The document discusses variable frequency drives (VFDs) and their operation. It provides specifications for the Delta VFD007L21A model being used. It explains how a VFD works by converting input power to DC then variable voltage/frequency AC to control motor speed. The document outlines exercises to control the VFD, including starting/stopping a motor, changing speeds, and interfacing the VFD with a PLC for a conveyor control project.
2. Purpose
To understand VFD
VFDs working
Understanding its various operations
Preparing program for Operations
Controlling VFD with PLC
3. What is a VFD ?
VFD is acronym for Variable Frequency Drive
Also know as Inverter in industries.
Its is used to :
• Used to control the speed of Motor
• Make the system intelligent &
• Saves energy
4. Specifications of a VFD
We are working on Delta VFD007L21A
Its various specifications are written below
Item Number VFD007L21A
Manufacture Delta Products
Nominal Input VAC 240 Volts AC
HP 1
Input Phase 1 or 3
Wattage 0.4 KW
5. How does VFD works!
A Variable Frequency Drive converts incoming 50 Hz (could be 60
Hz for different countries) utility power into DC, then converts it to a
simulated variable voltage, variable frequency output
Speed of Motor directly Proportional to Frequency
rmp = 120f/p
F: Frequency
P: Number of Poles
6. Figure showing working of VFD
Motor
L1
L2
L3
C
L
Input Converter
(Diode Bridge)
Output Inverter
(IGBT’s)
DC Bus
(Filter)+
_
+
_
+
_
+
_
+ +
_ _
7. Simple representation of VFD working
RECTIFIER
(AC - DC)
INVERTER
(DC - AC)
AC DC AC
VFD
Zero - 120 Hz60 Hz
8. How to perform various operations on VFD
VFD gives a good control over the working of 3-phase electrical motor.
What, how to set VFD to perform various operations ?
For this, user must have read the manual of VFD.
Then according to the parameters in manual VFD is programed to
perform various operations
9. Important Basic parameters of VFD007L21A
Parameter Functioning Value to be set Factory setting
0-02 Reset 10 0
1-00 Maximum output frequency 50 60
1-01 Maximum setting frequency 50 60
1-09 Acceleration time 1 (Taecel 1) As per requirement 10
1-10 deceleration time 1 (Tdecel 1) As per requirement 10
1-13 Jog Accel Time As per requirement 10
1-14 Jog Decel Time As per requirement 10
1-15 Jog Frequency As per requirement 6
10. Important Operation Method Parameters of
VFD007L21A
Parameter Functioning Value to be set Factory setting
2-00 Source of Frequency 0-4 0
2-01 Source of Operation 0-4 0
2-04 Reverse Operation
Inhibit
0-3 0
11. Important Input Function Parameters of
VFD007L21A
Parameter Functioning Value to be set Factory setting
4-00 Potentiometer Bias
Frequency
0.0-350 Hz 0
4-01 Potentiometer Bias
Polarity
0-1 0
4-02 Potentiometer
Frequency Gain
1-200 1
4-03 Direction setting for
negative bias
0-2 0
12. Important Multi-step Speed Parameters of
VFD007L21A
Parameter Functioning Value to be set Factory setting
5-00 1 st Step Speed Frequency 0.0-400 0
5-01 2nd Step Speed Frequency 0.0-400 0
5-02 3rd Step Speed Frequency 0.0-400 0
5-03 PLC Mode 0-4 0
5-05 Time Duration Step 0 0-65500 sec 0
5-06 Time Duration Step 1 0-65500 sec 0
5-07 Time Duration Step 2 0-65500 sec 0
5-08 Time Duration Step 3 0-65500 sec 0
13. Exercises
Sr. No. Description
1 Start a 3-phase motor with VFD.
2 Change acceleration and deceleration time.
3.1 Change source of Frequency-Potentiometer (0 to 50Hz)
3.2 Change source of Frequency-Potentiometer (-50 to50Hz)
4 4. 2 WIRE SYSTEM
5 3 WIRE SYSTEM
6 Multi-step Speed (Manually)
7 Multi-step Speed (Timer)
8 VFD interfacing with PLC
9 Project
14. 1. Start a 3-phase motor with VFD.
for this , add parameters given below in VFD:
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational
frequency
50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
15. 2. Change acceleration and deceleration time.
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time Set as per requirement
1-10 Dec time Set as per requirement
16. 3. Change source of Frequency.
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time As per requirement
1-10 Dec time As per requirement
2-00 Source of frequency 0 digital keypad
1 External potentiometer
3 VR on drive
18. Arranging pot between a range of
frequency
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time As per requirement
1-10 Dec time As per requirement
2-00 Source of frequency External potentiometer
4-00 Potentiometer Bias Frequency 0 -50
4-01 Potentiometer Bias Polarity 0 for positive
4-02 Potentiometer Frequency Gain Adjust according to
requirement
20. 3.2 Varying frequency from (-60) to 60 Hz
*Note : change 4-01 to 1 for negative biasing
change 2-04 to negative to enable reverse direction
21. 4. 2 WIRE SYSTEM
Two wire system is used to access external terminal
Figure: shows h/w implementation of 2 wire system
22. Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time As per requirement
1-10 Dec time As per requirement
2-01 Source of operation 1 Controlled by the external
terminals, keypad STOP
enabled.
4-04 Multi-function Input Terminal 2 M0: RUN / STOP
M1: FWD / REV
Parameters to be set for 2 WIRE SYSTEM
23. 5. 3 WIRE SYSTEM
Three wire system is used to access external terminal
Figure :Shows h/w implementation of 3 WIRE SYSTEM
24. Parameters to be set for 3 WIRE SYSTEM
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time As per requirement
1-10 Dec time As per requirement
2-01 Source of operation 1 Controlled by the external
terminals, keypad STOP
enabled.
4-04 Multi-function Input Terminal 3 3 -Wire Operation
Control mode
(M0,M1,M2)
25. Multi-step Speed Operations
It is a very important VFD operation , in which we can control VFD speed in steps .
There are two methods of doing this operation
1. manually ( by switches)
2. Automatic (by timer)
26. 6. Multi-step Speed (Manually)
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time As per requirement
1-10 Dec time As per requirement
2-01 Source of Operation 1
4-04 Multi-function Input Terminal (M1) 2 2 wire system
4-05 Multi-function Input Terminal (M2 7 Multi-Step Speed Command 1
4-06 Multi-function Input Terminal (M3 8 Multi-Step Speed Command 2
5-00 1 st Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz
5-01 2 st Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz
28. 7. Multi-step Speed (Timer)
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time As per requirement
1-10 Dec time As per requirement
2-01 Source of Operation 0
4-06 Multi-function Input Terminal (M3) 16 Run PLC Program
5-00 1st Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz
5-01 2nd Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz
5-02 3rd Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz
5-03 PLC Mode 2 Continuously execute program cycles
5-05 Time Duration Step 0 0 to d 65500 sec
5-06 Time Duration Step 1 0 to d 65500 sec
5-07 Time Duration Step 2 0 to d 65500 sec
5-08 Time Duration Step 3 0 to d 65500 sec
30. One important parameter 5-04
This parameter controls the direction of motion for the Multi-Step
Speed Pr.5-00 to Pr.5-02 and the Master Frequency. The original
direction of Master Frequency will become invalid.
The equivalent 4-bit number is used to program the
forward/reverse motion for each of the 4 speed steps (including
Master Frequency). The binary notation for the 4-bit number must
be translated into decimal notation and then be entered.
32. 8. Interfacing VFD with Delta PLC
M0 M1 M2 M3 GND
IN OUT
COMCOM
IN 0
IN 1
IN 2
IN 3
OUT 0
OUT 1
OUT 2
OUT 3
PLC VFD input terminals GND should be of VFD
33. Project (PLC & VFD)
Problem Statement : Start a Conveyer with VFD . When limit switch 1 or
limit switch 2 is pressed the conveyer should change its direction . And
when sensor sense any object , speed of conveyer should decrease .
Values : Normal frequency 30 Hz
Second frequency 10 Hz