1. IcingIcing

2. IcingIcing
DECREASES
LIFT
INCREASES
DRAG
DECREASES
THRUST
INCREASES
WEIGHT
INCREA
INCREA

3. IcingIcing
OTHER EFFECTS
 Block the pitot and static inlets
 Obscuration of windscreens
 Control surface jam
 Radio interference due to ice build-up on aerials
 Landing gear deployment / retraction problems

4. IcingIcing

5. Intensity of Icing
TRACE - IMPERCEPTIBLE, NO SIGNIFICANT
ACCUMULATION.
LIGHT - SIGNIFICANT ACCUMULATION FOR A
PROLONGED FLIGHT (OVER 1 HOUR).
MODERATE - SIGNIFICANT ACCUMULATION EVEN FOR
SHORTER PERIODS OF FLIGHT.
SEVERE - RAPID, DANGEROUS ACCUMULATIONS.
IcingIcing

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Supercooled water Droplets (SLD)

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Supercooled water Droplets (SLD)

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Supercooled water Droplets (SLD)

9. IcingIcing
Types of Icing
Clear/glaze ice, forms when large supercooled
droplets impact with an airframe.
Forms from impact with small supercooled
droplets.
Combination of clear ice and rime ice and
occurs where both types of water droplets are
present.
This type of icing is very severe and very similar
to clear ice.
CLEAR :
RIME :
MIX :
RAIN ICE:

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11. IcingIcing

12. IcingIcing

13. IcingIcing
Rain Icing

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15. IcingIcing

16. IcingIcing
 Be well educated (anti/de-icing equipment)Be well educated (anti/de-icing equipment)
 Examine the forecastsExamine the forecasts
 Clear ice from airframeClear ice from airframe
 Avoid known areasAvoid known areas
 Expect icing above Freezing LevelExpect icing above Freezing Level 
Avoidance of IcingAvoidance of Icing