Dr Samir Tayfour's Guide to Cardiac Dysfunction
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Dr. Samir Tayfour is a consultant cardiologist in KSA. In treating cardiac dysfunction, he determines the type (systolic or diastolic), etiology, prognosis, and guides therapy. Treatment options include surgery, procedures like bypass, angioplasty, valve replacement, defibrillator implantation, transplantation, and LVAD. Risk factors for heart failure include hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, inactivity, obesity, alcohol, and smoking.
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Dr Samir Tayfour's Guide to Cardiac Dysfunction
- 1. Dr SAMIR TAYFOUR CONSULTANT CARDIOLOGIST KSA
- 9. Determine the type of cardiac dysfunction (systolic vs. diastolic) Determine Etiology Define prognosis Guide therapy
- 11. Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Treatment options Surgery and other Medical Procedures Not often used in heart failure unless there is a correctable problem Coronary artery bypass Angioplasty Valve replacement Defibrillator implantation Heart transplantation Left ventricular assist device (LVAD)
- 23. Risk Factor Goal Hypertension Generally < 130/80 Diabetes See ADA guidelines1 Hyperlipidemia See NCEP guidelines2 Inactivity 20-30 min. aerobic 3-5 x wk. Obesity Weight reduction < 30 BMI Alcohol Men ≤ 2 drinks/day, women ≤ 1 Smoking Cessation Dietary Sodium Maximum 2-3 g/day Diabetes Care 2006; 29: S4-S42 1 JAMA 2001; 285:2486-97 2 Adapted from:
- 28. Cardiac glycosides in clinical use are: Digoxin, Digitoxin Ouabain.
- 39. Figure 1. Agonist activation and coupling/signaling properties of β-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Lohse M J et al. Circulation Research 2003;93:896-906 Copyright © American Heart Association
- 40. Figure 2. Calcium cycling in cardiac myocytes and regulation by PKA. AC indicates adenylyl cyclase; RyR, ryanodine receptor; PLB, phospholamban; SERCA, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase; CaM, calmodulin; CaMK, calmodulin-dependent kinase; CaN, calcineur... Lohse M J et al. Circulation Research 2003;93:896-906 Copyright © American Heart Association
- 49. Heart Zones
Editor's Notes
- All patients presenting with heart failure should undergo diagnostic evaluation that: Determines the type of cardiac dysfunction (systolic vs. diastolic) Uncovers the etiology and if it is reversible Defines the prognosis, and Guides therapy
- The June 2006 AHA guide regarding exercise, “Making healthy food and lifestyle choices: Our guide for American adults,” recommends 30 minutes or more of aerobic exercise every day. The recommendations and a free brochure are available at www.americanheart.org or 1-800-AHA-USA1.
- Figure 1. Agonist activation and coupling/signaling properties of β-adrenergic receptor subtypes. GRK indicates G protein–coupled receptor kinase; βArr, β-arrestin; PDE, phosphodiesterase; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; and AC, adenylyl cyclase. Data from Hoffmann et al.184
- Figure 2. Calcium cycling in cardiac myocytes and regulation by PKA. AC indicates adenylyl cyclase; RyR, ryanodine receptor; PLB, phospholamban; SERCA, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase; CaM, calmodulin; CaMK, calmodulin-dependent kinase; CaN, calcineurin; GRK, G protein–coupled receptor kinase; NCX, sodium-calcium exchanger; NHE, sodium-proton exchanger; and PP, protein phosphatase.