(ﾉ◕ヮ◕)ﾉ*:・ﾟ✧ Alan Turing

1. (ﾉ◕ヮ◕)ﾉ*:・ﾟ✧Alan
Turing
Alan Mathison Turing was a British mathematician, logician,
cryptanalyst, philosopher, pioneering computer scientist,
mathematical biologist, and marathon and ultra distance runner.
The historian and wartime codebreaker Asa Briggs has said, "You
needed exceptional talent, you needed genius at Bletchley and
Turing's was that genius."

2.  He was highly influential in the development of computer science,
providing a formalisation of the concepts of "algorithm" and
"computation" with the Turing machine, which can be considered a
model of a general purpose computer. Turing is widely considered to
be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial
intelligence.
 During World War II, Turing worked for the Government Code and
Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking
centre.
 He was arrested for homosexuality and underwent a chemical
treatment.

3.  Turing was in charge of Hut 8, a section at Bletchley Park (the
British World War II codebreaking station) tasked with solving
encoded German naval messages. He devised a range of code-breaking
tools for cracking German ciphers, including an
electromagnetic device called the Bombe, which countered the
infamous German Enigma machine. The Enigma machine was
developed in Germany shortly after World War I to encode and
decode messages, and for the next 20 years the German military
refined the technology until it became the Nazis’ primary means of
ciphering messages during WWII. Enigma technology was
continuously altered throughout the war, making the challenge of
breaking German ciphers extremely difficult.

4.  After the War, Turing went on to invent and improve technologies that sparked a
technological revolution he would never see. Not only did he develop two of the
first modern computers, but he also pioneered what we know today as artificial
intelligence. His 1950 paper , Computing Machinery and Intelligence, is
considered the first cogent attempt at describing in detail how computers could
one day “think”. It’s no exaggeration to say that nearly all future developments
in the field paid deference to his groundbreaking thesis.
 A police investigation turned up evidence that Turing was having a homosexual
relationship with a 19 year old man. Homosexuality was still illegal in Britain, and
Turing was arrested under the same law that was used to convict Oscar Wilde in
1895. Turing was given the choice of spending a year in prison, or allowing himself
to be treated with an experimental hormone to “fix” his sexual orientation —
essentially a form of chemical castration. Fearing further damage to his
reputation, Turing underwent the treatment.