2. Tariq Ahmad LoneTariq Ahmad Lone
Computer?Computer?
Any general-purpose machine that processes dataAny general-purpose machine that processes data
according to a set of instructions that is storedaccording to a set of instructions that is stored
internally either temporarily or permanently.internally either temporarily or permanently.
Any device capable of processing information toAny device capable of processing information to
produce a desired result. No matter how large orproduce a desired result. No matter how large or
small they are. Computers typically perform theirsmall they are. Computers typically perform their
work in three well-defined steps: (i) accepting input,work in three well-defined steps: (i) accepting input,
(ii) processing the input according to predefined(ii) processing the input according to predefined
rules (programs), and (iii) producing outputrules (programs), and (iii) producing output
4. Tariq Ahmad LoneTariq Ahmad Lone
Computer- ApplicationsComputer- Applications
• In offices and homes for preparing documents and perform other data processing
jobs
• To prepare salary slips and salary cheques in offices, factories
• To maintain accounts and transfer funds in Banks
• To store and retrieve large amount of information in offices
• To send and receive E-mail/ Voice mail
• To search and retrieve information from other computers
• To reserve tickets in railways, airlines etc
• To regulate traffic lights on roads and to control machines and robots in factories
• To design automobiles, buildings, dams and to forecast weather
• To create animations/ Cartoon movies and compose music
• To control aero planes, trains, automobiles etc
• To control electronic appliances such as air conditioners, TVs etc
• To do online banking, buy and sell merchandise, shares etc
• To control and simulate defense equipment
• For scientific and industrial research
• In post offices and hospitals
• In playing games, music (Audio/Video) etc
• Last but not least in Education (Online tutorials, Virtual classrooms etc)
5. Tariq Ahmad LoneTariq Ahmad Lone
Computer- Components/DevicesComputer- Components/Devices
• Central Processing Unit
• Primary/Main Memory
• Input Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
• Output Devices
Monitor (CRT,TFT)
Printers
Projectors
• Storage Devices
Floppy
Pen Drive/Flash Drive
Hard Disk
CDs/DVDs
• Communication Devices
Modem
Hub/Switch
Bridge
Router
6. Tariq Ahmad LoneTariq Ahmad Lone
Computer- SoftwareComputer- Software
• Software - Set of programs
• Program - Set of Instructions
• Instruction – A Command
7. Tariq Ahmad LoneTariq Ahmad Lone
Software- TypesSoftware- Types
• System Software (Operating System e.g.
Windows, Unix/Linux etc)
• Application Software (MSOffice including
MSWord,MSExcel,MSPowerpoint etc)
• Utilities (Norton Utilities including Media Player,
Pdf reader etc)
8. Tariq Ahmad LoneTariq Ahmad Lone
The InternetThe Internet
• World’s largest computer network made
up of thousands of networks worldwide
• Network of Networks
• Network of LANs, MANs and WANs
9. Tariq Ahmad LoneTariq Ahmad Lone
Basic Internet TermsBasic Internet Terms
• Web Page (electronic file or document)
• Website (set of related web pages e.g.
kashmiruniversity.net)
• Home page/Index page (Doorway to website)
• Browser (Program that accesses web pages e.g.
Internet Explorer, Firefox, Crazy Browser)
• URL (Unique address of a web page)
• Hypertext (Text that connects to other documents)
• ISP (Organization that provides Internet services)
• Web Server (Computer with server software)
• Download/Upload (Receiving on and sending to)
• Online/Offline (Connected/disconnected to/from Internt
or some device like Printer)
10. Tariq Ahmad LoneTariq Ahmad Lone
Connecting to InternetConnecting to Internet
The Basic requirements for getting Online are:
• A TCP/IP enabled computer with a Browser
• An account with an ISP
• A telephone line plugged to a suitable socket
• A Modem to connect the computer to the line
Types of Internet Connections:
• Dial-up
• ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
• Cable Modem (Cable TV+ Internet)
• Leased Line (Dedicated)
• DSL (Digital Subscribe Line, Phone+Net)
• Broadband
11. Tariq Ahmad LoneTariq Ahmad Lone
Internet ApplicationsInternet Applications
• WWW
• E-mail
• FTP
• Telnet (Remote Login)
• IRC/Chatting/Instant Messaging
• Internet Telephony
• Video conferencing
• E-commerce
• Mailing Lists/Newsgroups
12. Tariq Ahmad LoneTariq Ahmad Lone
Some Important WebsitesSome Important Websites
• Research- researchpapers.net,ssrn.com,ebscohost.com,isro.in
• News-
nytimes.com,hinduonline.com,dawn.com,greaterkashmir.com,bbcurdu.com,newsonai
r.com,urduvoa.com,aljazeera.net, presstv.ir, ndtv.com
• Reservation- indianrail.gov.in,yatra.com,ezeego1.com
• Online Tax Returns- incometaxindia.gov.in,tin.nsdl.com
• Education-
cbse.nic.in,ugc.ac.in,indiaresults.com,kashmiruniversity.net,dec.ac.in,ignou.ac.in
• Search-
google.com,ask.com,guruji.com,yahoo.com,khoj.com,altavista.com,lycos.com,hotbot.
com,infoseek.com
• J&K- jkgad.nic.in,jkpsc.net,jkbankonline.net,jksu.nic.in,jammuandkashmir.com,
jkhighcourt.nic.in
• Religion-
irf.net,islamicvoice.com,nazmay.com,haroonyehya.com,lightuponlight.com,
hindunet.org, sikhnet.com, realsikhism.com
• Mail- gmail.com,yahoo.com,rediff.com,indiatimes.com
