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ピロリジン-イミダゾリウム
接合型キラルイオン液体触媒の開発
大分大学大学院工学研究科工学専攻応用化学コース
石川・信岡研究室
平井 達也
鏡合わせの関係=キラル
鏡に写っている左手は、右手の形
鏡
実物
→左手
左手 右手
互いに鏡に映った形になるが、重なり合わない
Introduction
キラルとは・・・
鏡合わせの関係=キラル
組成は同じだが、鏡に映した構造=鏡像異性体
・・・中央の炭素原子に四つの異なる原子団が結合
(S)-アミノ酸 (R)-アミノ酸
左手系
→S体
右手系
→R体
鏡像異性体
CH3
C
NH2
HOOC
H
CH3
C
H2N
COOH
H
Introduction
(R)-サリドマイド(S)-サリドマイド
例:サリドマイド事件
サリドマイドは睡眠薬、神経性胃腸薬として妊婦に調剤されていた。
→妊婦が服用することで先天異常や胎児死亡という催奇形性があった。
調査によりS体に催奇形性作用があることが分かった。
鏡像異性体分離の重要性
催奇形性作用あり
N
NO
O
O
O
H
H
N
N
H
O
O O H
O
Introduction
医薬品における鏡像異性体分離の必要性
Introduction
不斉合成とは・・・
鏡像異性体を有する化合物の合成において
片方の化合物を選択的に合成する方法
不斉触媒とは・・・
不斉合成において鏡像異性体化合物を
選択的に合成することが出来る触媒
50% 50%
100% 0%
例
林・ヨルゲンセン触媒 マクミラン触媒
1) Benjamin List,* Peter Pojarliev, and Harry J. Martin Org. Lett., Vol. 3, No. 16, 2001
1)
L-プロリンの不斉触媒の反応例
Introduction
天然に存在するキラルアミノ酸であり、安価で大量に入手可能である
不斉触媒として利用できることがListらによって報告されている1)
●L-proline
●Ionic Liquids(イオン液体)
室温で液体の塩であり、熱安定性、難燃性の特徴を持つ
カチオンとアニオンの組み合わせで物理的、化学的性質が変化
不斉マイケル付加反応において嵩高さ、水素
結合能のある官能基の導入によりL-プロリン
よりも高い収率と高い立体選択性が得られた
2) Nobuoka K. et al., Org. Chem. Int., 2014, Article ID:836126
●Previous Work
●This Work
プロリン由来のピロリジン環の2位の炭素にリンカーを
介さずイミダゾリウムを直接接合することで触媒活性
の向上、様々な置換基を導入することで選択性の導出
が期待される
ピロリジン-ピロリジニウム接合型CILs
ピロリジン-イミダゾリウム接合型CILs
ピロリジンイミダゾリウム接合型CILs合成スキーム
Experiment
Boc= TEMPO=
プロリン型キラルイオン液体 ガラス転移温度 Tg /℃ 融点 Tm /℃ 凝固点 Tfr /℃
catalyst Ⅰ ‐CH2CH3 -43.0 — -75.5
catalyst Ⅱ ‐CH3 — -73.1 -113.5
catalyst Ⅲ ‐(CH2)3-CH3 — -58.9 -78.4
catalystⅠ
catalystⅡ catalystⅢ
DSCサーモグラムによる物性調査
凝固点Tfr:−75.5℃
ガラス転移温度Tg:−43.0℃
(測定条件…サンプルパン:Al,サンプル量:1.19 mg,
リファレンス:empty,昇降温速度:2℃/min)
Tfr
Tg start
Results
entry time/h catalyst catalyst/mol% yieldb
/% drc
(syn/anti) eed
%
1 48 L-prolinee
15 80 99/1 40
2 24 catalyst Ⅰ 15 85 95/5 14
3 48 catalyst Ⅰ 15 87 93/7 15
4 72 catalyst Ⅰ 15 90 90/10 22
5 72 catalyst Ⅰ 5 98 94/6 16
6 72 catalyst Ⅰ 10 95 94/6 17
7 72 catalyst Ⅰ 20 99 94/6 20
8 48 catalyst Ⅱ 15 52 94/6 85
9 72 catalyst Ⅲ 15 70 97/3 >99
L-proline catalystⅠ catalystⅡ catalystⅢ
a
Conditions:trans-β-Nitrostyrene(0.25 mmol),Cyclohexanone(5.0 mmol). b
Isolated yield.
c
Determined by 1
H NMR spectroscopy. d
Determined by chiral HPLC analysis.e
Solved by DMSO
不斉マイケル付加反応おける触媒能調査
エナンチオマー
エナンチオマー
ジアステレオマー
A
(syn体)
B
(syn体)
C
(anti体)
D
(anti体)
dr = : = syn : anti
A+B+C+D A+B+C+D
A+B C+D
ee = ×100
A+B
A-B dr(diastereomer raito)
ee(enantiomer excess)
ジアステレオ比(dr)、エナンチオ過剰率(ee)
Discussion
catalystⅠ catalystⅡ, catalystⅢ
catalystⅠはcatalystⅡやcatalyst Ⅲと比較するとプロリン由来のピロリジン環との間
にリンカーがないが、catalyst Ⅱ,catalyst Ⅲはエチレン基をリンカーとしてピロリジニウ
ムが接合している。リンカーを有する触媒の最適化構造はプロリン由来のピロリジン環
とピロリジン環がほぼ平行なっているため、効果的に不斉導出することができている。
しかし、直接結合しているcatalyst Ⅰはピロリジン環とイミダゾリウムが直交する形で
結合しているため効果的に不斉導出することができていないと考えられる。
catalystⅠはcatalystⅡ、catalystⅢと比較しても収率及びジアスレテオ選択性にお
いて低下することはなかった。これはプロリン由来のアミノ基が下図に示すようにエナ
ミン形成し、不斉反応が進行しているためであると考えられる。
Summary
新規プロリン型CILsであるピロリジン‐イミダゾリウム接合型CILsの不斉触媒能を不斉マ
イケル付加反応にて評価を行った。L-proline、先行研究であるピロリジン‐ピロリジニウ
ム接合型CILsとの比較を行ったが、収率、ジアステレオ選択性に関しては高い結果が
得られた。しかし、エナンチオ選択性に関してはかなり低い結果となってしまった。これ
は最適化構造がピロリジン環とイミダゾリウムが直交していることから不斉導出能が低
下しているのではないかと考えられる。
今後の方針
●catalyst Ⅰへ長鎖や嵩高い官能基の導入(ヘキシル基、ベンジル基など)
●不斉マンニッヒ反応での触媒能調査
プロリン系触媒を使った不斉マンニッヒ反応の例
3) Naidu S. Chowdari et al Org. Lett., Vol. 8, No. 13, 2006

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