen everyday
2.These boys often ( play) football at weekend
3.It (rain ) in winter
4.The sun ( rise ) in the east
5.I (think) he is very lazy
6.Why you (look) so sad?
7.Bad students never (work) hard
8.She ( go) to school three days a week
9. She (not, drive) motocar.
10. these boys (learn) hard?
11. he (drink) alcohol?
12. these girls (play) badminton?
13. it (rain) heavily in summer?
14. you ( know) the little boy over there?
15.Jean (watch) TV every night.
EXERCISES
Put the verbs in parentheses into the present simple tense
1. I (be) ________________ at school at the weekend.
2. She (not study) ________________ on Friday.
3. My students (be not) ________________ hard working.
4. He (have) ________________ a new haircut today.
5. I usually (have) ________________ breakfast at 7.00.
6. She (live) ________________ in a house?
7. Where your children (be) ________________?
8. My sister (work) ________________ in a bank.
9. Dog (like) ________________ meat?
10. She (live)________________ in Florida.
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4. 11. It (rain)________________ almost every day in Manchester.
12. We (fly)________________ to Spain every summer.
13. My mother (fry)________________ eggs for breakfast every morning.
14. The bank (not, close)________________ at four o'clock.
15. John (try)________________ hard in class, but I (not think) ________________ he'll pass.
16. Jo is so smart that she (pass)________________ every exam without even trying.
17. My life (be) so boring. I just (watch)________________ TV every night.
18. Your best friend (write)________________ to you every week. ?
19. You (speak) ________________ English?
20. She (not live) ________________ in HaiPhong city.
21. He (be ) ________________a doctor.
22. She (watch)________________ television every day?
23. We (not, go)________________ to school on Sundays.
24. you often (get up)________________ early?
25. Your mother usually (buy)________________ vegetables in this market?
26. His friend and he often (go) ________________to school by bike?
27. My girlfriend (not, be)________________ a beautiful girl.
28. The concert often (begin)________________ at 7pm.
29. My father (have)________________ coffee for breakfast every day.
30. The students never (work)________________ hard.
The Present Progressive Tense
1. Form
- Affirmative: S + am/is/are + V-ing……
- Negative: S + am/is/are + not + V-ing…..
- Interrogative: Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing ….?
Notes: I +am
He, she, it, danh từ số ít +is
We, you, they, danh từ số nhiều + are
2. Use
Diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra trong lúc nói (now, right now, at the moment, at this time, at present….)
Ex: - I am looking for the latest newspaper now.
- They are watching a sport game show at the moment.
3. Note: Một số động từ không sử dụng được ở thì tiếp diễn mà thường dùng thì hiện tại đơn:
1_ Động từ chỉ giác quan: hear(nghe); see(nhận thấy; thấy); smell(bốc mùi); taste(có vị).
2_ Động từ chỉ tình cảm, cảm xúc: like; hate(ghét); dislike(không thích); love; need; want...
3_ Động từ chỉ hoạt động tinh thần: agree(đồng ý); believe(tin tưởng); forget(quên); know(biết);
remember(nhớ); understand(hiểu)...
4_ Động từ chỉ sở hữu và một số các động từ khác: have(có); own(sở hữu); belong(thuộc về); appear(có
vẻ); seem (dường như)...
Eg: - We are tenth-grade students now.
- I understand the lesson at the moment.
Ex 1: chia động từ ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn.
1. Please be quiet. I _______________________ (try) to read my book.
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5. 2. I _______________________ (not/use) the computer at the moment so you can use it.
3. Mary is ill so Sue _______________________ (teach) her 1essons today.
4. Excuse me, I _______________________ (look) for a hotel. Is there one near here?
5. _______________________ (you/wait) for someone?
6. Jack, you are very careless. You _______________________ (always/forget) to do your
homework!
7. The cost of living _______________________ (rise) very fast. Every year things are more
expensive.
8. What _______________________ (you/do)? I _______________________ (clean) my shoes.
9. Why you _______________________ (wear) shorts? It's so cold today.
10. The neighbours are so noisy! They _______________________ (always/argue) 1oudly.
11.My father (have)________________ coffee for breakfast at the present
12.right now the students (study)________________ new lession.
13.Our mother (buy)________________ vegetables in this market at the moment?
14. John (not read) ________________ a book now.
15. What you (do) ________________ tonight?
16. Jack and Peter (work) ________________ late today.
17. Silvia (not listen) ________________ to music at the moment.
18. Maria (sit) ________________ next to Paul right now.
19. How many other students you (study) ________________ with today?
20. He always (make) ________________ noisy at night.
21. Where your husband (be) ________________?
22. She (wear) ________________ earrings today.
23. The weather (get) ________________ cold this season.
24. My children (be)________________ upstairs now. They (play)________________ games.
25. Look! The bus (come)________________.
26. He (borrow) ________________me money at the moment.
27. While I (do)________________ my housework, my husband (read)________________ books.
Ex 2: chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc với 2 thì hiện tại đơn giản và hiện tại tiếp diễn.
1. She a1ways _______________ (remember) my birthday.
2. Mr Brown _______________ (work) in a supermarket.
3. Look! It _______________ (snow).
4. Can you hear those girls? What _______________ (they/ta1k) about?
5. _______________ (you/know) Helen?
6. My father _______________ (be) an engineer, but he _______________ (not/work) right now.
7. _______________ (you/believe) in ghosts?
8. My parents _______________ (live) in Sydney. Where _______________ (your
parents/1ive)?
9. Can you drive? No, but I _______________ (learn) at the moment.
10.Hurry! The bus _______________ (come). I _______________ (not/want) to miss it.
11. I (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day.
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6. 12. My brother (work) __________ in a shoe store this summer.
13. The student (look) ___________ up that new word now.
14. She (go) __________ to school every day.
15. We (do) __________ this exercise at the moment.
16. Miss Helen (read) ___________ a newspaper now.
17. It (rain) __________ very much in the summer. It (rain) _________ now.
18. he never (go) out at midnight.
19. He generally (sing) __________ in English, but today he (sing) __________ in Spanish.
20. We seldom (eat) __________ before 6.30.
21. She sometimes (buy) ___________ vegetables at his market.
22. Be quiet. The baby (sleep) ____________.
23. We always (do) ___________ our exercises carefully.
24. Look. A man (run) ___________ after the train. He (want) ___________ to catch it.
25. It (be) __________ very cold now.
26. John (travel) __________ to England tomorrow.
27. I (need) ____________ some money for my textbooks.
28. Tom (like) __________ to go to the museums.
29. Mary (love) __________ ice-cream.
30. My mother (cook) ___________ some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook)__________ in the
morning
31. I often (leave) __________ the city at weekends.
32. The guests (watch) __________ the TV programmes now.
33. I (see) ___________ you (wear) ___________ your best clothes.
34. The sun (set)___________ in the west.
35. My friend (study) __________ English for an hour every night
The Present Perfect Tense
1. Form
- Affirmative: S + has/have +V3/ed….
- Negative: S + has/have + not + V3/ed…..
- Interrogative: Has/Have + S + V3/ed….?
Notes: chủ ngữ số ít, he,she, it + has
Chủ ngữ số nhiều, we, I, they, you + Have
2. Use
a. diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại (các trạng từ thường dùng: never, ever,
not…yet, since, for, so far, until now, up to now,…….)
Ex: We have learnt English for 5 years.
b. diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra (các trạng từ thường dùng: just, recently, lately).
Ex: She has just gone out.
c. diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không xác định rõ thời gian (already, before)
Ex: Have you seen this movie before?
d. một số cụm từ thường dùng với hiện tại hoàn thành
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7. so far = until now = up to now ,how long .. ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three….
times.
3. Notes
a. Cách dùng của since và for
- SINCE: cho mốc thời gian (2000, September, I last saw you, …)
- FOR: cho khoảng thời gian (3 months, a long time, ages, …)
b. S + has/have +V3/ed…… since + S + V2/ed….
Ex: We have known each other since we worked in this factory.
c. Các trạng từ: never, ever, just, already thường đứng giữa trợ động từ (has/ have) và động từ chính (V3/ed).
Ex: I have already finished my homework.
4, bị động của thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
Cấu trúc: O + Has, Have + been + P2
Eg: (A) They have sold the house recently.
(P) The house has been sold recently
Ex: give the correct form of the verb in present perfect tense.
1. I (try)……………….. to learn English for years, but I (not succeed) ………………..yet.
2. That book (lie) ………………..on the table for weeks. You (not read) ………………..it yet?
3. He (not, be) ………………..here since Christmas.
4. He (write) ………………..a novel for two years, but he (not, finish) ………………..it yet.
5. I (see) ………………..that film several times because I like it.
6. Jack (look)……………….. no trouble with my English lesson up to now.
7. We ( study)……………….. almost every lesson in this book so far.
8. How long you (learn)……………….. English?
9. Tom (never, be)……………….. in Hanoi.
10. I am sorry. I (forget) ………………..that girl’s name already.
11.Laura never (win) ………………..a beauty contest.
12.I (listen) ………………..to the new Tom Waits CD yet.
13.(you see)……………….. any good films recently.
14.The population of India (increase)……………….. since 1992.
15.You ever (write) ………………..a love letter for Valentine’ Day?
16.You ever (meet)……………….. a famous person.
17.We already (see) ………………..the film at home.
18.Keren (send) ………………..me an email.
19.My boy friend (give)……………….. up smoking for 2 months.
20.They (be)……………….. at the pet shop for 5 minutes.
21.We (do,just) ………………..the shopping for our grandmother.
22.You can have that newspaper. I (finish) ………………..with it yet.
23.There is no more cheese. I (eat) ………………..it all, I’m afraid.
24.The bill isn’t right. They (make)……………….. a mistake.
25.Don’t you want to see this programme? It (start,just).………………..
Ex: Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense
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8. 1. He (practice)_______________ the piano every day.
2. I (believe)____________ you.
3. Bob (see)______________ this movie before.
4. Jorge (read)____________ the newspaper already.
5. Maria (have)_____________ a cold now.
6. He (swim)_____________ right now.
7. Mr. Johnson (work)____________ in the same place for 35 years.
8. We (not begin)_____________ to study for the test yet.
9. John (hate)____________ smoke.
10. Jill always (get up)____________ at 6.00 a.m.
11. Joan (travel)___________ around the world.
12. We (not see)_____________ this movie yet.
13. Terry (mow)__________ the lawn yet.
14. John and I (be)______________ pen pals for nearly 3 years.
15. Maryam (stay)____________ with us at the moment.
16. He (wear)___________ the same coat since he (move)___________ here.
17. I (not see)_____________ your brother recently.
18. Listen to those people! What language they (speak)___________?
19. It (not rain)______________ much in our country in winter.
20. I never (talk)_____________ to such an interesting person.
Ex: Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses.
1/ I (be) __________________ sorry. I (forget) __________________ that fellow’s name already.
2/ Jack (look) __________ forward to his vacation next June.
3/ I (have) __________________ no trouble with my english lessons up to now.
4/ Mr and Mrs Brown (be) ___________________ in New York for 2 months.
5/ Michael (work) __________________ 38 hours a week.
6/ At present, that author (write) ___________________ a novel.
7/ George (do) __________________ good work in this class so far.
8/ The weather( generally, get) __________________ hot in July .
9/ You must wake her up. She (sleep) __________________soundly for 10 hours.
10/ Listen! I (think) __________________ someone (knock) __________________ at the front door.
11/ How long (you learn) __________________ English?
12/ That student (know) __________________ all the new words very well now.
13/ Alice (lose) __________________ her Vienamese-English dictionary.
14/ Fred (just, graduate) __________________ from Oxford University.
15/ The earth (circle) __________________ the sun once every 365 days.
16/ That grandfather clock (stand) __________________ there for as long as I can remember.
17/ That brown briefcase (belong) __________________ to Dr.Rice.
18/ Jim (work) __________________ on his report this year.
19/ Robert (wait) __________________ for you since noon.
20/ That museum (stand) ___________________ here for ceturies.
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9. 21/ The sun (get) __________________ very hot during the afternoon.
22/ Tom (buy) ___________________ a new car next week.
23/ The boys and girls (go) ___________________ home after this lesson.
24/ Davis (play) __________________ football every afternoon.
25/ Up to the present, we (write) __________________ almost every lesson in this book.
THE PAST SIMPLE, THE PAST PROGRESSIVE AND THE PAST PERFECT
The Past Simple Tense
1. Form to be
- Affirmative: S + V2/ed…. S + was/were……
- Negative: S + did + not + V….. S + was/were + not…..
- Interrogative: Did + S + V….? Was/Were + S ….?
Notes: ở động từ tobe: chủ ngữ số ít, he, she, it + was
chủ ngữ số nhiều, I, we, you, they + were
ở động từ thường dạng khẳng định không phân biệt chủ ngữ số ít hay nhiều, khi chia ở quá khứ đơn thì tra
bảng đối với động từ bất quy tắc, thêm ed với động từ theo quy tắc.dạng phủ định và nghi vấn đều dùng trợ động từ
did cho chủ ngữ số ít và số nhiều.
2. Use
a. diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và xác định rõ thời gian (yesterday, ago, last……, in the past, in
1990)
Ex: - My father bought this house 10 years ago.
- Mr. Nam worked here in 1999.
b. diễn tả một loạt hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ
Ex: - Last night, I had dinner, did my homework, watched TV and went to bed.
- When she came here in 1990, she worked as a teacher.
Ex: chia động từ to be ở thì quá khứ đơn
1. he (be)__________in prison 3 years ago.
2. they (be)__________these boys whom the teacher punnished yesterday.
3. Jame(be)__________beautiful before she was injured in the accident?
4. Mary(be,not)__________at the top group last year.
5. we (be,not) __________at the stadium last Sunday.
6. you (be)_________with him in the past?
7. my house (be)__________here until 1980.
8. last night, she (be)__________in her bad temper because of her bad son
9. in the 1990s, he (be)__________ a big star.
10. when she(be)__________a teacher in 2000, she(be)__________at the peak of her energy.
Ex: chia động từ thường ở thì quá khứ đơn
1. We (study)__________ a very hard lesson the day before yesterday.
2. My wife and I (travel) __________to London by air last summer.
3. I (have)__________ a little trouble with my car last week.
4. What you (do) __________yesterday?
5. Our teacher (tell)__________us yesterday that he (visit)__________ England in 1970.
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10. 6. We (watch) __________ a good programme on TV last night.
7. he (meet) __________ Mary last night?
8. I (see, not) __________ him 3 weeks ago.
9. She (lose) __________ her handbag on the train yesterday morning.
10. They (begin) __________ to study at this school 7 years ago?
Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn:
1. Yesterday, I (go)______________ to the restaurant with a client.
2. We (drive) ______________ around the parking lot for 20 mins to find a parking space.
3. When we (arrive) ______________ at the restaurant, the place (be) ______________ full.
4. The waitress (ask) ______________ us if we (have) ________________reservations.
5. I (say)________________, "No, my secretary forgets to make them."
6. The waitress (tell)______________ us to come back in two hours.
7. My client and I slowly (walk) ______________ back to the car.
8. Then we (see) ______ ________a small grocery store.
9. We (stop)________________ in the grocery store and (buy) ______ ________some sandwiches.
10. That (be) ______________ better than waiting for two hours.
11. I (not go) ______________ to school last Sunday.
12. She (get) ______________ married last year?
13. What you (do) ______________ last night?
- I (do) _____________________ my homework.
14. I (love) ______________ him but no more.
15. Yesterday, I (get) ______________ up at 6 and (have) ______________ breakfast at 6.30.
Ex: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.
1/ We (never watch) __________________ that TV programme.
2/ We (watch) __________________ a good programme on TV last night.
3/ He (read) __________________ that novel many times before.
4/ He (read) __________________ that novel again during my last vacation.
5/ I (have) __________________ a little trouble with my car last week.
6/ However, I (have) __________________ no trouble with my car since then.
7/ I (not see) __________________ John for a long time. I (see) __________________ him 3 weeks ago.
8/ The school bell (ring) __________________. We must go now.
9/ I (meet) __________________ Mary last night. She (become) __________________ a very big girl.
10/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________________ since this morning.
11/ Look! Summer (come) __________________.
12/ They (study) __________________ at this school for 7 years now.
13/ They (begin) __________________ to study at this school 7 years ago.
14/ Since when (you know) ___________________ her ?
15/ How long ago (he start) __________________ to learn French ?
16/ She (lose) __________________ her handbag on the train yesterday morning.
17/ My mother (be) ________________ in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet.
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11. 18/ His dog (just run) __________________ out of the garden.
19/ Mr Brown (travel) __________________ by air several times in the past.
20/ He (travel) ___________________ to Mexico by air last summer.
The Past Progressive Tense
1. Form
- Affirmative: S + was/were + V-ing….
- Negative: S + was/were + not + V-ing…..
- Interrogative: Was/Were + S + V-ing….?
Notes: chủ ngữ số ít, he, she, it + was
Chủ ngữ số nhiều, I, we, you, they + were
2. Use
a. diễn tả một hành động xảy ra ở một thời điểm trong quá khứ
Eg: They were playing chess at 4 o’clock yesterday.
b. diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác xen vào (when, while, as). Hành
động đang xảy ra thì dùng quá khứ tiếp diễn, hành động xen vào dùng quá khứ đơn
Eg: - I was studying my lessons when he came.
We saw him while we were walking along the street.
c. 2 hành động cùng đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì chia cả 2 hành động đều ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
eg: She was playing in the street while her father was woking in the company.
Ex: put the verb in past continuous tense.
1) When I phoned my friends, they (play) _________________cards..
2) Yesterday at six I (prepare)___________________dinner.
3) The kids (play)_______________in the garden when it suddenly to rain.
4) I (practise)________________the guitar when he came home.
5) We (cycle,not) ________________at 4pm yesterday.
6) What (you/do) ________________yesterday?
7) Most of the time last Sunday we (sit) _________________in the park.
8) while she (buy)_________________some clothes, he (watch)_________________some new products.
9) they(sleep)_________________ at class yesterday evening.
10) she(make,not)_________________ that noise at 5am yesterday.
Ex: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.
1. While I (drive)…………………….. home, Peter (try)………………… desperately to contact me.
2. ……… you (expect)…………..any visitors this summer?
3. Sorry, you (sleep)…………………………… at 9 o’clock last night?
4. I (make)……………………. some coffee when the cup (break)…………………
5. I (think)………………… about him last night.
6. In the 1990s few people (use)…………………………………. mobile phones.
7. I (walk)………………… in the street when I suddenly (fall over.)……………………
8. She (talk)……………….. to me on the phone and it suddenly (go)…………….. dead.
9. They (still wait)………………… for the plane when I (speak)…..……...…. to them.
10. while he (watch)……………………….TV, I (wash)…………………..the dishes.
11

12. 11. We (just, make) ………………………..the cake at this time yesterday.
12. I (make)……………………….. a presentation in front of 500 people when the microphone (stop)
…………………….. working.
13. Yesterday at 6 am, I..................(get up) and ....................(have) breakfast at 6.30am
14. I..................(love) him but no more
15. What you ..................(do) last night? I ................(do) my homework
16. She .................(get) married 3 years ago?
17. We .................(stop) at grocery store and ..................(buy) something
18. .........................they (participate) in the beauty contest orgnazied by our university last summer?
19. We............(drive) around the parking lot to find a parking place last week
20. Where you....................(live) when you were young?
21. Where you................(teach) before you came here?
22. He...............(try) to lift a box but he couldn't
23. Alice hurt herself while she ..............(skate)
24. I met my neighbor while I...............(walk) home from work
25. Kien stepped on Maria's feet w. hile they .......................(dance) together
26. Sally.................(have) dinner last night when somebody .................(clock) the door
27. Jane...............(sleep) when the telephone rang
28. As I ...............(walk) to the lab, I met my friend
29. They ..................(study) two hours last night
30. It ...............(rain) hard when I got up
31. What she..............(write) when I came in the room?
Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense (2)
1/ He (sit) __________________ in a bar when I (see) __________________ him.
2/ When I (go) __________________ out, the sun (shine) __________________.
3/ The light (go) __________________ out while I (have) __________________ tea.
4/ When it (rain) __________________ , she(carry) __________________ an umbrella.
5/ We (walk) __________________ to the station when it (begin) __________________ to rain.
6/ He (teach) __________ English for 2 months when he (live) in Germany and (work) __________ as a journalist.
7/ The house (burn) __________________ fast, so we (break) __________________ the window to get out.
8/ He (eat) __________________ three sandwiches while you (talk) __________________ to him.
9/ The servant (drop) __________ two cups while she (wash up) __________ last night; neither of them (break)
__________.
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13. 10/ While I (write) __________ a letter, the telephone (ring) __________; as he (go) __________ to
answer it, he (hear) __________ a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) __________ while he
(walk) __________ to the door, but just as he (open) __________ it, it (stop) __________.
The Past Perfect Tense
1. Form
- Affirmative: S + had + V3/ed….
- Negative: S + had + not + V3/ed…..
- Interrogative: Had + S + V3/ed….?
2. Use
a. diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ
Ex: By the end of last month, she had made 4 skirts.
b. diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ (before, after, by the
time). Hành động xảy ra trước thì dùng quá khứ hoàn thành, hành động xảy ra sau thì dùng quá khứ đơn.
Ex: - After Nam had done his homework, he went to bed.
- They had lived in Dong Thap before they moved to HCM city.
Ex: put the verb in past perfect tense
1. I (study) _______ _______ extremely hard before the test was given.
2. You (pick) _______ _______ a lot of tomatoes from your garden before we had any ripe ones in ours.
3. We (expect) _______ _______ to find many vacant hotel rooms, but we only found one.
4. They (play,not) ______ _______ in the Super Bowl in 1990, so they were not more prepared in 1995.
5. He (enjoy) _______ ______ color photography before he tried black-and-white film?
6. She (look) _______ ________ all over town for a formal dress before she found one she liked.
7. It (jump) ______ _______ out of its cage just before we arrived at the zoo
8. these flowers(bloom)______ _______ before it went die.
9. the girl(be)______ _______ in the bathroom before she went out.
10. after they(talk)______ _______ to each other, they broke apart
Ex: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense.
1) The house (be)……………. much smaller than I (think)……………….. at first.
2) Before I (go)………………………… to bed, I (take)…………………….. a bath.
3) The girl (ask)…………………. what (happen)……………………………… to her ice scream
4) I (rest)…………………..after I (finish)……………………………. my work.
5) she (do)………………….. nothing before she ( meet)……………………. me.
6) After she (go)………………….he (be) ……………….so sad
7) My grandmother (die)………………….. after the docters (treat) ………………with all their kindness
8, The plane (leave)…………………….by the time we (get)……………….to the airport.
9, He (quit)………………… the job because the employee (give)………………………a low salary.
10, the murder (hide)………………………..3 days before the police (find) him yesterday.
Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense (2)
1/ They (go) __________________ home after they (finish) __________________ their work.
2/ He (do) _________________ nothing before he (see) ___________________ me.
3/ He (thank) __________________ me for what I (do) __________________ for him.
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14. 4/ I (be) __________________ sorry that I (hurt) __________________ him.
5/ After they (go) __________________ , I (sit) __________________ down and (rest) __________________.
6/ When I (arrive)________________, the dinner (already, begin)________ ______________.
7/ My friend (not see) __________________ me for many years when I (meet) __________________ last week.
8/ He (learn) __________________ English before he (leave) __________________ for England.
9/ In England, he soon (remember) __________________ all he (learn) __________________.
10/ They (tell) __________________ him they (not meet) __________________ him before.
11/ He (ask) __________________ why we (come) __________________ so early.
12/ She (say) __________________ that she (already, see) ___________________ Dr. Rice.
13/ By the time Bill (get) __________________ there, the meeting (start) __________________.
14/ When we (arrive) __________ at our place, we (find) __________ that a burglar (break) ____________ in.
15/ Almost everybody (leave) _________________ for home by the time we (arrive) ________.________
Ex : Put the verb in brackets in the Past simple, Past perfect or Present perfect.
1.She didn’t notice that she (never see) …………………….……… that film before.
2. I suddenly (remember) that I ………………………. (forget) my keys.
3. Bill no longer has his car. He (sell) …………………….. it.
4. (Have/you/put) ………………………. Off the fire before you (go) ……………… out.
5.I was very pleased to see Mary again. I (not see) …………………….. for a long time.
6. I thanked her for everything she (do) ………………………………… for me.
7.When I got to the office, I (realize) ………….. I (forget) ………………. to lock the door
8.Who is that woman? I (never seen) …………………………..… …… her before.
9.Tom was not at home when I (arrive)………………. He (just go) ………………… out.
10.She said it (be) ……………….. the first time she (meet) ………………….. such a man.
Past perfect continuous
1. Công thức:
(+) S + had been + V-ing + (O)
(-) S + had not + been + V-ing + (O)
(?) Had + S +been + V-ing + (O)?
2. Cách dùng:
- Dùng để chỉ một việc đã xảy ra trước một hành động quá khứ khác, và trong khi hành động quá khứ thứ 2 xảy ra,
thì hành động quá khứ thứ nhất vẫn tiếp tục.
Ví dụ: When I was woken up, it had ben raining very hard.
When I came, they had been singing for more than two hours.
- Một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong Quá khứ (nhấn mạnh tính tiếp diễn)
Ví dụ: I had been thinking about that before you answered it.
Ex: past perfect continuous
1. I was very tired when I arrived home. I (work)……………………………….hard all day.
2.we(sleep)………………………………for 12 hours when he woke us up.
3.we (wait)……………………………… at the station fofr 90 minutes when the train finally arrived
4.we (look for)………………………………her ring for two hours and then we found it in the
bathroom.
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15. 5.I (not walk)………………………………for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.
6.how long (she, learn)………………………………English before she went to London?
7. he (drive)……………………………… less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.
8. they were very tired in the evening because they (help)………………………………on the farm
all day
9. I (not, work)……………………………… all day, so I wasn’t tired and went to the disco at night
10. they (circle)………………………………all day so their legs were sore in the evening
11. they (chat)……………………………… for over 2 hours.
12. I (wait)……………………………… there for ages
13. she (sit)………………………………there for 20 minutes before the doctor called her name
14. they (jog)……………………………… for a while before they got tired
15. I (wait)……………………………… for the bus for 10 minutes when it arrived
16. she (want)……………………………… to rest a bit because she cleaned the whole day.
17. Alex (play)………………………………golf for many years before he retired
18. they decided to break up because they (fight)………………………………for a long time
19. Susan was hungry because she (eat,not)………………………………the whole day.
20. peter (drink)………………………………too much, so he had to run to the bathroom a lot.
Ex: past perfect and past perfect continuous
1. After she ...........................(finish) breakfast, she left the house
2. Before he came to Ha Noi, he .......................(live) in Da Nang
3. He ................................(spend) three years in Taiwan when he was a child
4. He told me he................................(never/ be) to Australia before
5. They told me they....................................(never/ see) anything like that
6. I couldn't get in because I ......................................(lose) my keys
7. I felt really stupid because I....................................(make) a lot of mistakes
8. I paid for the window because my son...................................(break) it
9. I told him I didn't know who....................................(steal) his pen
10. When i saw her, I knw we .....................................(never/ meet) before
11. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we..............................(build)
12. He................................(not/ be) to Cape Town before 2000
13. We.............................(sleep) for 2 hours when he woke us up
14. They........................ .......(wait) at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived
15. When she went out, she.......................................(already/ do) her homework.
The Future Simple Tense
15

16. 1. Form
- Affirmative: S + will/shall + Vo….
- Negative: S + will/shall + not + Vo…..
- Interrogative: Will/Shall + S + Vo….?
(will not = won’t; shall not = shan’t)
2. Use
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong tương lai (tomorrow, in the future, next…..)
Ex: It will rain tomorrow.
Chú ý: thì hiện tại đơn sẽ được dùng thay thế cho thì tương lai đơn trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (bắt
đầu bằng “when” “before” “until”...)
_ You will see him when he comes back tomorrow. (“comes” được dùng trong mệnh đề thời gian “when”)
_ I will not send her your letter until you arrive London.
Thì tương lai gần:(Tương lai chỉ ý định)
Công thức:
S + am/ is/ are + going to + V(inf.) …….(dự định sẽ)
S + am/ is/ are + Ving…. (sắp sửa)
Cách dùng:
Thì này được dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra hoặc 1 dự định sắp tới (thường trong câu không có cụm từ chỉ
thời gian).
Eg: My father is retiring.
Where are you going to spend your holidays?
CHÚ Ý: Be going to là thì tương lai dự định, nghĩa là nó có trong dự định, trong kế hoạch chứ không phải ngẫu
nhiên.
Thời Present Progressive là thì hiện tại tiếp diễn, diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra lúc ta nói (hoặc) đang xảy ra thì
hành động khác xen vào.
Ex: future simple (1)
1. A: “There's someone at the door.”
B: “I _________________________ (get) it.”
2. Joan thinks the Conservatives _________________________ (win) the next election.
3. A: “I’m moving house tomorrow.”
B: “I _________________________ (come) and help you.”
4. If she passes the exam, she _________________________ (be) very happy.
5. I _________________________ (be) there at four o'clock, I promise.
6. A: “I’m cold.”
B: “I _________________________ (turn) on the fire.”
7. A: “She's late.”
B: “Don't worry she _________________________ (come).”
8. The meeting _________________________ (take) place at 6 p.m.
9. If you eat all of that cake, you _________________________ (feel) sick.
10. They _________________________ (be) at home at 10 o'clock.
Ex: future simple (2)
16

17. 1. I'm afraid I _________________________ (not / be) able to come tomorrow.
2. Because of the train strike, the meeting _________________________ (not / take) place at 9 o'clock.
3. A: “Go and tidy your room.”
B: “I _________________________ (not / do) it!”
4. If it rains, we _________________________ (not / go) to the beach.
5. In my opinion, she _________________________ (not / pass) the exam.
6. A: “I'm driving to the party, would you like a lift?”
B: “Okay, I _________________________ (not / take) the bus, I'll come with you.”
7. He _________________________ (not / buy) the car, if he can't afford it.
8. I've tried everything, but he _________________________ (not / eat).
9. According to the weather forecast, it _________________________ (not / snow) tomorrow.
10. A: “I'm really hungry.”
B: “In that case we _________________________ (not / wait) for John.”
Ex: future simple (3)
1. ____________________ (they / come) tomorrow?
2. When ____________________ (you / get) back?
3. If you lose your job, what ____________________ (you / do)?
4. In your opinion, ____________________ (she / be) a good teacher?
5. What time ____________________ (the sun / set) today?
6. ____________________ (she / get) the job, do you think?
7. ____________________ (David / be) at home this evening?
8. What ____________________ (the weather / be) like tomorrow?
9. There’s someone at the door, ____________________ (you / get) it?
10. How ____________________ (he / get) here?
Ex: present simple or future simple or present continuous
1.she (go) ------------------ to school everyday
2. there (to be) ------------------ big problems in many parts of the world.
3. A lot of people (go) -------------------- to work by car.
4. Davis never (take) ---------------------- the bus to school.
5. He plays volleyball but he (not enjoy)----------------------- it.
6. Most shops usually (open) ------------------------- at 8.00 a.m and (close)
--------------------- at 6.00 p.m.
7. School children (wear) ------------------------- uniform on Monday.
8. I (want) ------------------- to buy some stamps.
9. Ruth (live) ----------------- with his parents in an apartment.
10. He is writing a postcard and (watch)---------------- TV at the same time..
11.He often ………………. (go) to school on foot
12. She ……………….(go) to school everyday.
13 . Bad students never ……………….(work) hard.
14. The teacher always ……………….(point) at the black – board when he ……………….(want)
17

18. to explain something.
15. Mother ……………….(cook) some food in the kitchen at the moment, she always ……………….(cook) in
the morning.
16 I always ……………….(meet) him on the corner of this street.
17. He …………….. (meet) the dentist next week.
18. They …….. usually …………. (not go) to school by motorbike.
19. She ……………..(come) here next month.
20. They ……………….. (not be) doctors.
21. He often ……………………… (get) up late.
22. ……….. you often …………….(watch) TV?
23. I usually ………………….. (go) shopping on weekend.
24. Hai often ……………………(wash) his face at 6.15.
25. Thanh and Mai always ……………………(see) a movie on Saturday.
26. ………….he often ……………………(take) a bus to school?
27. We ……………………(be) student in class 8A.
28 He usually ……………………(take) a taxi to the airport.
29 She ……………………(go) to work by bus tomorrow.
30. .…………..you ……………………(see) the doctor next week.
31. Mai and Nam ……………………(go) to the movie theater tomorrow evening.
32. They ……………………(plant) trees a long this street next month.
33. .…………he ……………………(write) to his friend next week.
34. He often ………………(pick) his friend up at the rain way station morning.
35. They sometime …………………(do) morning exercises at 5.30.
36. Hung …………………(run) about 5 km every morning.
37. . I often ………………(wash) my clothes.
38. . They always ………………(talk) to each other in the weekend.
39. The sun …………(rise) in the East and …………. (set) in the West.
40. Where ………….. she ……………………(buy) her breakfast every morning?
41.We (go) __________ out when the rain (stop) __________.
42.I (stay) _________ here until he (answer) __________ me.
43.Wait until I (catch) __________ you.
44.I (be) _________ ready before you (count) _________ ten.
45.John must eat his breakfast before he (go) __________ out.
46.Miss Helen (help) ___________ you as soon as she (finish) _________ that letter.
47.He (tell) _________ you when you (get) __________ there.
48.She (not come) __________ until you (be) _________ ready.
49.He (tell) __________ you when you (ask) __________ him.
50.I (come) ________ and (see) _________ you before I (leave) ________ for England
EX: future simple, present continuous and near future
1. Who would like to do this? Any volunteers?
- " I ____ it"
18

19. A. will do B. do C. am going to do D. am doing
2. Next week, CNN television _____ almost the entire day to programs first broadcast in the 1960s.
A. will devote B. is devoting C. is going to devote D. devotes
3. Why did you buy so many eggs?
- " I _______ cakes"
A. will make B. make C. am going to make D. am making
4. Although it is a problem in France only, I think I ___ the rest of the world soon.
A. is taking B. will take C. takes D. is going to take
5. "Oh, this box is very heavy!"
- " I ____ it for you"
A. carry B. will carry C. am going to carry D. am carrying
6. We have run out of rice.
- " Yeah, I know.I _____ some this evening. I've got it on my list.
A. gets B. am going to get C. am getting D. will get
EX: Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense:
1. They (drive)______________ to school tomorrow.
2. Gene (eat)____________ dinner when his friend called.
3. At three o’clock this morning, Eleanor (study)______________.
4. John (write)________________ his report last night.
5. After John (wash)_____________ his clothes, he began to study.
6. Tim (go)____________ to France last year.
7. When the teacher (enter)___________the room, the students were talking.
8. We (hold)_____________ a soccer match next Sunday.
9. Guillermo (call)_____________ his employer yesterday.
10. Jane sent a letter to his university after she (receive)___________ her scholarship check..
11. The car (flip)______________ ten times before it landed on its roof.
12. While Joan was writing the report, Henry (look)_____________ for more information.
13. What you (do)______________ last weekend?
14. Mr. and Mrs. Ba (take)_______________ some beautiful photos a few days ago.
15. Her brother (talk)_______________ to his pen pal on the phone at the moment.
16. They (not contact)_______________ to each other for a long time.
17. Nothing (be)______________ done since I moved here.
18. I used to walk to school when I (be)_______________ in primary school.
19. He (go)_______________ to that book shop tomorrow.
20. Lan (drink)_____________ two bottles of water every day.
21. She (be)__________ a Vietnamese student. She (be)___________ born in Ho Chi Minh city. She
(go)______________ abroad last year to study English. She (learn)______________ French before she began to
study English. She (make)_____________ great progress since she (get)______________ there. Next month, she
will take the final exam. She (be)_____________ able to get a good job when she (return)_____________ to
Vietnam.
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20. Future continuous
1. Cấu trúc:
(+) S + will be + V-ing + (O)
(-) S + will not be + V-ing + (O)
(?) Will + S + be + V-ing + (O)?
2. Cách dùng:
+ Thì Tương lai tiếp diễn dùng để chỉ một hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai.
Ví dụ:
- By the time next week, we will be playing football.
- At 9:00 pm tomorrow, She will be watching television.
Ex: future simple, near future, future continuous
1) You are busy.Tina and I (gladly, rake) _______ _____________the yard. .
3) I ruined that piece of pottery. I (simply, make) __ ______________ another one.
3) Our staff (not, attend) _____ __________ the Convention this year.
4) In order to earn a badge, the scouts (learn) ______ ___________ to tie knots this Thursday.
5) Our muscles are hurting. I guess we (not, exercise) ___ ______________ much today.
6) The police (probably, catch) ___ ___ _____________ the bank robber.
7) The Fergusons (fishing) _ _______________ while they are on vacation at 8am tomorrow.
8) Stan, you (not, play)___ __ ___________ any solos in the jazz concert tomorrow.You have not practiced enough.
9) Savannah is allergic to shellfish. She (never, eat) _______________ lobster again.
10) The forecast says that it (rain) ___ _____________ all night.
11) Grandma (not smile) ______ ___________ when she answers the door.
12) We are almost late for dinner with our parents. I am afraid we (not, arrive) ___ __ _____________on time.
13. The baseball team (travel) ____ ____________ to Florida for the playoffs?
14) she (not cook) ____ _____________ while they are on holiday at 10am tomorrow.
15) Our staff (not, attend) ___ ____________ the Convention this year.
16) Seth (always, drive) _____ ____________ his 1975 Mustang. He loves that car.
Future perfect tense.
1. Cấu trúc:
(+) S + will have + P2 + (O)
(-) S + will not have + P2 + (O)
(?) Will + S +have + P2 + (O)?
2. Cách dùng:
- diễn tả một hành động, sự việc sẽ hoàn thành trước một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai, hoặc trước khi hành
động, sự việc khác xảy ra.
Ví dụ:
- I will have prepared the meal before you come tomorrow. (Ngày mai, trước khi bạn đến, tôi sẽ chuẩn bị xong bữa
cơm)
- John won’t have finished the study by July because he has some health problems. (Đến tháng 7, John không thể
20

21. hoàn thành việc nghiên cứu vì anh ấy có một vài vấn đề về sức khỏe.)
- Will you have got a driving license by the time you get married next month? (Liệu tháng sau khi bạn cưới bạn đã
có bằng lái xe chưa?)
3. Dấu hiệu
Thì Tương lai hoàn thành đi kèm với một số trạng từ như:
- By + mốc thời gian (by the end of, by tomorrow)
- By then
- By the time + mốc thời gian.
future perfect continuous
1. Cấu trúc:
(+) S + Will + have + been + V-ing + (O)
(-) S + Will + have + not + been + V-ing + (O)
(?) Will + S + have + been + V-ing + (O)
2. Cách dùng.
- Thì Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn được dùng hành động ai đó sẽ làm được bao lâu tính đến thời điểm xác định
trong tương lai. (Có nghĩa là đến thời điểm đó, hành động đó vẫn chưa kết thúc).
note:
Thì tương lai hoàn thành, thì là hành động đó đã hoàn thành rồi, còn thì Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn thì hành
động đó chưa hoàn thành.
VD:
- By next month, I will have been worrking for this company for 1 year. (Tính đến tháng sau, tôi sẽ làm việc cho
công ty này được 6 tháng)
- By 9.am, I will have been waiting for her for two hours. (Đến 9 giờ sáng tôi sẽ chờ cô ấy được 2 tiếng rồi.)
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết.
Thì Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng các trạng từ giống như trạng từ của thì Tương lai hoàn thành, xong nó đi
kèm với for + khoảng thời gian.
Ex: future perfect
1. By next November, I (receive)……………….my promotion.
2. By the time he gets home tomorow, she (clean)…………………… the entire house.
3. I (finish,not)…………………………. this test by 3 o'clock tomorrow.
4. She (learn)…………………………. enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing?
5. Sam (complete)…………………………………. the proposal by the time he leaves this afternoon.
6. By the time I finish this course, I (take)………………………… ten tests.
7. How many countries you (visit)………………………………….by June next month
8. I (be)…………………………. in London for six months by the time I leave
9. They (complete) ………………………..the project before the deadline at the end of this month.
10. You (perfect)……………………….…….. your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
EXERCISES FOR TENSES
1. I ……when the lights went out.
A. read B. am reading C. have read D. was reading
2. The farmers ……in the field now.
21

22. A. were working B. have worked C. worked D. are working
3. The war ……..out three years ago.
A. broke B. had broken C. has broken D. was breaking
4. She won’t get married until she ……25 years old.
A. is B. will be C. had been D. was
5. I’ll give it to Tom if I ……….him tomorrow.
A. will meet B. am going to meet C. meet D. have met
6. She ………dinner when she heard the news.
A. cooked B. was cooking C. cooks D. has cooked
7. When he was young, he ………in the army for 10 years.
A. has served B. had served C. has been serving D. served
8. He ………a cup of coffee every morning.
A. drinks B. drank C. is drinking D. has drunk
9. She ………..a lot of new books.
A. has just bought B. had just bought C. buys D. bought
10. When we see Mr. Taylor tomorrow, I …….him of that.
A. will remind B. remind C. have reminded D. reminded
11. Up to the present, George…………good work in his class.
A. does B. has done C. did D. had done
12. The manager ………the store before I arrived.
A. closed B. had closed C. has closed D. was closing
13. When the alarm rang, Frank …….out of bed quickly.
A. was jumping B. has jumped C. had jumped D. jumped
14. At present, that author ……a historical novel.
A. is writing B. was writing C. has written D. had written
15. I ………the parcel until I hear from you.
A. won’t send B. don’t send C. haven’t sent D. hadn’t sent
16. Mr. Brown ……in Paris fore 7 years when the second World War broke out.
A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. was living
17. By next month, I ……….my first novel.
A. will finish B. am going to finished
C. finish D. will have finished
18. George …….at the university so far.
A. had worked B. was working C. worked D. has worked
19. Please wait here until the manager ……….
A. will return B. had returned C. returns D. returned
20. I………..home until I finish my homework.
A. haven’t come B. don’t come C. didn’t come D. won’t come
21. They ……..since 8 o’clock.
A. are talking B. have been talking C. talk D. talked
22. My brother ………in the army from 1990 to 1995.
22

23. A. served B. has served C. had served D. is serving
23. At this moment, I ……..that we have a good chance of victory.
A. was feeling B. am feeling C. feel D. had been feeling
24. I ……..the money from him yet.
A. will receive B. haven’t received C. don’t receive D .am receiving
25. It rained while I ………well.
A. was sleeping B. have slept C. had slept D. slept
26. I ……..him ten days ago.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
27. I………you for a long time.
A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. doesn’t see D. hadn’t seen
28. She ……..so hard that she doesn’t have time to go to the hairdresser’s.
A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had worked
29. Mr. Johnson ……….to Los Angeles in 19922.
A. had gone B. has gone C. went D. was going
30. What …………….to you yesterday?
A. happened B. did happen C. had happened D. has happened
31. The boys broke a window when they ………….football.
A. played B. were playing C. had played D. are playing
32. I never go to Australia. I ……..to Australia yet.
A. will go B. went C. haven’t been D. have been
33. What ………do at 7:oo tomorrow morning?
A. will you B. shall you C. were you D. did you
34. My brother ……..in this factory since 1990.
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked
35. Alice ………for Washington as soon as she had finished her exam.
A. will leave B. would leave C. leaves D. left
36. He died after he ………ill for a long time.
A. was B. had been C. has been D. is
37. I ……about him when he suddenly came in.
A. talk B. talked C. am talking D. was talking
38. He will finish this work before you ………here tomorrow.
A. leave B. will leave C. would leave D. are going to leave
39. While I was going to school yesterday, I ………..him.
A. meet B. met C. will meet D. am meeting
40. Please don’t touch anything before the police……….
A. will come B. comes C. come D. would come
41. Don’t make noise. My mother ………with her friends.
A. is talking B. was talking C. talks D. talked
42. He…….in this office for ten years by next month.
A. will have been working B. would be working
23

24. C. will work D. will be working
43. George ………this film three times.
A. sees B. has seen C. saw D. has seen
44. He doesn’t smoke while he ………a car.
A. drives B. drove C. was driving D. is driving
45. They went out for a walk after they ………….their dinner.
A. had B. have had C. had had D. were having
46. Everyone ……their homelands since the world war ended.
A. rebuilt B. had rebuilt C. has rebuilt D. have rebuilt
47. This morning while I …….for the bus, the rain stopped.
A. waited B. have waited C. had waited D. was waiting
48. What …….during the last few weeks?
A. did you do B. had you been doing
C. have you been doing D. were you doing
49. He is tired because he ………..all day.
A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works
50. ……..at home tonight?
A. are you staying B. do you stay C. Were you staying D. Did you stay
51. John often goes to bed early and ……….up late.
A. gets B. get C. got D. to get
52. I ……..anyone more punctual than your brother.
A. never see B. had never seen C. never saw D. have never seen
53. I ……..your brother this afternoon at Green Street.
A. met B. have met C. was meeting D. had met
54. I understand you …….an unpleasant experience at the weekend.
What ………exactly?
A. have/happened B. was having/happened
C. had/happened D. have had/ happened
55. He…….a cigarette and ………..to the window.
A. lit/walked B. light/walked C. had lit/walked D. lit/had walked
56. My clothes are not in the room. They ……….them away.
A. took B. had taken C. have taken D. take
57. The results ……….tomorrow morning at nine o’clock.
A. will announce B. will be announced C. is announcing D. announce
58. The statue ……..while it …………..to another room in the museum.
A. broke/moved B. was breaking/was moving
C. broke/was being moved D. had broken/was being broken
59. She ………for 10 hours. You must wake him up.
A. has slept B. had slept C. has been sleeping D. slept
60. David ……….his hands. He…………the TV set.
A. has washed/repaired B. had washed/has been repairing
24

25. C. washed/ repaired D. is washing/has been repairing
61. I ……..at my report since Monday. Now I ……the conclusion.
A. worked/am writing B. have worked/was writing
C. had worked/was writing D. have worked/am writing
62. I can’t go with you as I ………my work.
A. hadn’t finished D. doesn’t finish C. haven’t finished D. am not finishing
63. ……….to the laboratory this week?
A. Did you go B. Have you been C. Are you D. Were you
64. We ……..all our housework by tomorrow morning.
A. will finish B. have finished C. will have finished D. are finishing
65. My father ……….for four years in the last war.
A. fight B. fought C. have fought D. had fought
66. Coming in to the room he……..Mary where he………her.
A. saw/left B. had seen/had left C. saw/had left D. sees/leaves
67. Come to see me at 5 this afternoon. I ………home until 4.30.
A. won’t arrive B. aren’t arriving C. am not arriving D. will arrive
68. At this time next week they ………in the train on their way to Paris.
A. will sit B. are sitting C. are going to sit D. will be sitting
69. I ………her since we left school.
A. hadn’t seen B. wasn’t seen C. haven’t seen D. didn’t see
70. Look at the sky. There are a lot of black clouds. It ……….
A. is raining B. will rain C. is going to rain D. was raining
71. I like looking at these pictures, but I ........enough by lunch-time.
A. should have B. will have C. will have had D. have
72. John .........tennis once or twice a week.
A. usually play B. is usually playing
C. usually plays D. have usually played
73. I........for Christine. Do you know where she is?
A. look B. looked C. am looking D. looks
74. At 5 o’clock yesterday evening, I ........my clothes.
A. am ironing B. have ironed C. ironed D. was ironing
75. I ..........along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me.
A. was walking B. am walking C. walk D. walked
76. She ..........German for two years.
A. has learned B. is learning C. learns D. learn
77. The earth ..........round the sun.
A. go B. has gone C. went D. goes
78. Mathematics ...........very interesting to me.
A. are B. have been C. were D. is
79. After he .............the house, he wrote a letter.
25

26. A. cleans B. had cleaned C. has cleaned D. was cleaning
80. There are no more appeals. We .........them all.
A. had eaten B. eat C. ate D. have eaten
81. Mark was listening to music while his sister ............a book.
A. read B. reads C. is reading D. was reading
82. They..........serving meals by the time we get to the restaurant.
A. will stop B. stopped C. are stopping D. will have stopped
83. Tomorrow I...........my grandparents.
A. am going to visit B. will have visited C. have visited D. visit
84.Ted and Amy ...........for 24 years.
A. married B. have been married C. were married D. has been married
85. I think the weather .............better later.
A. will be B. be C. is D. has been
86. I was sad when I sold my car. I ..........it for a long time.
A. am running B. were running C. had been running D. have been running
87. .............a car when they were living in London?
A. Have they B. Did they have C. Were they having D. Have they had
88. She ..............angry when she knows this.
A. shall be B. has been C. will have been D. will be
89. When their first child was born, they ..........married for three years.
A. have been married B. had been married
C. will be married D. will have been married
90. Sorry, I can’t stop now. I ......... to an important appointment.
A. go B. am going C. have gone D. was going
91. I......... Peter today.
A. not have seen B. do not see C. have not seen D. was not seen
92. She ..................music all day. Now she feels tired.
A. has been playing B. is playing C. played D. plays
93. Last year they ..............22 million TV sets.
A. were selling B. had sold C. has sold D. sold
94. I...........my son the money for the last week.
A. gave B. given C. have given D. was given
95. I ............lots about the job so far.
A. have learnt B. am learning C. had learnt D. learnt
96. At last the bus came. We.............for half an hour.
A. waited B. was waiting C. have waited D. had been waiting
97. I ...........at the end of the month.
A. will leave B. would leave C. would have left D. is leaving
98. Bad driving often..............many accidents.
A. caused B. cause C. causes D. has caused
99. Look! The man .................to open the door of your car.
26

27. A. try B. tried C. is trying D. has tried
100. The Olympic Games ...............every four years.
A. takes place B. take place C. took place D. is taking place
CONDITION
Câu điều kiện I
Clause 1 (the simple future) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)
– Diễn tả sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
We’ll pass the exam if we work hard.
4. If….not…= Unless
Ví dụ:
- I won’t visit you if I don’t have time
→ Unless I have time, I won’t visit you
Câu điều kiện II
Clause 1 (would + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple past tense)
– Diễn tả sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Khi viết lại câu phải viết ngược nghĩa với câu gốc ban đầu.
Eg: I would fly if I were a bird.
(but I am not a bird and I can’t fly)
Notes:
Clause 1 (might/ could + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple past tense)
→ chỉ khả năng
Ví dụ: He might succeed if he tried
I could speak French well if I lived in France.
Câu điều kiện loại III
Clause 1 (would have + P2) + if + Clause 2 (the past perfect)
– Câu điều kiện loại III là câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ. khi viết lại câu phải viết ngược nghĩa với câu gốc
ban đầu.
We would have got good marks if we had prepared our last lesson carefully.
Câu điều kiện loại 0
Sự thật luôn đúng, cả 2 vế đều dùng hiện tại đơn
Eg: if you boil water at 100 degree, it evaporates.
Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp
Nếu 2 vế của câu gốc ban đầu lệch thì (thường có now, right now…và 1 vế là quá khứ đơn) thì đưa về điều kiện hỗn
hợp.
If + S + Had + Pii, S + would + Vo
Eg: he didn’t eat lunch so he is hungry right now
-> if he had eaten lunch, he would not be hungry right now.
D. But for + noun + điều kiện loại II, III
But for: nếu không có…, nếu không vì…………
You help me everyday so I can finish my work.
→ But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work.
27

28. The teacher explained and we understood.
→ But for the teacher’s explanation, we wouldn’t have understood.
E. một số mẫu câu có thể thay thế cho IF với nghĩa tương đương
Provided that, so (as) long as : miễn là; on condition that: với điều kiện là
In case: trong trường hợp là
Ex: You can borrow my book provided that you bring it back.
**Câu điều kiện ở lời nói gián tiếp:
1.Điều kiện có thật,có thể xảy ra: áp dụng quy tắc chung của lời nói gián tiếp.
Eg.He said,”If I have much money,I’ll travel around the world.”
àHe said (that)If he had much money ,he would travel around the world.
2.Điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3 : giữ nguyên thì, chỉ đổi đại từ và trạng ngữ về thời gian
Eg.”If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”,he said
àHe said If he had two wings,he would fly everywhere
** Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện (đảo vế IF)
Loại 1: should + S + Vo,…………
Eg: if the sun shines, they will go for camping.
-> should the sun shine,…………
Loại 2: were + S + to + Vo
Eg: if the sun shined, they would go for camping.
-> were the sun to shine, ………..
Loại 3: had + S + Pii,…………. Nếu ở dạng phủ định thì had + S + not + Pii
Eg: if the sun had shined, they would have gone for a camping
-> had the sun shined,………….
I
Câu điều kiện 1
1. If I see him I (give) ………………….him a lift
2. The table will collapse if you (stand) ………………….on it.
3. If he (eat)…………………. all that he will be ill.
4. If I find your passport I (telephone)…………………. you at once.
5. The police (arrest)…………………. him if they catch him.
6. If he (read)…………………. in bad light, he will ruin his eyes.
7.if the boy steal ball, the police (punnish) ………………….him
8. if you work hard, you (pass)………………… the exam.
9.If he (try)………………… much more, he will improve his English.
Câu điều kiện 2
1. If I had a typewriter I (type) …………………it myself.
2. If I (know) …………………his address I'd give it to you.
3. He (look) …………………a lot better if he shaved more often.
4. If you (play)………………… for lower stakes you wouldn't lose so much.
5. If he worked more slowly he (not make) …………………so many mistakes.
6. I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) …………………you.
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29. 7. if the dog (bark, not)…………………, I wouldn’t know that the house was broken in.
8. If I (be)…………………rich, I would travel around the world.
9. What would we do if I (be) …………………to lose my job.
Câu điều kiện 3
1. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) …………………you.
2. The ground was very soft. But for that, my horse (win)………………….
3. If you (arrive)………………… ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat.
4. You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be)………………… here last week.
5. But for his quickness I (be)………………… killed.
6. I shouldn't have believed it if I (not see) …………………it with my own eyes
7. If I hadn’t been in a hurry, I (have,not)………………… an accident.
8. If we (know) …………………that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
9.If we (lost, not…………………) our way, we would have arrived sooner.
10. If he had studied harder for that test, he (pass)………………… it.
II
1)If that hat costs much, I (would have bought/will buy/bought/would buy) a small one.
2) If you (drive/drove/had driven/driven) more carefully, you wouldn’t have had so many accidents.
3) If I (make/makes/made/had made) that mistake again, my teacher will get angry with me.
4) If I spoke English, my job (was/were/will be/would be) a lot easier.
5) If he (goes/went/had gone/would go) to London yesterday, he (met/would meet/had met/would have met) his old
friend.
6) I will lend them some money if they (ask/will ask/asked/had asked) me.
7) If we had known who he was, we (would have invited/have invited/will invite/would invite) him to speak at our
meeting.
8) My dog will bark if it (hear/hears/heard/had heard) any strange sound.
9) If I (had/had had/will have/have) enough money, I would buy a house.
10) They (won’t let/not let/wouldn’t let/hadn’t let) you in if you come late.
11) If you (not go/don’t go/hadn’t gone/didn’t go) away, I’ll send for a policeman.
12) If I (were/am/be/was) in your place, I would accept Mr. Anderson’s invitation.
13) If I (win/had won/won/winning) a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.
14) If I (is/am/was/were) you, I (will tell/told/would tell/would have told) the truth.
15) I was busy. If I (have/had/had had/have had) free time. I (would go/will go/would have gone/go) to the cinema
with you.
16) Why didn’t you attend the meeting?
Oh, I did not know. If I (know/knew/had known/known) I (would come/would have come/will come/had come)
there.
17) What (would/will/did/had) we do if they do not come tomorrow?
18) If I had enough time now, I (would write/write/will write/wrote) to my parents.
19) It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (is/was/were/are) here, she (will know/knows/would know/would have
known) what to do.
20) If I don’t eat breakfast tomorrow morning, I (will get/got/would get/had got) hungry during class.
29

30. 21) If she (come/comes/came/had come) late again, she’ll lose her job.
22) I’ll let you know if I (find/finds/found/had found) out what’s happening.
23) If we (live/lived/would live/had lived) in a town, life would be better.
24) I’m sure he wouldn’t mind if we (arrive/arriving/arrived/had arrived) early.
25) We (will phone/would phone/phoned/had phoned) you if we have time.
26) If I won the lottery, I (gave/had given/will give/would give) you half the money.
27) It (will/would/can/may) be a pity if she married Fred.
28) If I’m free on Saturday, I (to go/could go/went/can go) to the mountains.
29) She (will has/had/will have/have) a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this.
30) I know I’ll feel better if I (will stop/stopped/stop/had stopped) smoking.
III Choose the best option
1- It would have been a much more serious accident………..fast at the time.
A- had she been driving B- was she driving C- she had driven D- she drove
2- Can I borrow your car for this evening? – Sure, but Nora’s using it right now. If she ….. it back, you are welcome
to borrow it.
A- brought B- would bring C- will bring D- brings
3- I didn’t get home until well after midnight last night. Otherwise, I……..your call.
A- returned B- had returned C- would return D- would have returned
4- If energy………inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different.
A- is B- will be C- were D- would be
5- We………..the game if we’d had a few more minutes.
A_ might have won B- won C- had won D- will win
6- I………Alan with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other.
A_ hadn’t brought B- didn’t bring
C- wouldn’t have brought D- won’t bring
7- The lecturer last night didn’t know what he was talking about, but if Dr. Mason………,
I would have listened carefully.
A- had been lecturing B- was lecturing C- would lecture D- lectured
8- If you………to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
A- listen B- will listen C- had listened D- listened
9- ………….. interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.
A- Were I B- Should I C- I was D- If I am
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31. 10- If I………the same problems you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have.
A- have B- would have C- had had D- should have
11- I…………you sooner had someone told me you were in hospital.
A- would have visited B- visited C- had visited D- visit
12- ……….more help, I could call my neighbor.
A- Needed B- Should I need C- I have needed D- I should need
13- ………..then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.
A- Had I known B- Did I know C- If I know D- If I would know
14- I didn’t know you were asleep. Otherwise, I…………..so much noise when I came in.
A- didn’t make B- wouldn’t have made c- won’t make D- don’t make
15- When I stopped talking, Sam finished my sentence for me as though he………… my mind.
A- would read D- had read C- reads D- can read
16- If you………., I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to watch TV, but I didn’t want
to bother you.
A- had studied B- studied C- hadn’t been studying D- didn’t study
17- I wish I………..you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself.
A- can lend B- could lend C- would lend D- will lend
18- “Are you lost?” – “I think so. I wish we………..the map with us today.”
A- were bringing B- brought C- had brought D- would bring
19- If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I…………..in a bank.
A- work B- will work C- have worked D- would be working
20- What………..today if you hadn’t come here this weekend?” – “I guess I’d be putting on extra hours at my
office.”
A- did you do - can you do C- will you be doing D- would you be doing
IV Put the verbs in brackets in correct tenses.(1)
1/ If I (have) ________ a typewriter, I could type it myself.
2/ If I had known that you were in hospital , I (visit) ________ you.
3/ You could make much progress if you (attend) ________ class regularly.
4/ If I (know) ________ his telephone number, I would give it to you.
5/ If you (arrive) ________ ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
6/ If he (study) ________ harder, he can pass an exam.
31

32. 7/ She may be late if she (not hurry) ________.
8/ Tell him to ring me if you (see) ________ him.
9/ If you (speak) ________ more slowly,he might have understood you.
10/ What (you do) ________ if you got fat ?
Supply the correct verb tense.(2)
1/ If you are kind to me, I (be) _______ good to you.
2/ He (come) _______ if you waited.
3/ If you (ring) _______ the bell, the servant would come.
4/ If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) _______ him.
5/ If it (not, rain) _______ a lot, the rice crop wouln’t grow.
6/ If today (be) _______ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work.
7/ If she had had your address, she (write) _______ to you.
8/ We lost the match. If you (play) _______ for us, we (win) _______.
9/ So long as you return the book by Saturday, I (lend) _______ it to you with pleasure.
10/ They would not be paid unless they (do) _______ their work well.
11/ Provided he (not, be) _______ interrupted, he can finish the work on time.
12/ If it (be) _______ convenient, let’s meet at three o’clock.
13/ If I became very rich, I (build ) _______ a hospital for the poor.
14/ If he (give) _______ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well again.
15/ He (not, have) _______ an accident if he had not been driving so fast.
16/ If she (write) _______ more carefully, she might not have made too many mistakes.
17/ You would have to stay in bed unless your health (improve) _______.
18/ were she to have more practice, she (speak) _______ English better.
19/ Had I known that she was sick, I (visit) _______ her.
20/ Supposing World War III (happen) ________, human civilization (be) _______ destroyed.
V Put “if” or “unless” into these spaces.
1/ ________ we hurry, we’ll miss the bus.
2/ Will you phone me ________ you come to England ?
3/ ________ you see Jane, ask her to contact me.
4/ You’ll never pass your exam ________ you don’t work harder.
5/ Liverpool won’t win ________ they begin playing better.
32

33. 6/ ________ you forget our address, you can find it in the phone book.
7/ You won’t pass your driving test ________ you drive more carefully.
8/ He’ll be ill ________ he doesn’t stop worrying so much.
9/ We’ll go to the beach tomorrow ________ it’s raining.
10/ We’ll never get there on time ________ the train leaves soon.
V Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
1/ We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible. If it (be) … had been … a nice day, we (go)
… would have gone … for a picnic.
2/ Why don’t you explain everything to him ? If you (not tell) _______ him the truth, I’m sure you (regret)
_______ it one day.
3/ Mary was here not long ago. If you (come round) _______ earlier, you (see) ______ her.
4/ Apparently, the ferry company are planning to close the port in this town. If that (happen) _______, the
town (lose) _______ a great deal of money.
5/ I (help) _______ you with it if I (have) _______ more time but I’m afraid I haven’t got any spare time at
all at the moment.
6/ The government is expecting to win the next election, but if it (lose) _______, the Prime Minister
(resign) _______ from politics.
7/ I am so glad that you took me to your friend’s party. If we (not go) _______ there, I (never meet)
_______ Kate Winset.
8/ It’s ridiculous that trains are so expensive. If fares (be) _______ cheaper, I’m sure more people (use)
_______ the train and leave their cars at home.
9/ If she (get) _______ that job she’s applied for, she (be) _______ delighted. And I think she got a good
chance of getting it.
10/ Fortunately the explosion took place at night when the streets were empty. It (be) _______ a disaster if it
(happen) _______ in the middle of the day.
11/ The talks between the two leaders keep breaking down. If they (break down) _______ again, it is
possible that there (be) _______ a war between the two countries.
12/ If Alison (know) _______ anything about car mechanics, I’m sure she (help) _______ us fix the car, but
I think she knows even less than we do.
13/ They’ve been married for twenty years now but I don’t think she (marry) _______ him if she (know)
_______ what a selfish man he was.
14/ Children spend too much time watching television and playing computer games. I’m sure they (be)
_______ happier if they (spend) _______ more time playing outside.
15/ James has everything he wants but he’s always moaning. I’m sure that if I (have) _______ so much
money, I (not moan) _______ all the time.
VI
1. You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
33

34. 2. There are so many bugs in the room because there isn’t a screen on the window.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
3. He is busy right now. So, he can’t help them.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
4. I can’t make all of my own meals because I am not good at cooking.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
5. I’m not you, so I can’t tell him the truth.
→ If I......................................................................................................................
6. She came, so he wasn’t disappointed.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
7. He is not a good student. He didn’t study for the test yesterday.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
8. I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
9. Mai is sick because she didn’t follow the doctor’s orders.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
10. He is tired this morning because he didn’t go to bed early last night.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
11. They don’t behave themselves so their parents are not happy about that.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
12. She didn’t say sorry so he was angry.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
13. I am not a rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
14. It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
15. My parents do not allow me to go, so I have to stay at home.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
16. She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
17. The weather was very nice so we went camping.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
18. The computer broke down and I had to stop my work.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
19. She loves him so she forgives him easily.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
20. He was angry so I didn’t say anything.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
VI (2)
1/ She can’t be employed because she doesn’t have a college degree.
→ ______________________________________________
34

35. 2/ I don’t have enough money. I can’t go on a long holiday this year.
→ ______________________________________________
3/ He is very slow, so we won’t give his such an important task.
→ ______________________________________________
4/ I’ll have to work this Sunday, so I shan’t join your picnic.
→ ______________________________________________
5/ He works overtime to get more money because he has to pay father’s debt.
→ ______________________________________________
6/ City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive.
→ ______________________________________________
7/ There are industrial factories inside the city, that’s why pollution can’t be reduced.
→ ______________________________________________
8/ Everything on the earth grows well because the sun always shines.
→ ______________________________________________
9/ There is a grammar error in this English composition, that’s why it can’t get a full mark.
→ ______________________________________________
10/ I don’t have a typewriter. I can’t type it myself.
→ ______________________________________________
11/ I’ll buy a new hat. I’ll give it to you.
→ ______________________________________________
12/ You’ll ask the teacher. He’ll explain the lesson to you.
→ ______________________________________________
13/ Mary doesn’t see the sight. She can’t tell you about that.
→ ______________________________________________
14/ I don’t know his address. I can’t give it to you.
→ ______________________________________________
15/ He didn’t look a lot better because he didn’t shave more often.
→ ______________________________________________
16/ She was ill. She didn’t go to work.
→ ______________________________________________
17/ It was raining all morning. We didn’t go out.
→ ______________________________________________
18/ He was tired. He made a mistake.
→ ______________________________________________
19/ Peter didn’t write to me. I didn’t write to him.
→ ______________________________________________
20/ You didn’t ask Alice. She didn’t tell you the truth.
→ ______________________________________________
VI (3) viết lại câu điều kiện sau đó chuyển sang dạng đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện tương ứng.
35

36. 1.I had a baby .I gave up my job.
If................................................ .................................................. ..................................................
2.in case I miss the train,I can take the taxi.
If .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
3.The policeman showed me the way,so I found the house.
If .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
4.I didn’t go to the party so that I didn’t meet Mary.
If.................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
5.The dog was muzzled,so it didn’t hurt anyone.
If .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
6.I don’t travel around the world because I don’t have a lot of money.
If .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
7.You’ll avoid waiting by booking a table in advance.
If .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
8.I didn’t prepare well for the test, so I didn’t get that score.
If.................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
9.Tom isn’t in my place,so he doesn’t understand.
If .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
10.She gets up late.She won’t catch the morning train.
If................................................ .................................................. ..................................................
11. You didn’t work hard.You got bad marks.
If................................................ .................................................. .............................
12. Unless you phone me tonight,you won’t get any information.
If .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
13. If you want my advice,I would refuse his invitation.
If I .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
14. Mary felt sick because she drank too much alcohol.
If Mary .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
15. You will catch a cold unless you put on your coat.
If.................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
16. The fire destroyed the building completely because the firemen didn’t arrive in time.
If the .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
17. I didn’t have much time,so I didn’t go shopping.
If .................................................. .................................................. ...................
18. I won’t do anything unless you answer my question.
If.................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
19. He’s fat because he doesn’t take any exercise.
If .................................................. .................................................. ..................
20. unless it rains soon,the crop will be lost.
if .................................................. .................................................. ...........
VII Use “if” in place of “unless”
36

37. 1/ We won’t go out unless it stops raining.
-____________________________________________________________
2/ I will call the police unless you give back my bicycle.
-____________________________________________________________
3/ You wouldn’t be able to do this exercise unless your English were good.
-____________________________________________________________
4/ Unless we had enough rain, we couldn’t grow rice.
-____________________________________________________________
5/ The fishermen couldn’t have caught a lot of fish unless they had had good nets.
-____________________________________________________________
6/ I wouldn’t buy it unless I could afford it.
-____________________________________________________________
7/ I would refuse to go unless they paid my expenses.
-____________________________________________________________
8/ I don’t agree with his economic policy. I wouldn’t vote for him unless he changed it.
-____________________________________________________________
9/ He wouldn’t have written unless he had heard news.
-____________________________________________________________
10/ You might not have a terrible toothache unless you went to the dentist regularly.
-____________________________________________________________
VIII: reported speech of condition
1.“If I were you, I would help him.” She said
→..............................................................................................................................................................
2.“I could have understood him if he had spoken more slowly.” Mary said
→..............................................................................................................................................................
3.“If you had listened carefully, you would have performed well in the examination”. The teacher said to me
→..............................................................................................................................................................
4.“If my mother comes home, I will have a lot of presents.” Tom said
→..............................................................................................................................................................
5.“If I had afforded to buy some presents, my children would have been very happy.” He said
→..............................................................................................................................................................
6.“The kitchen will look better if we have red curtains.” They said
→..............................................................................................................................................................
7.“If I knew his address, I would go round and see him.” She said
→..............................................................................................................................................................
8.“If you hadn’t been so busy, I would have shown you how to play”.He told her.
→..............................................................................................................................................................
9.“It will be quicker if you use a computer.” The seller said to Tommy
→..............................................................................................................................................................
10.“If we have some eggs, we will make you a cake.” They told me
→..............................................................................................................................................................
37

38. 11. “ If my English had been better, I would have applied for a job of an interpreter for a tradingcompany”, Ann said
→..............................................................................................................................................................
12.“ If I were you, I’d stop smoking”. Janny said
→..............................................................................................................................................................
13.“If you are late tomorrow, I will fire you,” he said
→..............................................................................................................................................................
IX
1. If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less pressure on the earth.
2. Unless we leave a bowl of water under the sun, it will evaporate.
3. If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon have to face a fuel crisis.
4. If I am 10 centimeters taller, I would play basketball.
5. If the doctors could find in the remedy, a lot of people would be saved.
6. If she bought that house now, she ran out of money.
7. What you would do if you could speak French well?
8. If I had known he is not at home, I wouldn’t have gone all the way to his house.
9. If I had known that the road were flooded, I would never have taken that way.
10. If I were you, I will go to the dentist’s and have the tooth checked.
11. (A)Unless there (B)had been a (C)heavy storm, the climber (D)will not have died.
12. He (A)spends money (B)carelessly (C)as if he (D)was a millionaire.
13. (A)They spent money (B)as if (C)they (D)were very rich.
14. (A)What (B)would you have do (D)if you (D)were in my position?
15. (A)If I (B)had knew the time (C)when the match started, I (D)would have told you.
16. If (A)had I known you (B)were (C)in financial difficulty, I (D)would have helped you.
17. (A)If she (B)had listened (C)to my direction she (D)will not turn down the wrong street.
18. My children (A)won’t go to bed (B)unless they (C)don’t have (D)some money.
19. If you (A)keep on (B)playing games (C)on the computer, I (D)would sell it.
20. (A)Unless it (B)rains, we (C)will stay (D)at home.
21. (A)If I (B)am (C)a director, I (D)would make more film about children.
22. We (A)will go (B)to see the film “Titanic” (C)if the weather (D)is fine or not.
23. (A)Had he planned (B)on going, he (C)will have let us (D)know.
24. (A)If forests (B)had not been destroyed, there (C)will have been (D)no floods.
25. What (A)will happen (B)if there (C)was (D)no water.
REPORTED SPEECH
A.Grammar:
**câu tường thuật là loại câu thuật lại lời nói của một người khác dưới dạng gián tiếp
Eg:Hoa said,”I want to go home”
Hoa said she wanted to go home.
Notes: a.nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở thì hiện tại thì giữ nguyên động từ chính, chỉ đổi các đại từ chỉ định,
trạng từ nơi chốn, thời gian.
Eg:Hoa says,”I want to go home”.
38

39. Động từ TT-V chinh
Hoa says she wants to go home.
-He says,”I am going to Hanoi next week”.
He says he is going to HN next week
b.lùi động từ chính 1 bậc theo quy tắc
Tenses:
Direct Speech(Lời nói trực tiếp) Reported Speech(lời nói gián tiếp)
Present simple Hiện tại đơn Past simple Quá khứ đơn
Present progressive Hiện tại tiếp diễn Past progressive Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Past simple Quá khứ đơn Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành
Past progresive Quá khứ tiếp diễn Past perfect progressive QK hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Present perfect Hiện tại hoàn thành Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành
Present perfect progressive
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Past perfect progressive
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành
Past perfect progressive
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Past perfect progressive
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Will/shall àwould/should; mustàhad to. canàcould
*Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cũng như đại từ chỉ định được thay đổi theo quy tắc sau:
Today à that day
Tonight àthat night
Tomorrow àthe next day/the following day this àthat
Yesterday àthe day before/the previous day these àthose
Ago àbefore this/that àthe
Now àthen here àthere.
next Sunday àthe next/following Sunday
last Tuesday àthe previous Tuesday/the Tuesday before.
The day after tomorrow àin two days’ time/two days later.
àNguyên tắc trên được áp dụng cho tất cả các loại câu tường thuật.
**Có 4 loại câu tường thuật cơ bản:
1.Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể)
S+say(s)/said+(that)+S+V
*says/say to+Oàtells/tell+O said to+Oàtold+O
Eg:He said to me”I haven’t finished my work”
àHe told me (that) he hadn’t finished his work.
Cách 2: He said to me (that) he hadn’t finished his work
2.Reported questions:(Tường thuật dạng câu hỏi)
Notes:
Toàn bộ câu hỏi trong trực tiếp khi chuyển sang gián tiếp được đẩy lùi thì theo quy tắc chung và chuyển về dạng
khẳng định
39

40. a.Yes/No questions:
S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/weather+S+V
Eg .”Are you angry?”he askedàHe asked if/whether I was angry.
(Chuyển câu hỏi ở câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì,trạng từ chỉ thời gian,nơi chốn,chủ
ngữ,tân ngữ...)
b.Wh-questions:
S+asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered+Wh-words+S+V.
*says/say to+Oàasks/ask+O
said to+Oàasked+O.
Eg.”What are you talking about?”said the teacher.
àThe teacher asked us what we were talking about.
3.Reported commands.(Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh)
*Khẳng định: S+told+O+to-infinitive.
Eg.”Please wait for me here,Mary.”Tom saidàTom told Mary to wait for him there.
*Phủ định: S+told+O+not to-infinitive.
Eg.”Don’t talk in class”,the teacher said to us.-->The teacher told us not to talk in class.
*Reporting verbs:
-agree,decide,offer,promise,refuse...+to-infinitive
-advise,ask,encourage,invite,remind,tell,want,warn...+O+to infinitive
-admit(thừa nhận),deny(phủ nhận),stop,suggest...+-ing form)
**Câu điều kiện ở lời nói gián tiếp:
1.Điều kiện có thật,có thể xảy ra:Chúng ta áp dụng quy tắc chung của lời nói gián tiếp.
Eg.He said,”If I have much money,I’ll travel around the world.”
àHe said (that)If he had much money ,he would travel around the world.
2.Điều kiện không có thật/giả sử:Chúng ta giữ nguyên,không đổi.
Eg.”If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”,he said
àHe said If he had two wings,he would fly everywhere.
4. reported speech with gerund or infinitive
với dạng câu tường thuật có thể viết lại bằng cách dùng các danh động từ hoặc động từ nguyên thể bằng cách giữ
nguyên các cấu trúc của động từ hoặc động từ nguyên thể.
Ex : Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể)
1. “I went to see him yesterday”
à she said to me …………………………………………………………………
2. “I don’t want to meet him again”
àshe said to her friend…………………………………………………………………
3. he explained “I didn’t break the vase”
à he explained to his mother……………………………………………………………………….
4. my mother said” I am cooking now”
à my mother said to me……………………………………………………………………….
5. “ I like this book” he said
40