Presentation on the topic of athletic game.Athletics is called the mother of all the games.in this presentation history of athletics is covered.technology and equipment used in athletics are also covered

2. ATHLETICS
 Muhammad UMAR KHAN#10
 HABIBULLAH#41

4. Athletics
 Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves
track and field, road running, cross country running,
and race -walking.
 Track and field includes competitive running, jumping
and throwing. The name is derived from where the sport
takes place, a running track and a grass field for the
throwing and some of the jumping events.
 Track and field is categorized under the umbrella term of
Athletics.

5. Athletics an “Umbrella” Term
Athletics
Track And Field
Events
Runnig
Jumping
Throwing
Road Running
Cross Country
Running,Race
Walking

6. History Of Athletics
 Athletics is the mother of all games because it has roots
in human prehistory.
 Track and field-style events are among the oldest of all
sporting competitions, as running, jumping and
throwing are natural and universal forms of human
physical expression.
 The first recorded examples of organized track and
field events at a sport festival are the Ancient Olympic
Games. At the first Games in 776 BC in Olympia
Greece, only one event was contested: the stadion
footrace.

7. History Continue…
 For the first 12 Olympics
the Stadion foot-race was the
only event and it remained the
most prestigious event
throughout the history of the
Games. The race was ran over
one length (a stadion) of the
stadium track, 600 ancient feet
or 192 m.

8. History Continue…
 The ancient Olympic Games were initially a one-
day event until 684 BC, when they were extended
to three days. In the 5th century B.C., the Games
were extended again to cover five days. The ancient
Games included running, long jump, shot put and
javelin events.

9. History Continue…
 The “Discobolus"
is a copy of a
Greek statue 5th
century BC. It
represents an
ancient Olympic
discus thrower.

10. Ancient Olympic Games
Stadium Entrance,
Olympia
Starting
Blocks,Olympia

11. Islamic History of Athletics
The Prophet (SAW) emphasized a lot on the
importance of sports. He used to arrange competitions
for various sports. For example the following
competitions could be seen in the books of Seerah:
1. Running on Feet Competition for Adults
2. Running on Feet Competition for the Children
3. Horse Race Competitions
4. Wrestling Competition
5. Shooting Competition
6. Swimming Competition

12. Islamic History Continues…
1-Running on Feet Competition for adults
Regarding running on feet competition, we see
that the Prophet (SAW)participated in running
competition with his wife Ayesha, as she narrates
that she accompanied the Prophet in a journey and
the Prophet (SAW) entered in running
competition with her which she won. She further
says that when I put on some weight we had
another running competition which he won.

13. Islamic History Continues…
2- Running on Feet Competition for the children
The Prophet (SAW) held running competitions for
children to keep them healthy and active, as it is
narrated in the Hadith of Abdullah bin Harith.

14. Olympic Events
Track Field
Combined
Events
Sprints
Middle -
Distance
Long
distance
Hurdles Relays Jumps Throws
100m
200m
400m
800 m
1500 m
3000
m(steeple
chase)
5000 m
10000 m
Marathon
Race-
Walking
110m Hurdles
400m
Hurdles
4* 100
m
relay
4*400
m
relay
Long
Jump
Triple
Jump
High ump
Pole Vault
Shot Put
Discuss
Throw
Hammer
Throw
Javelin
throw
Heptathlon
Decathlon

15. 100m race

16. Steeplechase

17. Throws
SHOT PUT

18. Discuss Throw

19. Javelin Throw

20. Making Of Javelin

23. Pole Vault
Landing Mats:
 Innovation in landing mats for the High jumps and Pole
vault has meant replacing the piles of sand or saw dust
previously used with synthetic foam encased in a poly-vinyl
chloride (PVC) cover.
 This has greatly increased the safety of landing,making
possible both the substantially greater heights in the pole
vault we see today and a major change in the technique of
high jump.
 The flop technique, developed by Dick Fosbury (USA) and
others in the mid-1960s,would not have been possible
without the possibility of the jumper landing injury-free on
the back or neck.

24. Pole Vault

27. Cross-Country Running
 Cross country running is
a sport in which teams and
individuals run a race on
open-air courses over
natural terrain such as dirt
or grass.
 The course, typically 4–12
kilometres (2.5–7.5 mi)
long, may include surfaces
of grass and earth, pass
through woodlands and
open country, and
include hills, flat ground
and sometimes gravel road
and minor obstacles.

28. Road -Running
 Road running is the sport
of running on a measured
course over an
established road. This differs
from track and field on a
regular track and cross
country running over natural
terrain.
 Mostst road running events
are open to the general
public. It is not unusual for
large events to number in
thousands of participants

29. Race walking

30. Energy Systems Used in Athletics
Anaerobic Systems
The two anaerobic(without oxygen) systems are:
 The creatine phosphate system-sometimes called the
phosphocreatine,immediate,CP,PC or ATP-CP system
 The lactic acid system
Creatine Phosphate System
 As you begin to exercise, ATP stored in the muscles is
used to release energy for muscle contraction.If you
continue exercise , the left over ADPs and phosphates

31. Creatine Phosphate System Con…
must be recombined to produce ATP. Initially this
done by a compound called creatine phoshate .
 This resynthesis does not require oxygen, so the
creatine phosphate system is said to be anaerobic.
 Unfortunately, creatine phosphate supplies are
finished about 10 seconds of high-intensity exercise.
 So the creatine phosphate system provides ATP for
high intensity workouts such as sprints, throws and
jumps that take less than 10 seconds.

32. The Lactic Acid System
 As the creatine phosphate stores become exhausted,
the second anaerobic energy system begins to supply
the majority of the ATP muscle need to keep you
exercising.
 In this system stored glycogen is converted into
glucose, this glucose is then converted into a substance
called lactic acid.
 Unfortunately, lactic acid is toxic in large amounts.As
it begind to build up in the muscles, fatigue and
discomfort set in.

33.  The lactic acid system
provides the ATP
required for high-
intensity activities
lasting 10 seconds to 2
minutes.
 The most common
experience of lactic
acid build-up is during
a 400 meter run also
callde man-killer.
 Sprinter Michael
Johnson has high
anaerobic capacity.

34. The Aerobic(Oxygen) System
 Aerobic means that the energy system needs oxygen to
function.
 Once you begin exercise your respiratory rate ,tidal
volume(depth of each breadth),heart rate all increase
in attempt to rapidly increase oxygen delivery to
working muscles.
 During rest fats are the primary fuel but during
exercise corbohydrates(glucose) are the primary fuel.
 Thus the aerobic energy system is the major
contributor in continous activities such as marathons.

37. Technology in Athletics
 The close relationship between technology and sport is
not a modern phenomenon. Before 700 B.C. the ancient
Greeks had the idea of shaping a throwing implement with
excellent aerodynamic properties to produce the discus,
an early masterpiece of sports engineering that remains
integral to modern athletics.
 The impact of modern technology on athletics, the
following two categories have been made:
1:Techn0lohy with indirect influence on Athlete
Performance
2:Techn0lohy with direct influence on Athlete
Performance

38. 1. Technology with Indirect
influence on athletic performance
 This includes all technology used by the athlete for
performance enhancement. The scope of this category
can be seen in the :
• Training equipment
• Nutrition
• Advanced
technology(Analysis,Medical,Media)
• Education

39. Training Equipment
Running Shoes:
 The piece of athletics equipment that has received most
attention is the running shoe.
 Replacing the leather shoes previously used by runners,from
1972 rubber-soles shoes have been introduced.
 This started a revolution in running footwear that has not only
impacted the training of performance-oriented athletes.It also
helped to create the so-called running boom, bringing tens of
millions of participants into the sport of athletics .

41. Anti-Gravity Treadmill

42. Lactic Acid Monitor

43. Lactic Acid Monitor

44. Nutrition
 Nutritional products are used by the athletes for the
enhancement of their performance such as Dietary
supplements,Sports drinks etc.
 Dietary supplements to enhance exercise and
athletic performance come in a variety of forms,
including tablets, capsules, liquids and powders.
 Elite track and field athletes participating in world-
championship competitions took one or more dietary
supplements containing such ingredients as vitamins,
minerals, creatine, caffeine, and amino acids.

45. Nutrition Continue…
 Wearable Fitness Tracker:
 A big problem for athletes is to
track energy intake and
expenditure.Thi device calculates
energy expenditure during physical
activity.
 This information is useful to both
the athlete and their nutritionist in
terms of recommending the
appropriate amount food and
nutrient intake.

46. Advanced Technology
 Analysis Technology:
 movement analysis systems, dynamometric analysis
devices, technology for doping control sample
analysis, etc
 Medical Techology:
 X-ray, MRT(Magnetic resonance tomography), therapy
equipment, etc
 Media Technology:
 computer animations, Skycam, Spidercam, mobile
phone apps, video boards, etc

47. Cameras Used

48. Photo Finish Camera

49. Education
 Educating The Athletes:
 Athletes are noe being educated by using video, e-
learning, computer programs, etc and by working on
their psychology.
 Sports Psychology:
 New disciplines have been introduced with the aid of
modern technology and research and “sports
psychology” is one of them.
 Imagery is an important tool that can help athletes to
maintain a vision what they want to achieve in their
sport.

50. 2 . Technology with Direct
Influence on Athletic Performance
 The list of ways that technology is used to directly
impact athletics performance is given below:
Spikes:
 Spiked shoes are an indispensable piece of equipment
 in the running and jumping disciplines since the
1860s.
 Spiked shoes are very light, which reduces the energy
effort during the leg movements.
 Their main purpose is to provide increased traction.

51. Advanced Technology Spikes

52. Direct influence Continue…
Tracks / Surfaces:
 The running track, which defines the look of the sport of
athletics, went through a revolution with the introduction
of polyurethane surfaces in the late 1960s.
 Until then cinders or grass were the most common
surface materials.
 The generally greater ground force reaction provided by
 these surfaces has led to improved results in all events.
 The harder tracks have been associated with a greater risk
of injuries.

55. Direct influence Continue…
Starting blocks:
 Starting blocks were invented in the 1920 that is used
in sprint races. Before that, athletes would use small
trowels to dig foot holes that provided them with a
better push off at the start of the race.
 Over time starting blocks have been made from wood
and steel then progressing to lighter aluminium.
 Starting blocks used at high-level competitions now
incorporate speakers that ensure that the sound of the

56. Direct influence Continue…
 -starting gun reaches all
competitors in a race
simultaneously and
sensors to detect the
athletes‘ initial movement
or reaction time.
 The reaction time, which is
used to indicate a false
start, can be
communicated instantly to
both the stadium
spectators and TV
audiences.

57. False start Detected

58. Clothing

59. Regenerative Clothing

60. Timing Equipment
 The first Olympic Games at which fully electronic
timing equipment was used were in Munich in 1972.
 This change has affected performance statistics as the
records based on electronic timing are certainly more
reliable.
 The timing equipment is also connected directly to the
starting gun and a false start detection system.
 False starts are automatically detected when the
reaction time of the sprinters (certain pressure against
the starting blocks) is at least 100 ms or slower.