1. Tenses
1. Th× hiÖn t¹i ®¬n: S + V (s, es).
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng lÆp ®i lÆp l¹i theo thãi quen, phong tôc vµ kh¶ n¨ng.
VÝ dô: He speaks English very well.
b) DiÔn t¶ nhËn thøc, c¶m gi¸c, t×nh tr¹ng x¶y ra lóc ®ang nãi.
- VÝ dô: Do you hear anything? - No, I don’t hear anything.
- C¸ch dïng nµy thêng ¸p dông cho nh÷ng ®éng tõ liªn quan ®Õn nhËn thøc t×nh c¶m hoÆc tinh thÇn nh:
know, understand, suppose, wonder, consider, believe, think, doubt, hope, remember, forget, recognize,
worship (thê cóng), contain, seem, look, appear, love, like, dislike, hate.
c) DiÔn t¶ ch©n lÝ hoÆc sù kiÖn ®óng mét c¸ch hiÓn nhiªn.
d) DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai.
- C¸ch nµy thêng ¸p dông cho nh÷ng ®éng tõ chØ sù di chuyÓn nh: leave, go, walk, arrive,.. khi nãi vÒ thêi
gian ®i l¹i, khi tµu ch¹y, m¸y bay cÊt c¸nh vµ thêng ®i kÌm víi mét tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian trong t¬ng lai.
- VÝ dô: When does the plane arrive? - It is arrives at 5 o’ clock.
*) DÊu hiÖu: sometimes, usually, never, occasionally, from time to time, every orther day (ngµy c¸ch ngµy),
always, often, seldom, rarely, every day/ week/ month/ year,…
2. Th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn: S + am, is, are + V-ing
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®ang thùc sù diÔn ra t¹i thêi ®iÓm nãi.
b) Hµnh ®éng nãi chung ®ang diÔn ra nhng kh«ng nhÊt thiÕt ph¶i ®ang thùc sù diÔn ra lóc nãi (th-
êng ®i víi now, today, this year,…).
c) Hµnh ®éng x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai gÇn ®îc dïng víi c¸c ®éng tõ chØ sù di ®éng nh: go, come, leave,
…
- VÝ dô: We are going to Hµ Néi next week.
d) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng cã tÝnh chÊt t¹m thêi, kh«ng thêng xuyªn.
- VÝ dô: John often gets up at 7, but this month he is on holiday so he is getting up later.
e) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng lÆp ®i lÆp l¹i g©y nªn sù bùc m×nh hay khã chÞu cho ngêi nãi (always,
constantly, continually: cø…m·i). Khi ®îc dïng víi I, we nã chØ hµnh ®éng x¶y ra t×nh cê.
- VÝ dô: He is always leaving cigarette – ends on the floor.
I’m always doing that?
*một số động từ không dùng trong thì hiện tại tiêp diễn:want,need,prefer,have(sở hữu).think(tin),like,love,hate,belong,
see,hear,know,believe,suppose,mean,understand,remember,forget,seem,...
3. Th× qu¸ khø ®¬n: S + V (ed/ cét 2).
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ chÊm døt ë qu¸ khø vµo mét thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh.
- VÝ dô: I met her yesterday.
b) DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ chÊm døt ë qu¸ khø vµo mét thêi ®iÓm nµo ®ã trong qu¸ khø.
- VÝ dô: I got a job as a truck driver.
c) DiÔn t¶ mét thãi quen hoÆc nh÷ng hµnh ®éng thêng lµm ë qu¸ khø.
- VÝ dô: He never ate fish.
d) DiÔn t¶ nh÷ng hµnh ®éng thêng kÕ tiÕp nhau trong qu¸ khø ( dïng khi thuËt l¹i c¸c c©u chuyªn
trong qu¸ khø).
*) C¸c tr¹ng tõ thêng ®i kÌm: ago, aday ago, last Monday,… Ta còng cã thÓ dïng today, this morning, this
afternoon khi chóng ®îc xem nh mét phÇn thêi gian ®· qua trong ngµy.
- VÝ dô: I received a letter from Mai this morning (nãi vµo chiÒu tèi).
4. Th× qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn: S + was, were + V-ing.
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra ë vµo mét thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.
b) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra ë mét thêi ®iÓm trong qu¸ khø th× cã mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c
chen vµo.
- VÝ dô: When he arrived, I was watching T.V.
c) DiÔn t¶ hai hay nhiÒu hµnh ®éng x¶y ra song song trong qu¸ khø (while, when, as,..), all/ the whole
of + danh tõ chØ thêi gian..
d) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra vµ kÐo dµi trong suèt mét kho¶ng thêi gian nµo ®ã ë qu¸ khø.
- VÝ dô: I’m was studying all day yesterday.
*) Trong c©u thêng cã: from (Sunday) to (Tuesday), all (last month/ last week), the whole of (yesterday),
between,…

2. 5. Th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh: S + has / have + pII.
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø (kh«ng râ thêi gian) cã thÓ kÐo dµi ®Õn hiÖn t¹i hoÆc
t¬ng lai (nÕu chÊm døt trong qu¸ khø chóng ta ph¶i dïng th× qu¸ khø ®¬n).
- VÝ dô: up to the present, we have done every exercise in this book.
- DÊu hiÖu: up to now, up to present, so far, for, since, just, lately, ever, never, already, recently, yet now
(rèt cuéc ), before, it’s the 1st
time.
b) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng võa míi x¶y ra (just).
c) Hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ ®· hoµn tÊt trong qu¸ khø, nhng thêi gian cña hµnh ®éng kh«ng ®îc biÕt râ
hoÆc kh«ng ®îc ®Ò cËp ®Õn (today, this afternoon, this week/ month/ year,… võa qu¸ khø, võa t¬ng lai).
d) ChØ hµnh ®éng x¶y ra nhiÒu lÇn trong qu¸ khø vµ h® nµy cã thÓ lÆp l¹i nhiÒu lÇn trong t¬ng lai.
(ever, never).
e) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng cha tõng x¶y ra tõ tríc tíi nay ( yet) (c©u phñ ®Þnh vµ c©u hái).
f) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®· hoµn tÊt tríc lóc nãi (already).
g) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng hay sù viÖc ®· ®îc hoµn thµnh vµo mét thêi ®iÓm cha qua h¼n ë hiªn t¹i.
- VÝ dô: I have met him twice today.
h) DiÔn t¶ mét kÕt qu¶ hiÖn cã do mét hµnh ®éng ë qu¸ khø.
- VÝ dô: He has lost all his money in gambling.
6. Th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn: S + has / have + been + V-ing.
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø vµ vÉn tiÕp diÔn ®Ôn hiÖn t¹i.
b) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng kÐo dµi trong qu¸ khø võa míi chÊm døt.
- VÝ dô: He has been hunting bears (ViÖc ®i s¨n vÉn tiÕp tôc cho ®Õn gÇn ®©y).
*) Lu ý: HTHT: nhÊn m¹nh vµo kÕt qu¶ cña hµnh ®éng, c¸c c«ng viÖc ®· thùc hiÖn ®îc.
HTHTTD: nhÊn m¹nh vµo sù tiÕp diÔn liªn tôc cña hµnh ®éng trong bao l©u, thêng ®i víi for,
since, all day, howlong (trong c©u hái),… Nã kh«ng dïng víi always, kh«ng dïng víi nh÷ng tõ chØ nhËn thøc
tri gi¸c.
7. Th× qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh: S + had + PII.
a) ChØ mét hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ ®· hoµn tÊt tríc mét thêi ®iÓm trong qu¸ khø, hoÆc tríc mét hµnh
®éng kh¸c còng ®· kÕt thóc trong qu¸ khø.
VÝ dô: By 2.00 o’clock we had had lunch.
b) Hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra nhng cha hoµn tÊt th× mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c, mét thêi ®iÓm kh¸c ®Õn (for).
- VÝ dô: By december 1st
last year, he had worked here for ten years.
*) DÊu hiÖu: before, after, when, till, until, as soon as,…
8. Th× qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn: S + had + been + V-ing.
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra tríc vµ vÉn tiÕp diÔn cho ®Õn lóc nãi ë thêi ®iÓm qu¸ khø.
-VD: When I got home, I discovered she had been paiting the door. (Khi t«i vÒ nhµ, t«i thÊy c« Êy ®· ®ang
s¬n c¸nh cöa).
b) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®· tiÕp diÔn vµ ®îc hoµn thµnh tríc lóc nãi ë thêi ®iÓm qua khø.
*) Chó ý: Kh«ng dïng th× nµy víi c¸c ®éng tõ: know, like, realize, guess, believe, doubt, understand, hear,
smell, sound, taste, belong to, love,…
9. Th× t¬ng lai ®¬n: S + shall, will + V (bare-infinitive).
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai.
b) DiÔn t¶ mét thãi quen trong t¬ng lai.
- VÝ dô: The birds will come back next spring.
c) DiÔn t¶ mét viÖc sÏ quyÕt ®Þnh lµm ngay lóc nãi.
d) DiÔn t¶ sù ®Ò nghÞ thØnh cÇu. - VÝ dô: Shall we eat out tonight?
*) Chó ý: - Kh«ng ®îc dïng won’t sau “ I think ”.
- Kh«ng dïng th× t¬ng lai ®¬n sau c¸c liªn tõ: when, before, after, as soon as,… sau mÖnh ®Ò “if”.
- Th× t¬ng lai ®¬n thêng ®øng sau c¸c ®éng tõ nh: be afraid, be/fell sure, believe, think, doubt,
hope.
10. Th× t¬ng lai gÇn: S + be + going to + V (bare-infinitive).
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng lµm g× ®ã trong t¬ng lai gÇn.
b) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng s¾p x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai gÇn.
11.Th× t¬ng lai tiÕp diÔn: S + shall, will + be + V-ing.
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai hoÆc ®ang x¶y ra th× mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c ®Õn.
- VÝ dô: We will be waiting for you at 9 o’clock tomorrow.

3. 12.Th× t¬ng lai hoµn thµnh: S + shall, will + have + PII.
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®îc hoµn tÊt tríc mét thêi ®iÓm trong t¬ng lai.
- VÝ dô: We will have paid the loan by August.
b) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng sÏ ®îc hoµn tÊt tríc mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c trong t¬ng lai.
*) DÊu hiÖu: by + mèc thêi gian, by then, by the end of (th¸ng), by (giê).
13.Th× t¬ng lai hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn: S + shall / will + have been + V-ing.
- DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ tiÕp diÔn ®îc mét thêi gian so víi mét thêi ®iÓm kh¸c trong t¬ng lai
(By the end of …) ⇒ Ýt khi sö dông.
14.Th× t¬ng lai trong qu¸ khø: S + would + V (bare-infinitive).
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra ë thêi ®iÓm t¬ng lai so víi mét thêi ®iÓm nµo ®ã ë qua khø.
b) DiÔn t¶ dù ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.
EXERCISES
I. Put these verbs into correct form.
1.I (walk)...........................to work everyday.
2.She (work)..............................in a bank two years ago.
3.We (see)...............................him from time to time last year.
4.Children(need)........................... love.
5.I(go).....................to town yesterday,and I(buy).......................a new book.
6.John(leave)....................................for France tomorrow.
7.He (leave)................................. yesterday.
8.He (work).............................here since August.
9.We often(see)..............................him on the way home.
10.I seldom (go) ..........................to the cinema.
11.I (read) .....................................that book already. 12.They just(come)................................
13.I (be)...........................in the army during the Second World War.
14.I (walk) .....................................to school everyday last year.
15.We(not be)...................................... there lately.
16.This morning I(walk)................................to school.
17.Please be quite.I(study).......................................
18.The swimming pool(open).............................at 7.00 and (close) ......................at 18.30 everyday.
19.why (you/look).............................................at me like that?Have I said something wrong?
20.I(not/work)...............................this week.I’m on holiday.
21.How many cigarettes(you/smoke)...............................a day?
22.I(live).................................with some friends until I can find a flat.
23.Hurry up!The bus(come)...................................I(not/want).....................to miss it.
24.That machine(not/work)................................It broke down this morning.
25.This machine(not/work)...................................It hasn’t work for years.
26.The River Nile(flow)........................... into the Mediterranean.
27.The river(flow)..............................very fast today-much faster than usual.
28.Can you drive?-No,but I(learn)...............................My father(teach)............................me.
29.We usually(grow)..................................................vegetables in our garden but this year
we(not/grow).............................any.
30.You can borrow my umbrella.I(not/need).............................it at the moment.
31.(At a party)I usually(enjoy)..........................parties but I(not/enjoy)...........................this one very much.
32.George says he’s 80 years old but I(not/believe)........................him.
33.Son is in London at the moment.He(stay)............................... at the Hilton Hotel.He
usually(stay) ..............................at the Hilton Hotel when he’s in London.
34.A.What(your father/do).........................................? B.He’s a teacher,but he(not/work).........................................at
the moment.
35.I’m too tired to walk home.I think I(get)........................... a taxi.
36.When I lived in Hanoi,I(work).....................in a bank.
37.Lan (burn)..........................her hand when she(cook).................................the dinner.
38.It(rain)...................................when I got up.
39.While I(work).............................in the garden,I hurt my back.
40.I saw Jim in the park.He(sit)................................on the grass and(read)..........................a book.
41.Last night I(read)...............................in bed when suddenly I(hear)................a scream.
42.Tom is kooking for his key.He can’t find it.He(lose)...................his key.
43.She(play)..................................tennis since she was eight.

4. 44.It is raining now.It began raining two hours ago.It(rain)....................................for two hours..
45.Ann is looking for a job.She began looking six months ago.She(look)..................................... for six months.
II.Choose the correct answer.
Last Monday,William Murphy(1)............................a wallet on a street .He picked up the wallet
and(2)...........................a ticket inside.He noticed the number on the ticket and immediately
(3).....................that(4)...............................was the winning ticket in a big competition.The prize (5)........................8
million dollars.
Murphy(6).........................the huge prize,however.He(7).........................the ticket back to its
owner,Laviqeur.Yesterday,Laviqeur got the prize and at once(8)........................Murphy a million dollars as a reward.
1.a.sees b.has seen c.saw d.is seeing
2.a.find b.finds c.found d.founded
3.a.knows b.is knowing c.known d.knew
4.a.he b.she c.it d.one
5.a.is b.are c.were d.was
6.a.not collect b. not collect c.did not collect d.no collected
7.a.take b.took c.takes d.taken
8.a. give b.gives c.given d.gave