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A2 Micro
Co-operation in Markets
Tutor2u, Summer 2013
Co-operation in Markets
Joint
Ventures
Industry
Standards
Open Source
Movement
Co-
operatives
NETWORK SHARING
Vodafone
and
Telefonica
FUEL CELL RESEARCH
Toyota
and BMW AIRLINES
Star
Alliance
Joint Ventures – a huge
rise in these business
agreements – an
alternative to
merger/takeover
Business / Industry Co-operation
Gains from Co-operation
Lower
Unit
Costs
Dynamic
Efficiency
Fall in
Poverty
Social
Welfare
Gains
Ethical
Business
Co-operation is
not the same
as collusion
Gains from Co-operation
Lower
Unit
Costs
Dynamic
Efficiency
Fall in
Poverty
Social
Welfare
Gains
Ethical
Business
Co-operation is
not the same
as collusion
Gains from Co-operation
Lower
Unit
Costs
Dynamic
Efficiency
Fall in
Poverty
Social
Welfare
Gains
Ethical
Business
Co-operation is
not the same
as collusion
Gains from Co-operation
Lower
Unit
Costs
Dynamic
Efficiency
Fall in
Poverty
Social
Welfare
Gains
Ethical
Business
Co-operation is
not the same
as collusion
Gains from Co-operation
Lower
Unit
Costs
Dynamic
Efficiency
Fall in
Poverty
Social
Welfare
Gains
Ethical
Business
Co-operation is
not the same
as collusion
Gains from Co-operation
Lower
Unit
Costs
Dynamic
Efficiency
Fall in
Poverty
Social
Welfare
Gains
Ethical
Business
Co-operation is
not the same
as collusion
The rise of the
collaborative
economy
Trust
• 1/ Mutual affection (the implicit understand that
comes from loving relationships)
• 2/ Pro-social disposition (I might feel bad about letting
someone else down, our incentives to be honest)
• 3/ Mutual reinforcement (e.g. punishments for broken
promises, withholding future cooperation)
• 4/ Reputation (reputations can be built or undermined
when transactions are repeated on many occasions,
brand values)
• 5/ External enforcement (an impersonal approach to
changing behaviour, verification, witness statements,
the rule of law, legal institutions and enquiries)
Get help from fellow
students, teachers and
tutor2u on Twitter:
@tutor2u_econ

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Cooperation Between Businesses