Assignment For Final Year Diploma in it

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Assignment 1
By Hau Teen Yee Fabrice
Date of submission: 26.01.18
This assignment contains Question and Answer.

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Table of contents:
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………3
Question 1: Computerized a fruit and vegetable shop………………………………4-5
Question 2: Suitable methodology for a new route………………………………6-7
Question 3: Explain the following business functions………………………………8
Question 4: Describe 3 level management………………………………9-10
Question 5: narrative and graphical specification technique……………………………11
Question 6: content of a program specification document………………………………12
References………………………………………………………………………………..13

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Introduction of current trend in IT:
A digital network is emerging to support the upcoming digital business and its
underlying technology platforms and IT practices. It focuses on people and the Internet
of Things (IoT) endpoints. The digital business evolution is exploiting new digital models
to align more closely to the physical and digital world for employees, partners and
customers. Technology is rooted in everything.

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A small fruit and vegetable shop has been opened by a husband and wife who
have no knowledge about computer systems. They are aware that they need to
create a database and would need to record sales and purchases. How would you
approach this development?
It is very important to explain the husband and the wife of the advantage of using
computer in the shop, and give them a formation of computer basics, and explain to
them how the system can be cost saving (less paper work), and benefits for their shop.
During the formation it is important to explain them:
 How to use the system (How to record sales and purchases)
 Knowledge of how the system functions.
 Using computer (Basics).
While doing the formation it important to know what problems they are facing such as:
 Stock overloaded (fruit and vegetable are expire).
 They are using a lot of paper for receipt.
 Unbalanced of their money (calculation errors).
It is very important while developing the system to know what they need as functions
Such as the design the color as examples.
How the system of their fruit and vegetable shop will work?
The system will records all the prices of the fruit and vegetable when a client make a
purchase it will record the data and every day the computerized system will display how
many fruit or vegetable was purchases and it will display the total earning with the fruit
or vegetable needed to be in stock or not, the computerized system will not display only
daily revenue, but also, monthly, yearly and profits and lose .so the husband and her
wife can easily get all the information that they needed.
The system will perform function such as:
 Delete data.
 Save data.
 Stock needed of fruit and vegetable.
 Credit for fidelity clients (Make a monthly records for them and will total all the
fruit and vegetable that they purchase. The system will display a date of their
payment).
 Automatically calculate the total of the purchase of a clients.

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Advantage of using the new computerized fruit and vegetable shop system
The two biggest advantages of a computerized accounting system are speed and
accuracy. When using a manual accounting system, each step in the accounting cycle
must be performed by hand. For the fruit and vegetable shop it would be a big benefits
the system will be faster.
For example:
Let say that they have 10 clients waiting for payment the husband and her wife use to
write information by hand and calculate the total , it take a lot of time and sometime it
can be inaccurate (people mistake). So the system will perform the same task, but,
faster and accurate
The system is a cost saving in terms of paper for the fruit and vegetable shop
Disadvantage of the new computerized system of the fruit and vegetable shop system.
It is very important for the husband and her wife to know the disadvange of the
computerized system.
 It can be very expensive.
 In case of power cut the system cannot work.

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b) A large ferry shipping company is investing in a new route from England to
France. The company needs an entirely new system to deal with all the
applications such as bookings from passengers, buying food and drinks for the
restaurants, selling the food, recruiting staff, paying staff etc. Describe a suitable
methodology that could be used to analyses all the requirements.
Evolutionary methodology is the best to analyze all the requirement for the new route.
Evolution model is based on the initial implementation will result in the user comments it
can be repaired through many versions until an adequate system can be developed. In
addition to having separate activities, this model provide feedback to developers.
The evolution model divides the development cycle into smaller, "Incremental Waterfall
Model" in which users are able to get access to the product at the end of each cycle.
Passengers and customers provide feedback on the product for planning stage of the
next cycle and the development team responds, often by changing the product, plans or
process.
These incremental cycles are typically two or four weeks in duration and continue
until the product is shipped.
 These models are more suited to object oriented systems.
 They are iterative in Process.
 They enable the software developer to develop increasingly more Complex
versions of the software.
 Like all Complex systems, software involve over period of the time and hence
evolutionary models are more suited to software development.
 Requirements gets changed while the software is under development.

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Advantages of Evolutionary Model
 User satisfaction: User gets satisfied and he gets the full chance of
experimenting partially developed system.
 Business benefit: Successful use of this model can benefit not only business
result but marketing and the internal operations as well.
 High quality: As you should get satisfied with every version, it produces the high
quality product.
 Low risk: There is significant reduction of risk as a versions is implemented. This
risk may be associated with
- missing schedule deadline
- wrong feature sets
- poor quality
 Reduction Cost: Some design issues are cheaper to resolve through
experimentation than through analysis. It reduces cost by providing structured
and disciplined avenue for experimentation.
Disadvantages of Evolutionary Model
 Several version release: Developer has to make table version which increases
their Efforts.
 Dividing software: It is difficult to "divide the software and the problems in several
versions that would be acceptable to the customer which can be implemented
and delivered incrementally.

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Explain the following business functions:
i) Purchasing
Purchasing is the function of buying Goods & Services from External Source to
an Organization. Purchase department buys Raw Materials, Spare parts,
services etc. as required by the company or Organization.
ii) Marketing
One of the major functions of marketing is to conduct your research on your
target audience. Pay attention to buying trends and look for products that fulfil
a current need. For instance, apparel retailers need to stay on top of the
upcoming season’s trends to know what products to focus on in marketing
campaigns. Market research also requires checking out your other competitors.
Find out what products they are featuring and how successful their marketing
campaigns have been in the past.
iii) Human Resource Management (Personnel)
Traditional personnel management often focuses on managing a workforce
from an administrative standpoint. The function is to ensure people are hired,
oriented, paid on time and have their complaints and needs addressed. On the
other hand, Human Resource Management treats employees as a resource
much like a factory, a machine or cash.
iv) Stock Control
Stock control, otherwise known as inventory control, is used to show how
much stock you have at any one time, and how you keep track of it.
It applies to every item you use to produce a product or service, from raw
materials to finished goods. It covers stock at every stage of the production
process, from purchase and delivery to using and re-ordering the stock.

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There are typically THREE levels of management information within an
organization. Identify the three levels giving an example of each.
The information requirements of managers will vary depending on their specific role with
regard to internal control and risk. Within an organization, management are normally
divided into three different levels:
1. Strategic,
2. Tactical
3. Operational.
Diagram of the 3 level management.
Here a description of the activity of the 3 level management in an organisation.

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Example of the three level management in an organization.

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c) Describe and give an example of ONE narrative and ONE graphical specification
technique
Narrative
Narrative is writing that tells a story. It has a sequence of events, the plot. Narratives also
have characters and a setting, as well as a narrator or person from whose point of view
the story is told.
Examples of Narrative:
 When your friend tells a story about seeing a deer on the way to school, he or she
is using characteristics of a narrative.
 Fairy tales are narratives. The plot typically begin with "Once upon a time ..." and
end with "happily ever after."
What it is Graphical specification?
Draw components on screen set actions with script or links to program in use with raw
programming most popular technique e.g. Visual Basic, Dreamweaver, and Flash

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d) Briefly describe the content of a program specification document.
In computer science, a program specification is the definition of what a computer program
is expected to do. It can be informal, in which case it can be considered as a blueprint or
user manual from a developer point of view, or formal, in which case it has a definite
meaning defined in mathematical or programmatic terms. In practice, most successful
specifications are written to understand and fine-tune applications that were already well-
developed, although safety-critical software systems are often carefully specified prior to
application development. Specifications are most important for external interfaces that
must remain stable.
Program Specifications Content
1. No standard approach
2. Include program information
3. Note events that trigger actions
4. List inputs and outputs
5. Include pseudocode
6. Present additional notes and comments

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References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerize
https://www.business2community.com/tech-gadgets/top-7-trends-software-industry-
expect-01772152
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management
https://blogs.agilefaqs.com/2009/01/29/10-evolutionary-project-management-evo-
principles/
https://melsatar.blog/2012/03/15/software-development-life-cycle-models-and-
methodologies/
http://www.bcmpedia.org/wiki/Business_Function
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_specification
https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/PSTEMPLATE.DOC
https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/gartners-top-10-technology-trends-2017/
http://www.its-all-design.com/a-graphical-functional-specification-part-1/