education purpose

1. Assessing and
Managing
Stress

2. Assessment of Stress and Neuromuscular
Tension
•Data from questionnaires to assess stress
level and behavior characteristicsof clients.
Computer soft ware that rates a stress
profile to help identify sources for each
individual. or you can also use electro
graphy or manual tension tests to evaluate
muscular tension due to stress.

3. Stress
• Questionnaires have been developed for assessment of
stress (Orioli, Jaffe and Scott) and identification of overt
Characteristics rated with Type A behavior patterns (jer
Rosenman, and Zyzanski 1974). The Stress Map
Questionnaire (Orioli et al. 1987) uses 21 scalees divide into
four parts to assess the fallowing:
• Environmental Pressures,
• Coping responses,
• inner thoughts and feelings, and
• signals of distress

4. •The Jenkins ACtivity Survey (JAS) (Jenkins
est. 1974) consists of 52 multiple choice
questions provides a Type A behavior
standard scores as three factor scores:
•Speed and impatience,
•Job involvement, and
•Hard-driving behavior and
competitiveness

5. Neuromuscular Tension
is associated with acute and chronic stress. The
degree of tension in skeletal muscles increases a part of
the fight-or-flight response to stress.
Electromyography (EMG) is the most valid method for
measuring muscle activity at rest. There is a direct
relationship between the frequency and amplitude of
EMG signals and the degree of tension in the resting
muscle.

6. • Rathbone Manual Tension Test (Rathbone and Hunt 1965).Ths
test assesses the muscular tension during passive movement of
the wrist, elbow, shoulder, neck , hip and knee joints. The test
evaluates four manifestations of muscular tension:
1. Assistance- Client aids the tester in moving the body
segement.
2. Resistance- Client resists the movement of the body segment.
3. Posturing - Client maintains the new position after the limb is
released by the tester.
4. Perseveration - Client continues to move or repeats the
movement of the body segment after it is
released by the tester.

7. •For each movement, you assign a numerical
value which corresponds to the degree of
tension observe:
0 = none
1 = slight
2 = moderate
3 = marked tension

8. Exercise and
Stress

9. Exercise is a physiological stressor which
evokes an acute stress reponse, such as increased heart
rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, blood flow to
muscles, oxygen consumption, and metabolic rate.
Intense and prolonged exercise (usually > 30 minutes)
increases the plasma levels of cortisol (Hartley et
al.1972; Shephard and Sidney 1975; Tharp 1975),
epinephrine, and norepinephrine (Hartley et al. 1972 ;
VonEuler 1974).