January 14 2011

1. BUSINESS COUNCIL of MONGOLIA
NewsWire
www.bcmongolia.org
info@bcmongolia.org
Issue 151, January 14 2011
NEWS HIGHLIGHTS:
Business:
 SouthGobi Resources completes Aspire Mining investment;
 Khan launches international arbitration against Mongolia government;
 Sedgman Ltd. secures new contracts from Energy Resources;
 SK Telecom Sells 29.3% Stake In Mongolia's Skytel, Exiting Market;
 Rio Tinto Digs Deeper Into Africa;
 Peabody lowers earnings outlook on Australia floods;
 Floods halt Leighton projects;
 Centerra forecasts lower output in 2011;
 Khukh Gan Company rumored for an equity offering;
 Voyager Resources commenced drilling at Khongor copper gold project;
 Mongolian Resource agrees to sell to Alamar Resources;
 Silk Road Management acquires MonBiz indices;
 Marketing deal for ZENPEP in Russia/CIS/Georgia/Mongolia;
 Kindergartens receive Mongolian national intellectual toys from Khan Bank.
Economy:
 Over 2,300 students are registered in second stage of OT training;
 Inflation has increased to 13% y-o-y;
 Mongolia counts 32.7 million livestock, a decrease of 11.3 million heads;
 External trade deficit of USD378.7 million, exports up 53.8%;
 350 billion MNT spent for construction in Mongolia in 2010, up 26%;
 Mongolian industrial output increased 169.7 billion MNT, up 10%;
 Russia cancels flour export ban;
 Searches for urban planning solution in Mongolia;
 Companies must improve corporate governance to progress;
 Japan, ADB aim to help Mongolia’s savings and credit cooperatives;
 Australia floods cut 5% of world coking coal supply;
 Wood Mackenzie sees coal price hikes;
 Australian shares survive the flood;
 Iron-ore prices hit new eight month top;
 Gold seen averaging $1,457/oz in 2011;
 Most miners agree to tax hike in copper giant Chile;
 U.S. loses ground on economic freedom to Asia;
 Developing nations fight inflation;
 Rising Chinese inflation threatens higher consumer prices;
 Chinese foreign currency reserves swell by record amount;
 New move to make yuan a global currency;
 Raising the red flag on red capitalism.

2. Politics:
 Medvedev signs into law joint uranium mining company with Mongolia;
 PM Batbold impressed by Dubai, invites Arab investments;
 Mongolian foreign policy draft resolution submitted;
 Document defines the trend of our foreign relations: G. Zandanshatar;
 Tripartite agreement marks first mining grievance mechanism;
 Car licenses in demand in Beijing;
 Kazakhstan: Leader’s long-term lease.
*Click on titles above to link to articles.
BUSINESS
SOUTHGOBI RESOURCES COMPLETES ASPIRE MINING INVESTMENT
SouthGobi Resources has completed the private placement with Aspire Mining, investing about
AUD20.1 million to advance exploration at Aspire's Ovoot Coking Coal Project.
SouthGobi now holds about 19.9% of Aspire and will have the right to nominate one director to the
Board as well as the right to maintain its proportionate shareholding for two years.
SouthGobi's vice president of corporate development Tony Pearson has subsequently joined the
Aspire Board. He has previously held senior positions with the Australian Securities & Investments
Commission, Citigroup's Metals and Mining Investment Banking team and Westpac Banking
Corporation.
Aspire is an ASX-listed company focused on advancing the Ovoot project along with the Nurant and
Shanagan coal projects. Funds from the placement will assist Aspire with its 2011 exploration and
resource drilling program at Ovoot and the payment of the deferred consideration owing in respect
to the acquisition of Ovoot.
SouthGobi Resources is focused on exploration and development of its Permian-age metallurgical
and thermal coal deposits in Mongolia's South Gobi Region. The company's flagship coal mine, Ovoot
Tolgoi, is producing and selling coal to customers in China. The company plans to supply a wide
range of coal products to markets in Asia.
Drilling at Ovoot began in April 2010 and has established a maiden 330.7 million tonne JORC
resource.
Aspire's managing director David Paull says, ―We are very pleased to welcome SouthGobi as the
company's cornerstone shareholder and look forward to a very active 2011 exploration and
development program.‖
www.aspiremininglimited.com
KHAN LAUNCHES INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION AGAINST MONGOLIA GOVERNMENT
TSX-listed Khan Resources has filed for international arbitration against the Mongolian government
and is seeking more than $200-million in compensation for losses and damages, the firm said on
Monday.
The arbitration action was launched after ―expropriatory and unlawful treatment of Khan‖, related
to the Dornod uranium deposit in the north-east of the country. The Nuclear Energy Agency of
Mongolia announced in November 2010 that it would not reinstate the licenses that Khan holds on
the Dornod uranium property. The company alleges that the licences were ―illegally‖ cancelled, so
that the State could pursue the project without Khan.
The arbitration will take place under the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on
International Trade Law, and asserts claims under the Energy Charter Treaty, the Foreign
Investment Law of Mongolia, and the Founding Agreement between Khan and the Mongolian
Government.
The claim has been today served on various officials of the Government of Mongolia, Khan said in a
statement. "We are disappointed that the government of Mongolia has left us no alternative other
than international arbitration,‖ Khan CEO Grant Edey said.
―The Nuclear Energy Agency of Mongolia continues to falsely denounce us in Mongolia while
simultaneously entering into an agreement with ARMZ of Russia for the development of the Dornod
deposit, thereby excluding Khan of its rightful interests.‖ The company believes it has a strong
case of expropriation without compensation, and intends to ―vigorously‖ pursue the arbitration
process to its conclusion, he said.
Source: Mining Weekly

3. SEDGMAN LTD. SECURES NEW CONTRACTS FROM ENERGY RESOURCES
Australia-based coal mine engineering provider Sedgman Ltd. (ASX:SDM) has secured US$31 million
worth of new contracts that will expand its presence in Mongolia. Sedgman said on Tuesday it had
been awarded several new contracts for work with Energy Resources LLC on coal operations in the
South Gobi region of Mongolia.
They include a US$19 million contract to carry out engineering work on the second stage of Energy
Resources' UHG mine, which follows Sedgman's similar work on the first stage of the mine. The
company has also been awarded US$12 million in work to ensure the operational readiness of the
coal handling and processing plant at the first stage of the UGH mine and will manage the plant for
three years.
Chairman Russell Kempnich said Sedgman was pleased to be expanding its operational management
services beyond the Australian market.
Source: AsiaPulse via COMTEX
SK TELECOM SELLS 29.3% STAKE IN SKYTEL, EXITING MARKET
South Korean mobile operator SK Telecom Co. (SKM) said Thursday it has sold its entire 29.3% stake
in Mongolia's Skytel LLC to existing shareholders raising a total of KRW28.3 billion ($25.4 million)
and marking its exit from the country as the market becomes saturated.
The move is part of SK Telecom's ongoing strategy to pull out of unprofitable markets and shift its
focus into other markets and business areas using more advanced network technology. In September
last year, SK Telecom also sold its entire 3.8% stake in China Unicom (Hong Kong) Ltd. for US$1.35
billion. In June 2008, SK Telecom sold its unprofitable U.S. mobile unit, Helio, for $39 million in
stock to Virgin Mobile USA Inc., which was acquired by Sprint Nextel.
"The penetration rate of the Mongolian cellphone market has reached more than 60% and is getting
saturated," said Lauren Kim, a spokeswoman at SK Telecom. "The funds will be reinvested in the
areas we are now focusing on, such as (mobile) platforms." SK Telecom said it sold the stake to
existing shareholders in Mongolia including Sun Clay Group and Global Com LLC.
SK Telecom acquired an initial 20% stake in Skytel in 1999 and provided analog telecommunications
equipment. The Korean company further increased its stake in Mongolia's second-largest mobile
telecommunications firm by subscribers to 29.3% by investing KRW600 million in cash in 2002.
SK Telecom said it received an additional KRW2.5 billion in dividend income after the stake sale.
Skytel was established in 1999 through a joint venture between SK Telecom and Korea-based firm
Taihan Electric Wire Co.
Read more…
The divestment comes after SK Telecom said in May that it will buy a 25.8% stake in Malaysian
broadband network operator Packet One Networks (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. for $100 million, a tie-up
that would help SK Telecom expand into other promising overseas markets while giving Packet One
the capital it needs to expand its WiMAX high speed broadband network in Malaysia.
Telecommunications firms in South Korea have been looking abroad for growth in recent years
developing products that bundle fixed-line, mobile and Internet services as growth slows at home.
Source: Dow Jones Newswires RIO
TINTO DIGS DEEPER INTO AFRICA
Rio Tinto has prided itself on the fact that more than 80% of its assets are in OECD countries. So its
$3.9 billion deal last month to buy Australian-listed Riversdale Mining, whose principal assets are in
Mozambique, represents a strategic shift for the global mining giant.
Riversdale will double Rio Tinto‘s African gross assets, catapulting that continent past the U.S. in
importance for Rio Tinto. Following on the heels of Rio Tinto‘s multibillion-dollar investment in a
metals project in Mongolia, the Riversdale acquisition signals the necessity for the global miner
take on political risks it has heretofore shunned.
In this case, there are precious few Tier 1 hard coking (metallurgical) coal reserves in the world.
Riversdale expects that by 2025 Mozambique will supplant the U.S. as the world‘s second largest
exporter of premium hard coking coal used for steelmaking (with a current global market share of
17%) after Australia (64%).
Riversdale didn‘t have the financial wherewithal to bring the African reserves to production,
however. As with the similarly sized Mongolian Oyu Tolgoi copper-gold mine (development cost in
the neighborhood of $5 billion), where Rio Tinto stepped in to develop a site originally discovered
by Canada‘s Ivanhoe Mines, Rio Tinto brings operating credibility, depth of experience and
marketing resources as well as financial backing.
Like Mongolia, Mozambique will need to raise its technical and educational levels to attain

4. industrial competency on par with developed countries in order to attract foreign investments and
know-how for further economic development and political stability.
Read more…
The Riversdale acquisition has the potential to more than double Rio Tinto‘s current managed hard
coking coal production to more than 30 million tons per year post-2020, according to a Rio Tinto
spokesman. But developing the Mozambique mines will be no mean feat.
There is significant credit risk, as reflected in the country‘s B+ S&P sovereign bond rating, one
notch below Mongolia‘s BB– and well into non-investment grade. While the country has recovered
from a protracted and brutal civil war that stretched from 1977 to 1992, Mozambique remains
dependent on foreign assistance for more than half of its annual budget and the majority of the
population is below the poverty line. With the majority of coking coal exploration activity taking
place after 2004, the country‘s short track record of dealing with foreign mineral development and
socio-economic underdevelopment contributes to political risk.
In a project financing (though perhaps premature), assuming a 30% equity and 70% debt component
and 10-year loan repayment, margins over Libor could easily exceed 400 basis points and the
assistance of international development banks and export credit agencies would be needed
alongside commercial bank financing to mitigate political risk and add project lending capacity.
Still, Rio Tinto has moved at an opportune moment. As a recent Credit Suisse assessment pointed
out, other players are busy minding their own shops and are unlikely to top Rio Tinto‘s deal for
Riversdale.
Tata Steel (24% owner of Riversdale) has its own balance sheet leverage issues and its managing
director Hemant Nerurkar has stated that he is interested in securing coking coal for Tata‘s own
steel operations rather than investing in Riversdale for its own sake.
Brazil‘s Cia. Siderurgica Nacional (CSA, a 16% owner of Riversdale) is probably interested primarily
in securing coking coal raw material supplies for its steelmaking.
Anglo American has just deleveraged its balance sheet and has the least debt headroom of the
major miners. Xstrata has more than $8 billion in undrawn credit facilities, but has a smaller
position in coking coal and is more likely to bid for the Drummond thermal coal assets in Colombia.
Brazil‘s Vale is focused on building its own Mozambique coking coal project and would probably
welcome Rio Tinto investment in the country because Rio will be better able to share the costs of
the necessary infrastructure expansions.
Not only did Rio Tinto strike while competitors‘ hands were tied. It inked the deal just before
floods in Australia cut off much production there and sent coking coal prices soaring. Prices have
now hit $250 a ton and could reach $300 when the next quarterly contracts are priced, up from
$170 in 2009 and $190 in 2010.
Good timing all around on the part of Rio Tinto, though it will be a challenge to build sufficient
infrastructure to realize Mozambique‘s coal potential and to obtain the debt to finance the project.
Source: Dow Jones Investment Banker
PEABODY LOWERS EARNINGS OUTLOOK ON AUSTRALIA FLOODS
Peabody Energy, the biggest US coal producer, said on Friday that it expects to report lower
earnings for 2010 than previously indicated, because of the effect of record rains and flooding on its
Australian operations.
Peabody said in October it expected full-year earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and
amortisation (ebitda) of between $1,85-billion and $1,9-billion. However, the disruptions in
Australia mean that ebitda will likely come in around the midpoint of an earlier forecast range of
$1,7-billion to $1,9-billion, which was issued by the company last July.
―December has resulted in the worst rain and flooding in Australia in approximately 50 years, which
has impacted production and shipments, washed out roads, restricted employee access, caused
train derailments and created port delays,‖ Peabody said in a statement on Friday.
Peabody said on December 30 it had issued force majeure notices advising customers of shipment
disruptions in Queensland because of torrential rainfal that has disrupted mines and slowed port
and freight operations. Force majeure is a clause in contracts that frees companies from their
obligations because of circumstances beyond their control. Anglo American, BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto
and Xstrata also issued similar notices, citing the heavy rains and flooding in Australia, the number-
one exporter of metallurgical coal.
Peabody operates 10 surface and underground mines producing thermal and metallurgical coal in
Queensland and New South Wales, according to the company's website. ―Combined with high
global metallurgical coal demand and strong electricity generation in key coal-consuming nations,
the reduced shipments are significantly tightening the seaborne supply-demand balance,‖ Peabody

5. commented. The company said it still expects to produce between 35-million and 40-million tons
from Australia by 2015.
Read more…
Peabody is one of the first big coal producers with exposure to the global seaborne markets to
disclose the financial impacts of the floods, Jefferies and Company analyst Michael Dudas said in a
note. ―Peabody's internal impact highlights a meaningful hit to the total Australian coal industry,‖
he commented. Some coking coal customers have expressed fears of prices as much as $100/t
higher than the current industry benchmark of $225/t negotiated between BHP Billiton and Asian
steel producers for the first quarter of 2011, Dudas said in a January 6 note.
Source: Mining News
FLOODS HALT LEIGHTON PROJECTS
Floods have halted work on Leighton Holdings Ltd. $4.1 billion Airport Link in Brisbane, but the firm
says it is too early to determine any possible impact on company earnings overall from the floods.
The firm says many of its construction and mining operations in Queensland may be affected by the
flood crisis. Some projects in the region had been temporarily shut down and employees granted
leave to protect their properties, the company said in an announcement.
"The extreme weather events unfolding in Queensland are unprecedented and widespread,"
Leighton said. "Any material impact to Leighton Holdings full year earnings will be determined over
the coming weeks and reported once known."
Rain and flooding have impacted Leighton's contract mining activities in Queensland, with varying
degrees of severity since late December. Some mining operations have recommenced, while others
remain on reduced rosters as "dewatering" continues, Leighton said. There had been no injuries to
personnel or any significant loss of plant or equipment, it said.
Read more…
Most of Leighton's Queensland construction projects are located in the south east region, which are
currently experiencing extreme rainfall and flooding.
Operations on the Airport Link have been stopped, and work is being undertaken to protect
equipment and worksites. "However we expect that a number of offices and some sections of the
project will suffer inundation over the next 24 hours," Leighton chief executive David Stewart said.
A levee is being constructed to protect tunnel work on the project.
Source: Sydney Morning Herald
CENTERRA FORECASTS LOWER OUTPUT IN 2011
Centerra Gold, TSX-listed, produced 678 941 oz of gold last year, including 249 866 oz in the fourth
quarter, but expects output in 2011 will be lower because of delayed permitting approvals in
Mongolia.The company had forecast production of 640 000 oz to 700 000 oz in 2010.
Centerra owns the Kumtor mine, in Kyrgyzstan, and the Gatsuurt project in Mongolia. The firm
ended operations at another Mongolian mine, Boroo, in November and had planned to replace the
production with ore from Gatsuurt, which is located about 50 km away. However, the firm is still
waiting to hear how the project will be affected by a new water and forests law enacted in
Mongolia, and the final permitting for Gatsuurt will not be approved until the uncertainty under the
new law is dealt with.
The company expects to produce between 600 000 oz and 650 000 oz of gold this year, including
550 000 to 600 000 oz from Kumtor, and 50 000 oz from processing stockpiled Boroo ore. ―We had
another strong fourth quarter, despite a ten-day shutdown at Kumtor, enabling the company to
achieve its 2010 production guidance,‖ CEO Steve Lang said in a statement.
The company is continuing to look for additional projects and aims to increase annual gold
production to 1,5-million ounces, Lang said. Centerra has budgeted $34-million for exploration this
year, up from $30-million in 2010, and expects capital expenditure will be $213-million, including
$38-million of sustaining capital and $175-million of growth capital.
Source: BUSINESSMONGOLIA
KHUKH GAN COMPANY RUMORED FOR AN EQUITY OFFERING
Khukh Gan Company, which runs steel production business, has recently merged and integrated
18.9 billion tugrugs of fixed assets of ―Ar Gan‖ Company. As a result, the company‘s production
capacity has increased. It has plans to decrease costs by having a second line in operation and to
double its marketing budget. At the moment, the company produces 35 tons of steel on average per
day and is working at 85% of its production capacity.
A decision of issuing an equity offering for the purpose of additional financing could be made during

6. Khukh Gan‘s shareholders‘ meeting. There are rumors that the company is going to do so by this
coming April.
Source: Unuudur
VOYAGER RESOURCES COMMENCED DRILLING AT KHONGOR COPPER GOLD PROJECT
Voyager Resources Ltd. (ASX:VOR) announced on 20 December 2010 it commenced diamond core
drilling at its 100%-owned Khongor Copper Gold Project located in the Oyu Tolgoi copper belt of the
South Gobi province.
Drilling is expected to continue well into January 2011 with initial assay results expected late
January. The commencement of drilling programmes is the first phase of an aggressive exploration
programmed that will include additional drilling, soil geochemical and geophysical surveys. Kell
Nielsen, Managing Director, stated ―with further exploration (this) has the potential to be a
Company making project for Voyager.‖
Source: Voyager Resources Ltd.
MONGOLIAN RESOURCE AGREES TO SELL TO ALAMAR RESOURCES
Mongolian Resource Corporation (MRC) has entered into a conditional agreement to be acquired by
Alamar Resources Limited, which is traded on the ASX. MRC is a diversified mining company
engaged in the acquisition, development and operation of resource properties in Mongolia,
particularly late stage or current producing mines. The company's current assets include gold, coal,
tungsten, iron ore, and lithium.
In addition to the share exchange agreement executed by MRC and Alamar Resources, Alamar has
signed a Letter of Engagement (LOE) with Stifel Nicolaus Weisel, the investment banking arm of
Stifel Financial Corp., for a planned AUD10 million capital raise. As part of the LOE, Stifel Nicolaus
Weisel has been engaged for a period of 24 months following the completion of the transaction to
provide investment banking services for Alamar Resources.
MRC is a client of S3 Investment Company‘s wholly-owned Redwood Capital subsidiary. Redwood
Capital has been engaged as the Asian merchant banking financial advisor for MRC. Redwood Capital
recently opened a new office in Ulaanbaatar.
Source: Globe Newswire
SILK ROAD MANAGEMENT ACQUIRES MONBIZ INDICES
Silk Road Management Ltd is pleased to announce that it has entered into an agreement with
MonBiz Media Ltd to acquire the rights to MonBiz Mongolia Index and MonBiz Hong Kong Index, two
equity indices MonBiz Media has co-developed with Eurasia Capital Ltd in 2010. Following the
acquisition, MonBiz Mongolia Index and MonBiz Hong Kong Index are renamed Silk Road Mongolia
Index and Silk Road Hong Kong Index respectively. Eurasia Capital has agreed to continue providing
its analytical support in maintaining and updating these two indices as well as assist Silk Road
Management in launching several new regional indices.
Silk Road Management is an investment management firm focused on investments in various asset
classes in Mongolia, including public equities, private equity and property. Based in Ulaanbaatar,
the capital of Mongolia, Silk Road Management intends to become the largest fund management
firm focused on Mongolia.
Eurasia Capital is a leading investment bank in Mongolia. Headquartered in Ulaanbaatar, the Firm
offers cross border M&A and advisory, capital raising, sales & trading and research services to its
international and regional clients including government agencies, major energy and resource
companies, sovereign wealth funds, private equity groups and global portfolio investors.
Source: Silk Road Management
MARKETING DEAL FOR ZENPEP IN RUSSIA/CIS/GEORGIA/MONGOLIA
Eurand N.V. (NASDAQ: EURX), a global specialty pharmaceutical company, and Nycomed, a privately
owned global pharmaceutical company, announced today that Eurand has entered into an exclusive
commercialization, license and supply agreement with Nycomed for Russia and the Commonwealth
of Independent States (CIS), as well as Georgia and Mongolia. Financial terms were not disclosed.
Under the agreement, Nycomed Russia-CIS will market and distribute ZENPEP® (pancrelipase)
Delayed-Release Capsules in Russia and CIS, as well as Georgia and Mongolia, subject to regulatory
review and approval of the product in those territories. ZENPEP is an FDA-approved pancreatic
enzyme product (PEP) indicated for the treatment of pancreatic insufficiency in patients with cystic
fibrosis or other conditions, such as chronic pancreatitis, gastrointestinal surgery and pancreatic
cancer. Eurand markets ZENPEP directly in the U.S. through its own sales force.

7. "This agreement represents an important development in our international marketing strategy for
ZENPEP," said Andrew Thompson, Eurand's Vice President, Commercial Operations. "Nycomed is one
of the fastest-growing pharmaceutical companies in Russia, and we are very confident of their
ability to maximize the value of ZENPEP in that market. We look forward to working with Nycomed
in pursuing regulatory approval for this product in the important Russia-CIS region."
"Nycomed is excited at the prospect of launching ZENPEP into the Russia-CIS market, where we are
launching our recently established gastrointestinal product portfolio," said Jostein Davidson, Senior
Vice President, Nycomed Group, and President, Nycomed Russia-CIS. "We believe ZENPEP, which
has been specifically formulated to meet the FDA's stringent guidelines for PEPs, will offer
physicians an important new treatment option for their patients with pancreatic insufficiency."
Russia-CIS is a significant market for PEPs, which is dominated by digestive disorders such as chronic
pancreatitis. According to data provided by IMS Health Incorporated, the PEP market in this region
was estimated to be approximately EUR 93.5 million ($130.5 million) in 2009.
Source: Market Wire
KINDERGARTENS RECEIVE MONGOLIAN NATIONAL INTELLECTUAL TOYS FROM KHAN BANK
The Khan Bank Foundation has started a project to diversify toys for children in kindergartens, and
to give Mongolian traditional intellectual puzzle toys that are good for children's health as well their
IQ development.
Within the framework of this project named ―Intellectual toys-intellectual future‖, the Khan Bank
Foundation has granted 6000 intellectual toys of 44 types, including lock, puzzle, intellectual and
mathematical toys to each kindergarten in 21 aimags, and six kindergartens from UB, for a total of
27 kindergartens. The toys were distributed Thursday to six kindergartens from Ulaanbaatar. The
Minister of Education, Science and Culture, directors of Khan Bank and the International Intellectual
Museum participated in the event which was held in the Khan Uul District Kindergarten #28.
Managers of six kindergartens have received the toys and were asked to use these Mongolian
traditional toys in their lessons.
The toys, which are targeted for the senior classes of kindergartens, were selected by kindergarten
teachers and intellectual Museum specialists. Each kindergarten is granted a kit including 222 toys
of 44 different types, CD and instruction booklet.
Read more…
During the ceremony, D. Batsaikhan, Chief of Corporate Affairs of the Khan Bank, said: ―Khan Bank
Foundation is continuing its commitment to social responsibility by presenting intellectual puzzle
toys made by the International Intellectual Museum to the children of 27 kindergartens in 21
provinces and UB. We did not choose just any toys but healthy Mongolian traditional puzzle toys
that are embedded in Mongolian ancestor‘s wisdom and that develop children‘s mind. We would
like to request the teachers to fully use these toys during their educational activities to bring up
intelligent and wise citizens of tomorrow‘s Mongolia. We cooperated with the Intellectual Museum
to support our national industry in this project.‖
Six kindergartens in UB have received Mongolian national healthy and IQ developing toys and will
use them in their educational activities as a role model to the other kindergartens. The
kindergartens in rural areas will receive the puzzle toys from Khan Bank branches across the
country next week.
Source : Montsame
SPONSORS
Khan Bank Eznis Airways

8. Mongolia Web Mongolian National Broadcasting
ECONOMY
OVER 2,300 STUDENTS ARE REGISTERED IN SECOND STAGE OF OT TRAINING
A total of 9,000 are set to be trained in Oyu Tolgoi‘s Vocational Training Center. The first 1,000
students are being trained at vocational training and production centers. The students now have
acquired their tuition fees and cost of their food and transportation as Oyu Tolgoi‘s investment is
made. 2,300 people were registered prior to New Year for the second stage. Over 40 students are
set to be trained at vocational training centers. So far 27 of them are attending their courses.
First Deputy Premier criticized the status of delayed work of training basics and emphasized that
it‘s important to create an environment which meets modern training requirements. Training
equipment and techniques for the welding course were missing, but they will be supplied to the
training centers at the beginning of this year.
Source: Zuunii medee
INFLATION HAS INCREASED TO 13% Y-O-Y
The National Statistical Office held a press conference Wednesday to present economic statistical
information for 2010. GDP increased by 6.1% in 2010. GDP increased by 25.3% compared to 2009
which was impacted by the economic crisis, but 6.1% when compared to the 2005 constant price
base period.
Trade in service, processing industry and mining had high profit. However, the agriculture sector
experienced immense losses and 11.3 million livestock died.
Inflation has reached double digits. Economists view that inflation must be confined to one digit,
but in fact inflation has increased by 13% year-over-year (y-o-y) from December 31, 2009.
According to Bank of Mongolia‘s information, money supply has increased to 4.7 trillion tugrugs, or
by 1.8 trillion tugrugs over the prior year. As mining investment and economic turnover improve,
currency rates of USD and the Euro have decreased and the tugrug rate has strengthened.
Source: Udriin sonin
MONGOLIA COUNTS 32.7 MILLION LIVESTOCK, A DECREASE OF 11.3 MILLION HEADS
At national level by the end of 2010, 32.7 million heads of livestock were counted, of which 1,920.3
thousand were horses, 2,176.0 thousand cattle, 269.6 thousand camels, 14,480.4 thousand sheep
and 13,883.2 thousand goats.
The total number of livestock decreased 11.3 million heads or 25.7 percent against the previous
year, of which horses–by 301.0 percent or 13.5 thousand, cattle by 423.3 thousand or 16.3 percent,
camel by 7.5 thousand or 2.7 percent, sheep by 4.8 million or 24.9 percent, goats by 5.8 million or
29.4 percent.
In 2010, 10.3 million heads of adult animals were lost, up by 8.6 million heads compared to 2010. In
the same period, 355.1 thousand tons of cereals, 168.0 thousand tons of potatoes, 82.3 thousand
tons of vegetables were harvested, and 1,132.3 thousand tons of gross hay harvest, 31.3 thousand
tons of hand-made fodder were produced.
Cereals harvest decreased by 36.6 thousand tons or 9.3 percent, while potatoes increased 16.7
thousand tons or 11.1 percent, vegetables–by 4.3 thousand tons or 5.5 percent, gross hay harvest–by
220.0 thousand tons or 24.1 percent, hand-made fodder–by 5.5 thousand tons or 21.1 percent
against the previous year.
Source: Montsame
EXTERNAL TRADE DEFICIT OF USD378.7 MILLION, EXPORTS UP 53.8%
Total external trade turnover reached USD6,177.1 million, of which exports made up USD2,899.2
million, imports--USD3,277.9 million.
External trade balance showed a deficit of USD378.7 million in 2010, increased by 126.4 million or
50.1 percent compared to the previous year. Total external trade turnover increased USD2,154.0

9. million or 53.5 percent, of which exports was up by USD1,013.8 million or 53.8 percent, and
imports–up by USD1,140.2 million or 53.3 percent respectively, compared to the previous
year. Mineral products, natural or cultured stones, precious metal, jewelry, coins, textiles & textile
articles live animals, animal origin products, raw & processed hides, skins, fur & articles thereof
accounted for 98.0 percent of the total export value amount.
Source: Montsame
350 BILLION MNT SPENT FOR CONSTRUCTION IN MONGOLIA IN 2010, UP 26%
In 2010, a total of 350.8 billion MNT of construction and installation works were carried out at
nationwide.
326.5 billion MNT or 93.1 percent of the work was executed by domestic entities, 24.3 billion MNT
or 6.9 percent–by foreign entities. Against 2009, 71.4 billion MNT or 25.6 percent increase in
construction and installation was mainly due to 75.9 billion MNT or 30.3 percent increase in the
works executed by the domestic entities.
In 2010, 29.4 million tons freight and 250.7 million passengers (double counting) were carried by all
types of transport; carried freight rose by 4.6 million tons or 18.7 percent, carried passengers–by
18.2 million persons or 7.8 percent.
Source: Montsame
MONGOLIAN INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT INCREASED 169.7 BILLION MNT, UP 10%
In 2010, the total industrial output increased 169.7 billion MNT or 10 percent to 1,874.6 billion MNT
(at 2005 constant prices) compared to the previous year.
This increase was mainly due to 16.7-91.8 percent increase in main mining and quarrying products
such as crude oil, fluor spar concentrate and coal; 11.2-69.0 percent increase in manufacturing
products such as copper, lime, alcohol, metal steel, flour, solid concrete, cement, sawn wood,
yoghurt, soft drinks, juice, metal foundries, fodder, milk; and 2.1-2.3 times increase in products
such as steel casting, and iron ore.
Industrial output (at 2005 constant prices) in 2010 showed increase in mining of coal and lignite
extraction of peat (91.8%), other mining and quarrying (19.5%), extraction of crude petroleum and
natural gas (16.7%) for the mining and quarrying sector; manufacture of office accounting and
computing (5.5 times), manufacture of rubber and plastics products (84.4%), production of non-
metallic mineral products (54.0%), manufacture of wood and wooden products (35.6%),
manufacture of basic metals (29.6%), manufacture of food products and beverages (24.0%),
manufacture of chemicals and chemical products (18.2%), manufacture of wearing apparel, dressing
and dyeing of fur (17.5%), publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media (7.6%),
manufacture of tobacco products (2.9%) for the manufacturing sector compared to the previous
year.
For the electricity, thermal energy and water supply subdivision, there was an increase in
production of electricity, thermal energy, and steam (6.4%).
Source: Montsame
RUSSIA CANCELS FLOUR EXPORT BAN
Russia cancelled its flour export ban on January 1, following appeals from flour millers who fear
losing foreign customers.
Russia introduced the ban on wheat, barley, rye, corn and flour exports on August 15 following the
worst summer drought in decades, which damaged around a third of the country's crops. Initially,
the ban was in force until December 2010, but it was later extended until June 30, 2011.
According to the Russian Grain Union, Russia exports flour to Mongolia, Afghanistan, South Korea,
Israel, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Moldova, Thailand and other states.
Source: RIA Novosti
SEARCHES FOR URBAN PLANNING SOLUTION IN MONGOLIA
Mongolia may be best known for its endless steppe and nomadic culture, but a significant
demographic shift is underway in which rural residents are crowding into urban centers, especially
in the capital Ulaanbaatar.
Hundreds of thousands of Mongolians face declining living standards as they pack into the capital‘s
polluted, unplanned ―ger districts‖ — named after the traditional nomad tent being used by
migrants unable to find affordable housing.
Ulaanbaatar‘s population is exploding, rising 70 percent in the just the past 20 years, according to
World Bank estimates. Capital city residents now comprise roughly half of the country‘s population

10. of 3 million, leaving government and international development agencies scrambling to find urban
planning solutions. ―The city is not meant to cope with this size. The demand for basic urban
services has long superseded what is available,‖ says Bijay Karmacharya, chief technical advisor at
UN Habitat.
Read more…
Standing on a hilltop on the fringe of Ulaanbaatar‘s northeastern sector, 22-year-old Myagmasuren,
who like many Mongolians uses only one name, says that six years ago his family was one of the few
residents of his suburban district.
Now, urban sprawl has engulfed the entire hill. Isolated from basic services like paved roads,
heating and clean water, life is far from plush. Rows of high wooden fences haphazardly demarcate
land plots housing several felt gers or, for the richer, small wood and brick houses sharing common
pit toilets. Residents burn coal to survive Mongolia‘s freezing winters when temperatures plunge to
-35°C (-31°F).
Downtown, glinting through the perpetual winter smog, shiny high-rise buildings remind urban
newcomers of the possibilities that lured them to Ulaanbaatar. ―From here we can really see the
social divide of the city — the north for the poor, downtown for the middle class and the south for
the ultra rich — you‘ll notice it‘s the north side that‘s winning in numbers,‖ Myagmasuren says with
a chuckle.
An uptick in urban migration has followed several recent harsh winters that decimated livestock
across the country. Many destitute nomads arrived after a 2003 court decision that provided for
freedom of movement within the country and the opportunity to grab 700 square meters of land
and register it.
On average, residents of the ger districts have access to just 6.7 liters of water each day, compared
with 261 liters per person per day for apartment dwellers, according to a UN study. ―The income
disparity is growing so alarmingly it‘s scary,‖ says Karmacharya of UN Habitat, who feels this
disproportionate access to resources coupled with unemployment is breeding anger. Violent street
crime is on the rise.
The government has started a campaign to move the ger settlers into apartment buildings with its
so-called ―100,000 Housing Project,‖ officially adopted last year. Authorities seek to build 75,000
high-rise concrete apartments in the city, 25,000 more in rural areas, and free 14,000 hectares of
land in the process. Yet skepticism for the project abounds.
―First there‘s a huge question of affordability — very few ger district dwellers can dream of
affording apartments even if subsidized, and, second, there is very little trust in the government
when they ask people to vacate their lands in return for subsidized housing, [a process that] may
take years to complete,‖ says the Open Society Forum‘s Gerelmaa Amgaabazar, who surveys ger
districts to study education marginalization of the urban poor. [The Ulaanbaatar-based Open
Society Forum is affiliated with the Open Society Foundations (OSF). EurasiaNet operated under the
auspices of the New York-based OSF].
For Bayanzurkh District‘s 55-year-old Baigalma and 75-year-old Ukhnai, relocating to high-rise
apartments is unimaginable. Though they have seen the ger districts mushroom and place
tremendous stress on local resources — a nearby river even dried up — they say they are still happy
for the independence their makeshift homesteads allow. ―I can‘t give up my life here and my
kitchen garden to live in a concrete box,‖ says Baigalma.
The two women lead a community savings group started by the Urban Development Resource
Center (UDRC), a local non-governmental organization. Aimed at improving living conditions in ger
districts though small community projects, they have spearheaded efforts to clean up their
neighborhoods by planting trees, installing dustbins and streetlights, and building a public water
reservoir.
―What people need are jobs, not more empty, unaffordable apartments,‖ says UDRC chair
Enkhbayar Tsendendorj, who dismisses the government housing project as ill-conceived. The lack of
community engagement and officials‘ tendency to view the ger districts simply as settlements to be
removed have encouraged resistance to the project, she believes.
But staring through the smog to the shinny buildings downtown, others like Myagmasuren would
welcome the opportunity to move into an apartment. ―I really won‘t mind running water and a
chance to escape the pit latrines,‖ he says.
Source: Pearly Jacob, a freelance journalist based in Ulaanbaatar for Eurasiane
COMPANIES MUST IMPROVE CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROGRESS
O. Erdenedalai, consultant at IFC is interviewed in respect to ―corporate governance‖.
What exactly does “corporate governance” means? Isn’t it similar to a company administration?

11. Corporate governance had been formulated by some lawyers as appropriate company management.
Now, one can assume that it has been agreed on a terminology of corporate governance. Corporate
governance is much broader concept than company management. Company management is relevant
to administration and management of activities of just one particular company. Whereas this is
concept involves reciprocal dependence of administration as well as shareholders, board members,
and other stakeholders…Positive aspects, which can emerge as a result of developing corporate
governance, can be categorized at macro level or at a given national level and micro level or at a
given company level. In terms of macro level, many beneficial aspects can be underlined such as
increased foreign direct investment, creation of fair competition as a result of increased
transparency, and decreased corruption. In terms of micro level, beneficial aspects can be
mentioned such as 1) more benefit for operation, 2) increased financing and investment, 3)
decreased cost of financing and investment, and 4) increased profile.
Recently not just one but two banks, which had been issued IPOs, got bankrupted?
Bankruptcies of ―Anod‖ and ―Zoos‖ are directly relevant to deviations from the main principles of
corporate governance.
Are there any companies in Mongolia of which corporate governance and its board activity have
met with international standards?
Of course. Recently our companies have already started issuing IPOs not just on the Mongolian
Stock Exchange, but also on the stock exchanges in London, Australia, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
This means that good principles of corporate governance have been facilitated.
Source: Unuudur
JAPAN, ADB AIM TO HELP MONGOLIA’s SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVES
A USD 2.5 million grant from Japan‘s Fund for Poverty Reduction, which is financed by the Japanese
government and administered by Asian Development Bank (ADB), will be used to attempt to
strengthen the regulation of Mongolia‘s savings and credit cooperative market.
Having passed a new law recently to regulate savings and credit cooperatives, Mongolia will use the
grant to further support the Financial Regulatory Commission, which inspects all savings and credit
cooperative activities, provides training for staff and offers evaluation systems.
The grant will also be used to improve financial literacy in poor households through a six-part pilot
drama series on Mongolian television covering savings and managing money. According to Betty
Wilkinson, Senior Finance Specialist in ADB‘s East Asia Department, this television series will be
extended if the public response is positive.
Source: Microcapital Brief
AUSTRALIA FLOODS CUT 5% OF WORLD COKING COAL SUPPLY
Australia's devastating floods could remove 5% or more of steelmaking coal from world markets, a
major bank estimated on Wednesday, as signs emerged that damage and disruption to coal
infrastructure continued to spread with the floodwaters.
Australia's Bowen Basin coal district, the heart of its coking coal industry in Queensland state, is
slowly emerging from floods, which have now raced south, but recovery has been slow, with one
Queensland coal port closed and two restricted.
Commonwealth Bank of Australia said the floods could remove nearly 14-million tons of coking coal
from world markets, and that figure could rise if rains returned to the Bowen Basin. "Open-cut
mines are flooded, mine roads and railways are underwater and/or washed out," the bank said in a
report. "Full recovery will take months and that assumes rains stop, despite another two to three
months of the wet season to go."
Showers are forecast for the rest of this week around Bowen Basin coal centres of Emerald and
Rockhampton, but the heavy rains have passed and clear skies are expected by the weekend.
Read more…
Australia's largest coking-coal export terminal, Dalrymple Bay, has only operated at 60% of normal
volumes so far in January and is concerned inventories of coal held by mines will run out.
CBA said it expected the emerging supply shortfall to drive contract coking coal prices 30% higher to
$293 a ton in the second quarter from around $225 in the current quarter.
Following the wettest November and December on record, more than 40 mines suspended
operations, taking down an estimated 47.3 million tonnes of annual production. Since floods began
receding in the Bowen Basin this week, the coal sector has suffered yet more setbacks as rains
flooded out another rail line further south, forcing more collieries to close. Australian ports and

12. rail operator Asciano warned the closures were hurting its business.
Asciano signalled a downgrade to its revenue forecast and said coal haulage in New South Wales
state, south of Queensland, was also hit by congestion and restricted availability of coal. New
South Wales accounts for most of Australia's thermal coal exports, which are used to fuel power
stations.
Asciano's larger rival and top coal transporter QR National has shut some lines and warned of major
disruptions. One of its key rail corridors, the Blackwater line, remained inaccessible for inspection,
a QR National spokesman said. "There are still some parts underwater so until they are all above
the water line we won't be able to inspect them properly," he said.
Unlike rail and mining-services companies, the coal-mining companies will at least be compensated
by surging coking coal prices as Asian steelmills chase alternative supplies. Deutsche Bank has
revised up its overall fiscal 2011 hard-coking and soft-coking coal prices by 22-25 percent, partially
reflecting the impact of the Queensland floods on global supply.
CBA calculates that 10,3-million tons of coking coal may have already been removed from seaborne
markets, with alternative supply from the United States and Canada replacing to only a "small
extent" the lost Australian production. The Appalachia region of the US is the world's second-
largest supplier of coking coals after Australia.
In the spot market, metallurgical coal prices may top the record highs of $300 a ton in 2008, when
heavy flooding last hit Australian collieries, according to Moody's.
The impact on thermal coal markets is less dramatic. CBA estimates 3,6-million tons -- less than 2%
of total Australian output last year -- will be lost. But the weather impact will be greater on
thermal coal exports than on mine production, with some thermal coal exports being diverted to
meet desperate demand for metallurgical coal.
Source: Reuters
WOOD MACKENZIE SEES COAL PRICE HIKES DUE TO AUSTRALIA FLOODING
Energy consultancy Wood Mackenzie said on Wednesday that it sees both thermal and coking coal
prices rising sharply in 2011 due to the impact of floods in coal-producing Australia.
Thermal coal prices could reach or exceed the high of $197 per ton free-on-board Newcastle seen in
2008, when flooding caused price spikes, according to Wood Mackenzie.
Hard coking coal spot prices could exceed $400 per ton, the firm said.
Australia accounts for almost two-thirds of global exports of coking or metallurgical coal, which is
used for steel making. It is also the second-biggest exporter behind Indonesia of thermal coal, used
for power generation.
Source: Reuters
AUSTRALIAN SHARES SURVIVE THE FLOOD
Severe flooding in Australia's resource-rich state of Queensland is taking a mounting human and
economic toll. Economists now say the floods—which have hit a critical coal-exporting and
agriculture region—could shave as much as three-quarters of a percentage point off the nation's
economic growth in the six months through March. It's a substantial hit to growth, given that
Australian gross domestic product was expected to grow only 3% this year.
The reaction in Australia's share market? So far this year the S&P/ASX 200 index is down less than
half a percent.
The broad figure, of course, belies pockets of selling. Companies facing a direct hit to their
business are suffering, but most of these are too small to move the broad benchmarks: Bank of
Queensland is down 7.6%, and Cockatoo Coal off 8.5%. Queensland's biggest bank and insurance
company, Suncorp Group, is down 3.7%.
Offsetting these declines are gains in shares of companies that will benefit, as coal prices rise
because of production shutdowns in Queensland, for example. Gloucester Coal is up 4.2% after
saying it is well placed to maintain high output. Elsewhere, the slipping Australian dollar is good
news for exporters, retailers, and the tourism sector that has suffered under the currency's
strength.
Read more…
Still, it isn't as if the flooding won't have an impact outside Queensland. It will lead to a jump in
food prices that could hold back consumer spending across Australia. Meanwhile, the government's
steadfast refusal to back off from a projected return to surplus in fiscal 2012 could limit rebuilding
efforts or mean will cut spending elsewhere.
There's another explanation. Investors entered 2010 feeling pretty nervous about the broad
economy—thanks to the European sovereign debt crisis, the potential for tighter monetary policy to

13. slow China's economy, and worry over house prices and rising interest rates at home.
The S&P/ASX 200 remains relatively unchanged since September 2009. It means the market is
inexpensive—trading at about 12 times expected earnings, well below its long-term average of 14.5
times.
Which leads to a different outlook: If this isn't going to move the market lower, it's hard to imagine
what will. Maybe Australia's resilience is a good signal that the worst case is already baked in.
Source: Wall Street Journal
IRON-ORE PRICES HIT EIGHT MONTH TOP
Shanghai rebar futures rose to two-month peaks on Monday, showing that iron-ore prices have room
to keep recent gains as firm Chinese demand lifted key indexes to their highest since May.
Chinese steel mills, the biggest buyers of the world's iron ore, have been replenishing stocks of the
steelmaking raw material ahead of the Lunar New Year in February, with stronger steel prices also
supporting the buying binge. "Steel prices are increasing because traders are boosting their stocks
of steel products and raw material costs, like coal, are rising," said an iron-ore trader in Rizhao in
China's eastern Shandong province.
Steelmakers across Asia have been raising product prices to meet a projected increase in coking
coal prices to around $300/t, the highest in two years, as supply from top exporter Australia had
been disrupted by massive floods. The most active May rebar contract on the Shanghai Futures
Exchange hit a high of 4 851 yuan a ton in morning trade, a level last seen on November 11.
Read more…
Firmer steel prices supported iron ore despite concerns that the coking coal shortage would impact
iron-ore demand. "The marginal buyers in the spot iron-ore market tend to be small Chinese mills,
which are not exposed to the Queensland situation for their coal supply and whose domestic coal
price has seen limited movement," Macquarie said in a note.
"With steel prices and production levels continuing to rise in China, these mills have capacity to pay
more for iron-ore in the short term, and thus there is a strong chance the spot price could continue
pushing upward until Chinese New Year."
Chinese iron-ore imports are expected to hit another record level this year after slipping 1,4% to
618,6-million tons in 2010. Indian ore with 63,5% iron content continued to be offered at $181/t to
$182/t, including freight, on Monday, traders said.
All the three major iron-ore indexes touched new eight-month highs at the close of trade on Friday.
Source: Reuters
GOLD SEEN AVERAGING $1,457/OZ IN 2011
The average gold price this year may be 19% higher than in 2010, according to experts surveyed by
the London Bullion Metals Association (LBMA). The average gold price forecast was $1 457/oz, the
LBMA said on Friday.
Analysts surveyed by the group predicted that silver prices will average $29,88/oz, which would
represent a 48% increase on the average price in 2010. The average platinum price in 2011 was
forecast to rise 12,6% from the average 2010 price, to $1 813/oz. ―And palladium shows no sign of
slowing down with an average 2011 price prediction of $814,65, a 54,8% increase on last year‘s
bumper average price,‖ the LBMA noted in a press release.
Looking back at last year's survey, the average gold price prediction of $1 199/oz, which was 23,4%
higher than the 2009 price, was just $26 lower than the actual average price of $1 225/oz. ―All
metals rose as predicted, although silver and palladium exceeded almost everyone‘s expectations,‖
the group said.
Source: Mining Weekly
MOST MINERS AGREE TO TAX HIKE IN COPPER GIANT CHILE
Most miners in Chile have agreed to pay higher taxes to fund post-earthquake reconstruction, but
investment is seen safe in the top world copper producer as prices for the red metal soar and new
projects remain scarce.
Mining Minister Laurence Golborne said on Wednesday nearly all of Chile's mining industry, which
initially criticized the plan, will adopt a new royalty scheme that will link tax payments to margins
and cash in on a copper bonanza. "With this confirmation we have more than 80 percent of miners
in terms of volume adopting the new tax system," Golborne said. "I expect that by Monday we will
have more than 90 percent of miners accepting the tax." The deadline to adopt the new royalty
expires on Monday, and follows similar attempts in Australia and Mongolia to reap the benefits of a
comeback in commodity prices.

14. The private mines that have adopted the royalty extract most of the copper out of Chile, which
produces a third of the world's mined copper. Continued investment will ensure steady supplies for
consumers from China to the United States and Brazil. The tax increase is seen as moderate and
unlikely to hit the investment plan of multinationals such as Xstrata, Anglo American and BHP
Billiton, industry experts said.
Read more…
"The impact of the royalty in mining investment will be marginal," said Juan Carlos Guajardo, head
of Santiago-based mining think tank CESCO. "The chances of developing projects in other parts of
the world are limited, which means most investment will go to traditional districts."
Simmering political risks elsewhere and a shortage of mega deposits will likely continue luring
exploration companies to Chile, which holds the world's biggest copper reserves.
COPPER BOOM
By far the world's No. 1 copper miner, Chile is enjoying economic and political stability after two
decades of democracy following a bloody, 17-year military dictatorship ended.
Copper, instrumental in Chile's economic success, has climbed to record highs amid views of an
acute supply shortage in 2011. Benchmark copper in London rose 2 percent on Wednesday on
expectations of strong demand.
The world's top copper miner, Chile's state-run Codelco, said on Wednesday that prices for the red
metal may average around $4/lb this year.
Mining companies in Chile currently pay a royalty of between 4 and 5 percent on operating profits.
The new scheme initially sets the royalty at 4 percent to 9 percent on a sliding scale, and raises this
to 5 to 14 percent starting in 2018. The percentage will depend on margins.
None of the miners will end up paying the maximum percentage in the scale, even with copper at
record high prices, legal and accounting experts say, meaning the increase will be relatively
moderate.
The royalty hike was a major political victory for center-right President Sebastian Pinera in his
quest to rebuild the South American country after a massive Feb. 27 quake.
The billionaire surprised investors by targeting miners, in a move that resonated strongly with many
Chileans who believe foreign companies should pay more from the copper spoils.
The Harvard-trained economist has favored higher taxes on miners since his college years, former
classmates said, which helps explain why he insisted on the new royalty scheme even after Congress
initially struck it down last year.
Source: Reuters
U.S. LOSES GROUND ON ECONOMIC FREEDOM TO ASIA
The world is resuming its trend toward more freedom, but the U.S. is losing economic vitality and
leadership to Asia.
Riots in Greece and France! An IMF bailout for Ireland! The Euro under threat! A new government in
London! Tea parties in America! Is it the end of capitalism? Many were predicting just that last
year.
The 2011 Index of Economic Freedom, released today by the Heritage Foundation and The Wall
Street Journal, tells a different story. The Index records countries' commitment to the free
enterprise/capitalist system by measuring 10 categories of economic freedom: fiscal soundness and
openness to trade and investment, government size, business and labor regulation, property rights,
corruption, monetary stability and financial competition.
The good news this year? One hundred and seventeen countries, mainly developing and emerging
market economies, improved their scores, and the average level of economic freedom around the
world improved by about a third of a point on the Index's 0 to 100 scale.
Economies that stuck to the principles of economic freedom are recovering more quickly from the
recession and financial crisis, and growing faster than countries whose governments tried to spend
their way out of trouble. There's an amazing 4.5 percentage point difference in average growth
rates between the big spenders and those governments that kept their budgets under control.
Read more…
Markets and electorates have proven wiser than the technocrats and bureaucrats who seem ready
to address every societal ill with a new regulation or spending program. Credit markets have
tightened, and the euro, though obviously flawed, has been an instrument of fiscal discipline for
some of Europe's welfare states. For two big spending governments, the U.K. and the U.S.,
electorates have stepped in and said "Enough," bringing about the fall of a Labour government and
giving control of the U.S. House of Representatives to the Republicans and their Tea Party
energizers.

15. Where once there seemed no end to the expansion of government and the welfare state, the lesson
now is that there are limits beyond which governments may not tread without severe economic or
political consequences. Austerity is the name of the game for governments whose promises have
outstripped their ability to pay. Sustainability, not the faddish environmental sustainability that has
dominated political circles for almost two decades, but rather the true sustainability of economic
growth and job creation, is back in style.
For the U.S. and the U.K., the Index of Economic Freedom confirms what those countries' voters
already knew, that there is an urgent need for real change. The U.S. dropped to 9th place in the
2011 Index, with its lowest economic freedom score in a decade, and the UK fell all the way to 16th
place.
Those who fear we are losing economic vitality and leadership to Asia have cause for concern. Hong
Kong, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand dominate the top of the economic freedom rankings.
Economic growth rates in those countries averaged 6.8 percent in 2010. Mongolia ranked in 94th
place of the 179 countries ranked.
On the diplomatic front, U.S. economic leadership is being seriously challenged for the first time
since World War II. U.S. pleas for more government spending and tighter market regulation have
fallen on deaf ears at recent meetings of the G-20. And many countries around the world,
particularly those whose economies have emerged from the deprivations of communism, show no
desire to return to the government domination of the past.
The 2011 Index tells the tale: After two years of doubts and side-steps, economic freedom is again
on the rise around the world. That's especially good news for the poor. Countries gaining economic
freedom have done a much better job over the last decade in eliminating poverty. They've been
more efficient at protecting the environment, better at improving health, and better even, as a
new Index study demonstrates, in enhancing life satisfaction and overall happiness. That's a slam
dunk for economic freedom.
Politicians around the world are getting the message, or they are being replaced. The proven path
to prosperity is the path of freedom. Individuals want control of their own lives. They want
governments that facilitate, not czars that coerce or command. Fortunately, the process of
reclaiming economic freedom has already begun. Our economic recovery depends on its rapid
success.

16. Source: Wall Street Journal
DEVELOPING NATIONS FIGHT INFLATION
Price Jumps, Especially on Food, Threaten Growth Engines; A Contrast With West:
Inflation is spreading across the world's largest emerging nations, leaving a noisy rattle in what have
been the engines of global growth in recent years.
Central banks in Brazil, Russia, India and China, the fast-growing so-called BRIC nations now
responsible for nearly a fifth of global economic activity, have all raised interest rates in recent
weeks, and are testing more exotic measures to stanch rising prices, especially for food: India and
Russia banned exports of onions and wheat, respectively, while China has promised price controls
on items such as cooking oil.
Brazil said Friday that its 2010 inflation rate had risen to 5.9%, its fastest rate in six years, raising

17. the chances the nation will push its already sky-high interest rates even higher, potentially
hampering growth. To be sure, Brazil's single-digit inflation rate is a universe away from the
hyperinflation it suffered in the early 1990s. And some analysts say fears of an emerging-market
inflation spiral are overstated, with current inflation rates still below where they were when prices
peaked before the financial crisis in 2008.
Still, the inflation trend is creating tricky policy headaches for officials from Beijing to New Delhi,
including fears that rising food prices in these mostly poor nations may jeopardize social stability.
"Inflation is one of the major risks for this year," says Nicholas Kwan, economist for Standard
Chartered in Hong Kong.
Read more…
The accelerating price gains in the developing world contrast sharply with low inflation rates in
Europe and the U.S. and persistent price declines in Japan. The divergence is partly a byproduct of
the stronger economic recoveries achieved by emerging nations compared with sluggish growth in
the West. Such diverging economic fortunes are complicating inflation-fighting efforts in the
developing world, economists say.
Leaders in Brazil and other countries complain that the U.S. Federal Reserve's decision to pump
$600 billion into the economy promotes commodity inflation and asset bubbles by weakening the
dollar. U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said Friday the stimulus measure wasn't adding
to inflation.
"We are arriving at a juncture where policy requirements in emerging economies will be
overwhelmed by advanced-economy policies," said Cornell University economist Eswar Shanker
Prasad a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.
Brazil illustrates the case. The South American giant has set some of the world's highest interest
rates in order to keep a lid on inflation as economic growth nears 7% and amid rising government
spending to lift the poor. The 10.75% rate has attracted a flood of speculative investment from the
U.S. and Japan, where monetary policy is loose in order to spur growth.
As a result, the Brazilian real has soared more than 35% since 2009 against the U.S. dollar, making
exports less competitive and making domestic manufacturers vulnerable to less expensive imports.
To avoid raising rates further, Brazil is trying other measures such as restricting credit by raising
bank reserve requirements. The issue is a major test for the brand-new government of Dilma
Rousseff. Though Ms. Rousseff campaigned on expanded welfare spending, she is now
contemplating politically risky spending restraints to shrink deficits and cool the economy.
In developing countries, price rises, especially for food, can have a big impact. Because incomes
are lower than in the developed world, food and energy make up substantial part of household
spending—and most emerging-market inflation measures. Food prices globally hit an all-time high in
December, according to a United Nations index.
And there are signs that the increase in food prices is not abating as some had expected, and that
price increases are creeping into the broader part of some economies. China's 5.1% consumer-price
inflation rate in November was driven mostly by food prices, which rose 11.7%. But the so-called
core inflation rate, which excludes energy and food, rose as well, up 1.9% from a year earlier
China has introduced a raft of measures to tamp prices, including two interest-rate increases, a
slightly stronger currency, tighter bank lending, price controls, and efforts to clamp down on illegal
speculation in food. Chinese officials have signaled they will continue to tighten to tame inflation.
Kong Ong, Hong Kong owner of Headquarters Industrial Ltd., which makes more than a million hats
a year on the mainland for export to the U.S. and Germany, says rising prices material prices and
wages are concerns. Cotton, which is 30-40% of his costs, hit record highs last year. Prevailing
wages have risen and he expects them to go up again this year. And living costs are keeping migrant
workers closer to home.
"When the inflation rate is too high, workers don't want to come to the big cities because the big
cities the living cost is too high," he says. In India, where high food prices drove inflation for much
of 2010, expectations had been that a solid harvest for rice and other staples would ease the
pressure. But the latest government data show the food situation hasn't been resolved and food-
price inflation has jumped in India of late, reaching 18% in the week ended Dec. 25, according to
figures released this week. Economists say the Reserve Bank of India, after raising interest rates six
times in 2010, will almost certainly tighten again when it meets Jan. 25 for a regular policy
meeting.
India's economy is expected to grow by 8.75% in the year ending March 31, according to an
International Monetary Fund report issued Thursday. But inflation is threatening to undermine the
economic gains for hundreds of millions of poor and less well-off Indians.The government has
scrambled to take measures to alleviate the food-price increases, for instance banning the export

18. of onions.
What's more, officials across emerging markets are concerned that price increases may erode the
hard-won credibility of central banks and lead to increased inflation expectations among locals.
Amrith Mathur, a 36-year-old software engineer buying vegetables at a wholesale market in New
Delhi Friday morning, says the price rises have virtually canceled out salary increases. "I got a
paltry increment of 5% in salary after a gap of two years this year, but thanks to the prices of
essential commodities which have skyrocketed, the rise is as good as nil," he said. "How can the
government achieve their tall growth target of 9%-10% if the people's spending power is getting
lesser and lesser by the day," he said.
In Russia, summer droughts sent wheat prices skyrocketing and undermined the government's goal
of keeping inflation in the 6%-7% range in 2010. Russia reported this week that consumer prices rose
a faster-than-expected 1% in December from November and 8.7% over the past year, raising
expectations for interest-rate increases in the coming months.
Other large emerging economies also have seen prices rise faster than expected in recent months.
Peru surprised with a rate increase this week, and Mexico reported faster-than-expected inflation
of 4.4%. Thailand is expected to raise interest rates next week. South Korea has also said it will
unveil a package of policies to tackle rising prices next week.
Indonesia's consumer-inflation rate hit 7% in December, a 20-month high and the fourth time in six
months prices outpaced the central bank's 4%-6% target. The central bank has yet to raise interest
rates since the recovery began in 2009, figuring higher rates will have little effect on food prices.
Source: Wall Street Journal
RISING CHINESE INFLATION THREATENS HIGHER CONSUMER PRICES
As China‘s booming economy has made its citizens more prosperous, prices for many items, from
food to clothing to new cars, have been rising. When garment buyers from New York show up next
month at China‘s annual trade shows to bargain over next autumn‘s fashions, many will face sticker
shock.
Though many Chinese are earning higher salaries, the government has become worried that rising
inflation could lead to social unrest. ―They‘re going to go home with 35 percent less product than
for the same dollars as last year,‖ particularly for fur coats and cotton sportswear, said Bennett
Model, chief executive of Cassin, a Manhattan-based line of designer clothing. ―The consumer will
definitely see the price rise.‖
Inflation has arrived in China. And after Tuesday‘s release of crucial financial statistics by China‘s
central bank, few economists expect Beijing officials to be able to tame rising prices any time soon.
While American importers of Chinese goods will feel the squeeze, the effect on American
consumers may be more subtle and the overall impact on United States inflation may be minimal.
Read more…
There are simply too many other markups along the way — from transportation to salesclerks‘
wages — that affect the American retail prices of Chinese-made products. Excluding those markups,
imports from China are equal to little more than 2 percent of the overall American economy.
The bigger consumer impact is in China itself. As China‘s booming economy enables more of its own
citizens to buy the goods pouring out of its factories, Chinese consumers are feeling inflation
directly. And Beijing is increasingly worried about the social unrest that could result.
In China, consumer prices were 5.1 percent higher in November than a year earlier, according to
official government data. And many economists say the official figures actually understate the rate
of inflation, which might in reality be twice as high.
―Four percent, China can bear it — beyond 5 percent, people will complain a lot,‖ said Huo
Jianguo, president of the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation here.
Higher global commodity prices, as well as rising wages in China, play roles in the increasing cost of
Chinese goods. But economists say the main reason for the inflation now is China‘s foreign exchange
reserves, which surged by a record amount in the fourth quarter.
The central bank has been pumping out currency at an ever-accelerating pace over the past decade
to limit the renminbi‘s appreciation against the dollar. That strategy has helped preserve a
competitive advantage of Chinese exporters by keeping their prices relatively low on global markets
— while also protecting the jobs of tens of millions of Chinese workers in export factories.
Now, though, that cheap currency policy seems to be reaching its limits. The extra renminbi are
feeding inflation. That is starting to undermine exporters‘ price competitiveness — just as a
stronger renminbi would do if Beijing was not intervening to begin with.
Money supply figures for December, which the central bank released on Tuesday, showed that cash
and bank deposits were increasing at a rate twice as fast as even China‘s soaring economy. Ever

19. more renminbi are available to buy goods and services.
Victor Fung, the group chairman of Li & Fung in Hong Kong, a 35,000-employee trading company
that supplies most of the world‘s big retailers with Asian goods, said that contracts signed late last
year would produce a jump of 10 to 20 percent in the import prices of consumer goods arriving at
American ports by the second quarter of this year.
―By the middle of this year, you‘ll see considerable diversion of trade away from China,‖ which will
start to bring down the United States trade deficit with China, Mr. Fung said in an interview.
But there are only limited alternatives to China as a supplier of cheap goods. As American retail
chains scramble to shift orders to other countries like Bangladesh and the Philippines, they are
finding that inflation is emerging as an issue across much of Asia.
What is more, the far smaller factories in other Asian countries have little capacity to absorb the
huge orders that Chinese factories routinely handle, corporate executives and economists said.
In China, there is little question that the consumer price index understates the true extent of
inflation.
A holdover from the days of central planning, the Chinese consumer price index includes apartment
rents but excludes soaring costs for owner-occupied housing. And it is based heavily on the prices of
an outdated list of consumer products that are no longer popular. Garments qualify for inclusion
only once they have been on sale continuously for at least six months, for example, which
frequently means that they are no longer in style.
Hu Xingdou, an economist at the Beijing Institute of Technology, said that a more accurate gauge of
inflation would show consumer prices rising 10 percent a year. The National Bureau of Statistics has
said it is actively studying ways to improve the consumer price index.
Inflation in China is not just the result of China‘s currency market intervention, although Mr. Hu
and other economists describe it as the biggest single cause. Another cause is aggressive lending by
Chinese banks, despite repeated demands by regulators to slow things down.
Rising prices for exports are also caused by wage increases for Chinese blue-collar workers, whose
pay has been climbing as much as 15 percent a year. Those workers have more clout than they once
did because the supply of factory labor from rural areas, which once seemed inexhaustible, is
starting to dry up — a result of three decades of China‘s ―one child‖ policy of family planning, as
well as a big expansion in university enrollment.
And globally, strong demand from consumers in China and other emerging economies is pushing up
not only gasoline prices, but also the prices of cashmere, rabbit fur, cotton, copper and many other
commodities.
Candy Chen, the sales manager of the Zhenjiang Weishun Toys Company in Zhenjiang, China, said
that the cost of plastic stuffing for the company‘s toy animals had nearly doubled in the past year,
while wages were up 10 to 15 percent.
The effect of higher prices in China on broad measures of American inflation is far from clear. The
rule of thumb for many consumer products, from shoes to garments to toys, is that the import price
is only a quarter to two-fifths of the final retail price, which also includes transportation within the
United States and the wages, rent, electricity bills and other costs incurred by stores.
After showing little change for nearly two years, import prices for goods arriving from China at
American docks rose from September to November at a rate equivalent to an annual rise of 3.6
percent.
In another indicator that the Chinese central bank released Tuesday, China‘s foreign reserves
leaped by $199 billion in the fourth quarter. The increase was much larger than economists had
expected, and they suggested that China had roughly doubled its intervention in currency markets
to around $2 billion a day.
China‘s reserves, at $2.85 trillion, dwarf those of the world‘s second-largest holder, Japan, with
$1.04 trillion. The United States, by contrast, holds only $46.4 billion of foreign reserves because it
prints dollars, the main reserve currency.
Mr. Model of Cassin, who is visiting Beijing this week from his company headquarters just off
Seventh Avenue, said that the world had changed and that Chinese manufacturers were now more
interested in catering to their domestic market than in offering rock-bottom prices to big American
companies.
―All of a sudden, they‘re more interested in selling domestically,‖ he said. ―The American
wholesaler will fight them on $5. The domestic retailer doesn‘t care as much.‖
Source: New York Times
CHINESE FOREIGN CURRENCY RESERVES SWELL BY RECORD AMOUNT
China‘s foreign exchange reserves surged in the fourth quarter by a record amount while the money

20. circulating within the Chinese economy also climbed more than expected in December, according to
government statistics released Tuesday that underline the country‘s worsening inflation dilemma.
The Chinese government has been printing renminbi at a furious pace in order to buy foreign
currencies like the dollar and the euro, which are pouring into the country through trade surpluses
and foreign investment. The People‘s Bank of China, the country‘s central bank, has been doing so
in an effort to hold down the value of the renminbi and preserve a competitive advantage in foreign
markets for exporters in China and the tens of millions of workers they employ.
The additional renminbi issued to pay for rising foreign exchange reserves will make China‘s
inflation problem even worse, said Diana Choyleva, an economist in Hong Kong for Lombard Street
Research. The extra renminbi come as the Chinese central bank has been grappling with the
additional money that it pumped into the Chinese banking system in 2009 and early 2010 to keep
the economy growing through the global financial crisis.
―Considering that they engineered the most dramatic monetary expansion in their own history and
in the world‘s since World War II, there was a large monetary overhang‖ even before the recent
currency market intervention, Ms. Choyleva said.
Read more…
The sharp increase in foreign reserves in the last quarter and the inflation that they threaten to
cause in the Chinese economy may embolden American officials to press harder for China to loosen
its hold on the renminbi. President Hu Jintao of China is scheduled to visit the United States next
week, and Washington officials have already said that currency issues will be on the agenda.
Chinese officials are likely to respond, however, by pointing to data released on Monday that
showed that the trade surplus narrowed slightly in 2010 compared to 2009, and fell particularly in
December.
An analysis of the data by Standard Chartered said that trade and government-approved foreign
investments into China accounted for less than half of the increase in foreign reserves in the fourth
quarter; investors around the world have also been putting money into Chinese real estate, bank
accounts and other investments despite efforts by the Chinese government to discourage these
capital inflows.
The Chinese foreign reserves leaped by $199 billion in the fourth quarter, to $2.85 trillion. The
increase was much larger than economists expected, and the numbers suggested that China had
about doubled its intervention in currency markets to about $2 billion a day.
Foreign reserves had risen by $194 billion in the third quarter, but economists had estimated that
about half of that increase had come from interest payments and an appreciation of the value of
the euro. China holds an estimated $700 billion in euro-denominated assets that go up and down in
dollar terms as the value of the euro fluctuates.
The value of the euro has declined 2.1 percent against the dollar. So the sharp increase in overall
value of the foreign reserves in the fourth quarter took place even as the value of China‘s euro-
denominated bonds and other assets was shrinking, economists said.
The People‘s Bank of China also said Tuesday that the country‘s broadly measured money supply,
known as M2, was 19.7 percent higher in December than a year earlier.
Economists had been expecting an increase of 19 percent.
Broad measures of money supply reflect not just the extra renminbi put into the financial system by
the central bank but also the pace at which banks are lending that money. Banking regulators have
repeatedly ordered banks to slow their lending, with limited effect.
―Apparently, their jawboning to the banks is not working as effectively as they‘ve wanted,‖ said
William Belchere, the chief global economist at Mirae Asset, a big South Korean financial firm.
In an attempt to restrict lending, the People‘s Bank of China raised six times last year the share of
bank assets that banks must keep on deposit at the central bank. But banks have partly evaded
those controls by moving loans and other assets off their balance sheets through securitization
transactions.
Consumer prices rose 5.1 percent higher in November than a year earlier, according to government
data. But many Chinese economists say that the consumer price index understates the true extent
of inflation, because it excludes soaring costs for owner-occupied housing and is based heavily on
the prices of an outdated list of consumer products that are no longer popular.
The National Bureau of Statistics has said that it is actively studying ways to improve the consumer
price index. A bureau official said last week that inflation figures for December would be released
on Jan. 20 or 21.
Source: New York Times

21. NEW MOVE TO MAKE YUAN A GLOBAL CURRENCY
China has launched trading in its currency in the U.S. for the first time, an explicit endorsement by
Beijing of the fast-growing market in the yuan and a significant step in the country's plan to foster
global trading in its currency.
The state-controlled Bank of China Ltd. is allowing customers to trade the yuan, also known as the
renminbi, in the U.S., expanding the nascent offshore market for the currency which began last
year in Hong Kong. China starts trading the yuan in the U.S., and a low-cost Indian carrier orders
180 jetliners from Airbus in a $15.6 billion deal. WSJ's Andrew LaVallee speaks to Heard on the
Street Asia Editor Mohammed Hadi about these stories.
The decision is the latest move by China to allow the yuan, whose value is still tightly controlled by
the government, to become an international currency that can be used for trade and investment.
"We're preparing for the day when renminbi becomes fully convertible," Li Xiaojing, general
manager of Bank of China's New York branch, told The Wall Street Journal. He said the bank's goal
is to become "the renminbi clearing center in America."
Until the middle of last year, the buying and selling of yuan had largely been confined to mainland
China by the country's strict capital controls. But in July, it opened the currency to trading in Hong
Kong. Daily trading has since ballooned from zero to $400 million.
Read more…
Bank of China's move comes at a time of U.S. pressure on China to let its currency rise in value.
America has blamed an unfairly valued yuan for exacerbating the U.S. trade deficit with China. But
the preparations for convertibility are also a sign of Chinese strength, as China, now the world's
second-largest national economy, recognizes that as a global power it must have a global currency.
In time, a globally traded yuan could emerge as a store of value on par with the dollar, euro and
yen.
The decision comes ahead of next week's visit to Washington by Chinese President Hu Jintao, when
China's exchange-rate policies are expected to once again be in the spotlight.
While businesses and individuals in the U.S. can already trade yuan through Western banks such as
HSBC Holdings PLC, the move by a Chinese-owned bank marks a stamp of approval by China on the
expansion in yuan trading. Bank of China, which is 70%-owned by the government, now allows
companies and individuals to buy and sell the Chinese currency through accounts with its U.S.
branches.
Bank of China limits the amount of yuan that can be converted by a U.S.-based individual customer
to up to $4,000 a day. The restriction is designed to fend off speculation in the currency, bank
officials say. But there is no limit, at least for now, on the amount that can be converted by
businesses, so long as they are engaged in international trading. The bank has no restrictions on the
ability by U.S.-based customers to convert the yuan back into dollars.
The loosening of restrictions on trading yuan started in Hong Kong, a former British colony under
Chinese sovereignty but with its own legal and financial systems. Anyone with a Hong Kong yuan
account is now able to trade the currency. Bank of China's move could further open up the currency
to trading and attract Chinese companies with offices in the U.S.
Going Global
Bank of China's move to open trading of the yuan in the U.S. underscores Beijing's growing openness
to currency liberalization.
"This is making yuan more accessible to individuals and corporations," says Robert Sinche, global
head of foreign-exchange strategy at RBS Securities in Stamford, Conn. "But China has a long way to
go before it has a fully convertible currency, and this is an inching step forward."
Chinese regulators last month increased the number of exporters that can use the yuan to settle
international transactions from a few hundred to nearly 70,000. Some analysts have predicted that
it will be only a few years before 20% to 30% of China's $2.3 trillion in imports could be conducted
in yuan rather than dollars. Today, less than 1% is done in yuan, according to London's Standard
Chartered Bank. While offshore yuan trading has grown rapidly, it's still a fraction of the $4 trillion
daily trading in currency markets world-wide and pales next to trading in the dollar, yen, euro and
other currencies.
Some skeptics say growth could be curtailed by new regulations announced by the Hong Kong
Monetary Authority last month, which puts restrictions on banks' ability to offer yuan-related
products in Hong Kong. Analysts say the regulations reflect China's interest in keeping speculators
from betting on the yuan's movement and potentially causing disruptions to its economy.
What Beijing is interested in, analysts say, is measured growth in yuan trading. Some experts
caution that China could still back track. Nevertheless, some industry observers have called yuan
trading outside mainland China a game-changer, as it is one step in allowing the yuan to ultimately

22. float freely. For now, the offshore market acts as a parallel market and doesn't affect the official
rate for the yuan set by Beijing.
Bank of China officials say the bank will take into account both the onshore and the offshore yuan
trading when setting the exchange rate of the currency for its customers in the U.S.. To trade yuan
in the U.S. through Bank of China, a corporation or individual would need to open a yuan account
with one of the bank's branches in New York or Los Angeles.
An obstacle to the growth of the business, at least for now, is a lack of demand for the currency
among American businesses, which by and large still use the dollar to settle cross-border
transactions. McDonald's Corp. and Caterpillar Inc. recently became the first U.S. non-financial
companies to sell debt priced in yuan in Hong Kong.
Potential users of the yuan could be attracted to what some might see as a sure bet, since China
has said it will continue to allow its currency to appreciate. However, there's still risk given the
uncertainty over the pace of appreciation of the currency. Also, banks tend to charge relatively
high service fees on yuan accounts.
Mr. Li said the yuan business is "one of the top priorities" for Bank of China's U.S. operations. "We
see bright future for the business," he said. The bank's Hong Kong subsidiary has been the sole
clearing bank of renminbi banking business in Hong Kong for the past seven years.
The yuan strengthened 3.3% against the dollar last year, as Beijing loosened its peg to the dollar
during the summer amid increasing pressures from the U.S. and other trading partners to let its
currency appreciate. The yuan's gains stalled after the Group of 20 meeting of the world major
economies in November but have resumed as President Hu's visit to the U.S. approaches.
Source: Wall Street Journal
RAISING THE RED FLAG ON RED CAPITALISM
Scratch the surface and China's economic model is less impressive than it looks.
The conventional wisdom, propagated by senior businessmen, pundits and policy makers, holds that
the 21st century is China's for the taking. The wise leaders in Beijing, we're led to believe, sailed
through the financial crisis with deft management. They benefit from a long-term view that eludes
their American and European counterparts. Growth is steaming along at nearly 10% and the global
slowdown barely registered. The counterpoint, sometimes implicit and sometimes explicit, is that
China's rise comes at the cost of America's decline.
So pervasive has this view become that any effort to examine whether it's actually true comes as a
breath of fresh air. "Red Capitalism" is such a work. Authors Carl E. Walter and Fraser J.T. Howie,
both investment bankers, argue that China isn't so different from other economies nor so immune
from normal economic laws as cheerleaders argue. An examination of the financial system—or "how
China's political elite manages money and the country's economy," as the authors put it—offers a
useful lens through which to view much broader issues.
A striking observation is that foreigners (and perhaps Chinese policy makers too) have become so
entranced by the large amounts of money flowing through the economy that they often forget to
follow it. Noting only that China has produced six of the world's 15 largest initial public offerings
since 2007 might create the impression that the country is developing a capitalistic financial market
capable of intermediating its vast savings into a productive corporate sector. Last year, IPOs by
Chinese companies reached $105 billion, 37% of global IPO volume.
What gets forgotten is just how "public" these offerings are—for IPOs within China, the majority of
the investment capital comes from other state-owned companies rather than the private sector.
And in an environment where regulators carefully manage the supply of new shares coming to
market, it helps to be a state-owned company if you want to secure permission to list. Hence the
stock market that's presented as evidence of China's capitalist transformation is in reality a merry-
go-round for circulating money from one state-owned enterprise to another.
Read more…
The authors return again and again to the notion that while Beijing has embraced the form of
market-based reform, the substance remains elusive. This has many implications. One relates to
who's in charge of the Chinese economy. If reforms truly were leading to a more market-based
system, one would expect a growing market for corporate control resulting from a wider dispersal
of ownership. China would be witnessing more contested board elections, hostile takeover attempts
and the like. This has not happened. Instead, the management of listed companies continues to be
selected based on political criteria by China's Communist Party. Minority shareholders get no say,
merely a ticket to ride.
Then there's that other crucial ingredient of a modern economy (recent financial crisis
notwithstanding), the debt market. "Like highways, new airport terminals or CCTV's ultra-modern

23. office building in Beijing, it exists because the Party believes bond markets are a necessary symbol
of economic modernity," Messrs. Walter and Howie write.
Yet dig a little deeper and it becomes clear that this market is not allowed to perform its
traditional role of pricing risk to facilitate the efficient flow of capital. It would be almost heretical
for Chinese banks to ascribe riskiness to other state firms' debt, so the bond market simply doesn't
attempt to price risk.
All well and good, but then again Beijing's current claim is that it is not trying to be like the
Western capitalists—who it says failed so miserably to avert the financial crisis. Is it possible that
Beijing's model, whatever its precise nature, will work?
It has certainly been profitable, up to a point, for foreigners. Chinese IPOs have no trouble
attracting foreign investors keen to bet on the country's growth story. And Western banks, such as
those that employ Messrs. Walter and Howie, have made millions upon millions of dollars piecing
together bits of Chinese ministries into "corporations" to list.
Yet longer-term viability is another matter. China is not "a market economy, but a carefully
balanced social mechanism built around the particular interests of the revolutionary families who
constitute the political elite," the authors conclude. They liken the economy to a "family-run
business," both figuratively, given its insularity, and literally, given the role of well-connected
scions. As with any family business, that can be a blessing—if the "patriarch" is an expert in the
field—or a curse—if an uninterested or unintelligent heir takes over. And the switch from one mode
to the other can happen very suddenly.
How well the current ruling "family" understands the business is an open question, but there are
signs it may not. "It appears the Party mistakenly believes its own advertising about its banks being
rich and strong," Messrs. Walter and Howie write. "The absence of a strong leader is a weakness
that allows the special interest groups to take advantage." The signs are all around us, and
especially in Beijing's recent propensity for arrogance on the world economic stage.
That could be a ruinous mistake. The authors fret over unacknowledged bad loans piling up within
the system (which implies leaders have been rampantly misallocating capital), and they estimate
total public debt of about 76% of GDP, a very high figure for a developing country. With a rapidly
aging population (more than 200 million people will be over the age of 65 by 2020) and weak social
safety net, China can ill afford a banking crisis any time in the next decade. If and when one
comes, Beijing could rue the many days when it resisted creating a more resilient, genuinely
capitalist market.
Messrs. Walter and Howie will do little to dissuade the vast majority of foreign businessmen who
are bullish on China. Nor are they likely to awaken its financial stewards to take action on the
brewing problems below the surface. Perhaps China's cheerleaders are correct that China really is
different. But after reading "Red Capitalism," and given the long, failed history of other claims to
economic exceptionalism, is that a prudent bet to make?
Source: Wall Street Journal
POLITICS
MEDVEDEV SIGNS INTO LAW JOINT URANIUM MINING COMPANY WITH MONGOLIA
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has signed into law the Federal bill "On the Ratification of the
Agreement between the Governments of the Russian Federation and Mongolia on the Founding of a
Joint (uranium mining) Limited-Liability Company 'Dornod-Uranium'," the Kremlin press service
announced.
The Bill was passed by the State Duma lower house of parliament on December 22 and approved by
the Federation Council upper house of parliament on December 24, 2010.
The Agreement was drawn up by the Rosatom state corporation for the purposes of maximum
protection of the rights and interests of Russia in the sphere of prospecting for and mining of
uranium in Mongolia's territory. The Agreement provides for the founding of a joint limited-liability
company for the mining of uranium and other associate economic minerals.
Provision is made for the main areas of the prospective company's activities as prospecting for and
mining of uranium ores, transportation, the processing and enrichment of the mined minerals, the
marketing of the end product, the establishment and operation of uranium production and
processing plants and other infrastructure facilities on Mongolia's territory, the attraction of
investments to finance joint activities in Mongolian territory, the conduct of recultivation work, and
the ensurance of nuclear, radiological, and environmental safety.
The Atomredmetzoloto public joint-stock company will act as the founder of the Joint Company on
the Russian side. Rosatom will act as a competent Mongolian agency.