orthwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, consisting of what is now mainly modern-day Pakistan and northwest India

2. Description
 orthwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, consisting of what is now
mainly modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. Flourishing around
the Indus River basin, the civilization primarily centred along the Indus
and the Punjab region, extending into the Ghaggar-Hakra River valley
and the Ganges-Yamuna Doab. Geographically, the civilization was
spread over an area of some 1,260,000 square km, making it the
largest ancient civilization in the world.
 The Indus Valley is one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, along
with its contemporaries, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. At its peak,
the Indus Civilization may have had a population of well over five
million. Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley developed new
techniques in metallurgy and handicraft (carneol products, seal carving)
and produced copper, bronze, lead, and tin. The civilization is noted for
its cities built of brick, roadside drainage system, and multistoried
houses. The baths and toilets system the cities had is acknowledged[by
whom?] as one of the most advanced in the ancient world. The grid layout
planning of the cities with roads at exact right angles is a modern
system that was implemented in the cities of this particular civilization.
The urban agglomeration and production scale of this particular
civilization was unsurpassed at the time and for many future centuries.

3.  Susan Lewandowski states that the underlying principle in a Hindu
temple is built around the belief that all things are one, everything is
connected. The pilgrim is welcomed through mathematically
structured spaces, a network of art, pillars with carvings and statues
that display and celebrate the four important and necessary
principles of human life - the pursuit of artha (prosperity, wealth), the
pursuit of kama (desire), the pursuit of dharama (virtues, ethical life)
and the pursuit ofmoksha (release, self-knowledge]
 Hindu temple sites cover a wide range. The most common sites are
those near water bodies, embedded in nature, such as the above at
Badami, Karnataka.
 At the center of the temple, typically below and sometimes above or
next to the deity, is mere hollow space with no decoration,
symbolically representing Purusa, the Supreme Principle, the
sacred Universal, one without form, which is present everywhere,
connects everything, and is the essence of everyone. A Hindu
temple is meant to encourage reflection, facilitate purification of
one’s mind, and trigger the process of inner realization within the
devoteeThe specific process is left to the devotee’s school of belief.
The primary deity of different Hindu temples varies to reflect this
spiritual spectrum.

4.  The appropriate site for a Mandir, suggest ancient Sanskrit texts, is
near water and gardens, where lotus and flowers bloom, where swans,
ducks and other birds are heard, where animals rest without fear of
injury or harm These harmonious places were recommended in these
texts with the explanation that such are the places where gods play,
and thus the best site for Hindu temples
 While major Hindu Mandirs are recommended at sangams (confluence
of rivers), river banks, lakes and seashore, Brhat
Samhita and Puranas suggest temples may also be built where a
natural source of water is not present. Here too, they recommend that a
pond be built preferably in front or to the left of the temple with water
gardens. If water is neither present naturally nor by design, water is
symbolically present at the consecration of temple or the deity. Temples
may also be built, suggests Visnudharmottara in Part III of Chapter
93 inside caves and carved stones, on hill tops affording peaceful
views, mountain slopes overlooking beautiful valleys, inside forests and
hermitages, next to gardens, or at the head of a town street.

6. Thank You
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