A pen drive is a small portable USB flash memory storage device that allows easy transfer of audio, video and data files between computers. It gets its name from having a retractable USB connector like a ballpoint pen. To use it, the user simply inserts one end into a computer's USB port and can then drag and drop or copy and paste files onto the pen drive.

1. PEN-DRIVE
Small enough to hook on a key chain, a USB
pen drive looks like a small disk drive. It
also allows data to be transferred easily
from one gadget to a different one. The
actual way it works is very simple.
Additionally, it works extremely fast. As it
is a comparatively more recent gadget,
manufactures tend to be launching it along
with added abilities and higher storage
capacity.
A pen drive is a portable Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash memory device for storing
and transferring audio, video, and data files from a computer. As long as the desktop
or laptop has a USB port, and the pen drive is compatible with the operating system,
it should be easy to move the data from the hard drive to the device — and to another
computer — in a matter of minutes. The drive gets its name from the fact that many
have a retractable port connector like a ballpoint pen, and they are small enough to
fit into a pocket. Other names include flashdrive, jump drive, and thumb drive.
How to Use It
Using a pen drive is simple: the user inserts one end of the drive, which is equipped
with a USB connector, into the USB port on a desktop or laptop and activates it. Once
the drive is active, files can be dragged and dropped or copied and pasted into the
memory. The process is usually no more difficult than attaching files to an email or
copying files onto a disk, mp3player, or other storage device.
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HARD DISK DRIVE
Alternatively referred to as a hard
disk drive and abbreviated
as HD or HDD, the hard drive is
thecomputer's main storage media
device that permanently stores all
data on the computer. The hard drive
was first introduced on September
13, 1956 and consists of one or more
hard drive plattersinside of air sealed casing. Most computer hard drives are in
an internal drive bay at the front of the computer and connect to
the motherboard using either ATA, SCSI, or a SATA cable and power cable. Below, is
an illustration of what the inside of a hard drive looks like for a desktop
and laptop hard drive.

2. MULTI MEDIA CARD
A MultiMediaCard (MMC) is a tiny memory
card that uses flash memory to make storage
portable among various devices, such as car
navigation systems, cellular
phones, eBooks,PDAs, smartphones, and
digital cameras, music players, and
video camcorders, and personal computers.
MMC was jointly developed by SanDisk and
Siemens AG/Infineon Technologies AG, who
introduced the product in 1997. About the
size of a postage stamp, MMC weighs
approximately two grams. This is similar to
the Secure Digital (SD card), and smaller
than older memory card formats, such as
the SmartMedia card and CompactFlash (CF
card). By October 2002, the MultiMediaCard offered a range of storage capacities up
to 128 MB.
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CD-ROM
CD-ROM (Compact Disc, read-only-memory) is an
adaptation of the CD that is designed to store
computer data in the form of text and graphics, as well
as hi-fi stereo sound. The original data format
standard was defined by Philips and Sony in the 1983
Yellow Book. Other standards are used in conjunction
with it to define directory and file structures,
including ISO 9660, HFS (Hierarchal File System, for
Macintosh computers), and Hybrid HFS-ISO. Format of
the CD-ROM is the same as for audio CDs: a standard CD is 120 mm (4.75 inches) in diameter
and 1.2 mm (0.05 inches) thick and is composed of a polycarbonate plastic substrate
(underlayer - this is the main body of the disc), one or more thin reflective metal (usually
aluminum) layers, and a lacquer coating.
The Yellow Book specifications were so general that there was some fear in the industry that
multiple incompatible and proprietary formats would be created. In order to prevent such an
occurrence, representatives from industry leaders met at the High Sierra Hotel in Lake Tahoe to
collaborate on a common standard. Nicknamed the High Sierra Format, this version was later
modified to become ISO 9660. Today, CD-ROMs are standardized and will work in any standard
CD-ROM drive. CD-ROM drives can also read audio compact discs for music, although CD
players cannot read CD-ROM discs.