Estelahat computer
- 1. 1
ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ
ﻭ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ
ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ.
Half-duplex :
ﺑﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭽﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻌﻀﻲﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺷﻤﺎHalf-
duplexﻭFull-duplexﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﺭﺍ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ
ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ.ﺣﺎﻟ ﺩﺭﺖ
Half-duplexﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﮐﺘﺮ ﻫﺮ
ﻣﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺷﻮﺩ)ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﻪLocal Echoﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻫﻢ
ﺷﻮﺩ.(ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭFull-duplexﻃﺮﻑ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ
ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞﻧ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ،ﺍﺳﺖﻤﻲ
ﺁﻳﺪ(Remote Echo).ﻣﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﮔﺮﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ
- 2. 2
ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﮐﺘﺮ ﻫﺮ
Half-duplexﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪFull-duplexﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﮐﺘﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺩﺭ ،ﺍﺳﺖ
ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﮐﻮ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﮏLocal Echoﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭRemote Echo .
DRM؛
ﻣﺨﻔﻒDigital Rights Managementﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ
ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﺍﻳﺖ ﮐﭙﻲ ﺣﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ
ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ
ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ.ﻳﮏ ﻣﺜﻼDRMﺩ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻱ ﻣﺎﻟﮑﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ
ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺛﺮEncryptingﻣﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ.ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ
Digital Watermarkﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ،ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺁﺯﺍﺩﺍﻧﻪ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ.
- 3. 3
LCP :
ﻣﺨﻔﻒLink Control Protocolﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ.ﺍﻳﻦﭘﺮﻭﺗﮑﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﮑﻞ
PPPﺍﺳﺖ.ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺩﺭppp (ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺜﻞISPﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﻥﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﺧﻂ
(ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ،ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻢ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻢLCPﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ
ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ.ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻳﮏ
ﻱLCPﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﻮﻳﺖﺍ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﺑﺎ ﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁISPﻭ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ
ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﭙﺲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ.ﺍﻳﻦ
ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ
ﮐﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ.ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﭘﻴﮑﺮﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ
ﺻﻮﺭﺕﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ.ﺍﻧﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺎ ،ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺘﻘﺎﻝ
ﮐﻪLCPﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﻮﻳﺖﺑﻮﺩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﮑﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ.
Dongle :
ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ،ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ
- 4. 4
ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ.ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﭙﻲ.ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭPCﺍﻳﻦﺩﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ
ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎﻱMACﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪADBﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ.ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ
ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱDongleﻭﻟﻲ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭDongleﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ
ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ،ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮐﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ
ﮐﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ.ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦDongleﺗﻮﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻥﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ
ﮐﺮﺩ.
USB :
ﻣﺨﻔﻒBus Universal Serialﻳﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩBusﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ
ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﺮﺥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ١٢Mbpsﺭﺳﺪ ﻣﻲ.ﻫﺮUSBﭘﻮﺭﺕﻣﻲ
ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ١٢٧ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ،ﻛﻴﺒﻮﺭﺩ ،ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ،ﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﺜﻞ ،ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ
ﻭ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻟﻲ...ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ)ﻳﻚ ﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱUSB Hub
ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ). USBﺍﺯHot PluggingﻭPlug And Playﻣﻲ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ
ﻛﻨﺪ.ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ١٩٩٦ﺩﺭ ﺷﺪ؛ ﻋﺮﺿﻪﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ
- 5. 5
ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ1998ﺑﺎ ﻭ
ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﭘﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝiMacﺷﺪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦﺗﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻭ
ﺣﺪﻱﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩMotherBoardﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﺎﻱUSB
ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ.ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻫﻢUSBﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﭘﻮﺭﺕUSB 1.1ﻭUSB
2.0ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻛﻪﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ.ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﻄﻮﺭ
ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩUSBﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻱ ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻛﻢﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﺍ.ﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ
ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺱ ﻭ ﻛﻴﺒﻮﺭﺩ ،ﭘﺮﻳﻨﺘﺮ ،ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻠﻲUSBﭘﻮﺭﺕ
MotherBoardﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ.
Virus :
ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻛﺪ ﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﭙﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ
ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺍﺯﻭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ
ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﭘﻴﻐﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ
ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ.ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺳﻬﺎ
ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺭﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ.ﻛﭙﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺣﺘﻲ
- 6. 6
ﻣﻲ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯﻛ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺎﺭ
ﻳﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ.
ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﺘﺮ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺳﻬﺎﻱﺍﻣﻨﻴﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ
ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ. Micro Virusﺟﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺳﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻫﺎﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ
ﺳﻜﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ، DocumentﻫﺎﻱWordﻣﻲ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ
ﻛﻨﻨﺪ.
Worm :
ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺮﻡﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ.ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻛﺮﻣﻬﺎﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ
ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻬﺎ( p2p )ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ.ﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻛﺮﻣﻬﺎ
ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺁﻥContactﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺑﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﻣﻲ ﺗﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻗﻲ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﮔﺸﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﻳﺒﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ
ﻛﻨﺪ.ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ،ﻛﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ
ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖMail Serverﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻫﺎ.
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Dropper :
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻧﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻴﻦVirus DropperﻭDropper Programﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ.
ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﺐ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺮﻡ ﻳﻚ
ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺗﺮ. Dropperﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻮﺩ
ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ.ﺗﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﺐ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ
ﺩﺍﻧﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺴﺖﻳﺎﺏ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺨﺮﺏ ﻛﺪﻫﺎﻱ
ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺍﺯDropperﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻫﺎ
ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻨﺎ ﻭﮔﺮﻧﻪ.
Spyware :
ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺎﻡAd-Awareﺍﺳﺖ. Spywareﻫﺮ ﺑﻪﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ
ﺍﻓﺮﺍ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﻭﺭﻱﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ
ﺷﻮﺩ. Spywareﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻫﺎ
ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ( Freeware Or Shareware )ﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ
- 8. 8
ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥﻛﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ. Spywareﺑﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ ﻫﺎMonitor
ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬ ﻛﺮﺩﻥﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺎﻱﺩﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ
ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﭘﺲﻓﺮﺳﺘﺪ ﻣﻲ. Spywareﻫﺎ
ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ،ﺍﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﺁﺩﺭﺳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ
ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭘﺴﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ. Spywareﺍﺳﺐ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ
ﭼ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺗﺮﻭﺍﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺭ
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﺍﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ.ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ
ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻥﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ
)ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦpeer-to-peerﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩKaaza ).ﻧﻜﺘﻪ
ﺩﺭﺩﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻛﺘﺮSpywareﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ
ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺯ
ﺣﺘﻲ ﻳﺎCrashﺑﺸﻮﺩ.ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ
ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ).ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ
ﺭﻓﺘﻪ(
- 9. 9
ﭼﻮﻥSpywareﻫﺎﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ
ﺟﻤﻠﻪMonitorﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﮔﺸﺘﻦ ،ﻛﻴﺒﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ
ﻧﺼﺐ ،ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪSpywareﻫﺎﻱﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮCookieﻫﺎ
ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺽ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻭﺏ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭ.Licensing Agreementﻛﻪ ﻫﺎﻗﺒﻞ
ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺯ
ﻧﺼﺐSpywareﺩﻫﺪ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ)ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪﺩﺭ
ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ(ﻫﻴﭽﻜﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻟﻲ
ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻠﻲLicensing Agreementﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍSpyware
ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺎ.
Trojan Horse :
ﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﺏ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﺍﺭﻱ.ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ،ﻫﺪﻑ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ
ﺣﻤ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻠﻪ.ﺗﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﺐ
- 10. 10
ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ.ﻳﻚ
ﺩﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﺐﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ:ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻳﻚ
ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻤﻲ)ﺯﻳﺮkb 100 )ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺜﻼ
ﻣﻤﻜ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻛﺸﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﻛﻪﻦﺗﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ
ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺗﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﺐ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭ ،ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ
ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱIPﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻲ
ﺗﻮﺳﻂﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ
ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮExpelorﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺪ
ﭼﻴﺰ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺣﺬﻑﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﺍﺵ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ.ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ
ﻫﺎ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺷﺪﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ
ﺑﺸﻮﺩ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ.ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻤﺎ
ﺩﻫﻨﺪ!ﻳ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﻲ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻓﺎﻳﺮﻭﺍﻝ ﻚ.ﺑﻪ
ﺣﻤﻼﺗﻲﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯBack Doorﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﭼﻮﻥ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ
ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺨﺼﻲﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ
- 11. 11
ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ.
ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﺐ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕTrojan Horseﺍﻳﻠﻴﺎﺩ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ
ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨ ﻫﻮﻣﺮﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﺪﻩﺭﺍ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﺳﺐ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻤﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ
ﺁﺷﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺻﻠﺢ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻪ)ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮕﺠﻮ(ﺷﻬﺮ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ
ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮﻩ!...
Protocol :
ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﺘﻲﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻴﻦ.ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ
ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻛﻪ ﻦﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ،ﺩﺍﺩﻩ
ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻱ.ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ
ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ:
-ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ
ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ.
-ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﻭﺵ
-ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﻼﻥ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ
- 12. 12
-ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻋﻼﻥ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ
ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ،ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ
-ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﻫﺮ ﻃﻮﻝﺩﺍﺩﻩ
-ﻭ.......
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺗﺎﺷﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ
ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪ،ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻱ
ﺑﺮﺧﻲﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ.
ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻲﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ: TCP/IP ، UDP ، FTP ، PPPﻭ
. ...ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﻫﺮRFC
ﺗﻮﺳﻂIETFﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺭ)ﻣﺜﻼRFCﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ٧٩١،ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ
ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭIPﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ. (
IP :
ﻣﺨﻔﻒInternet Protcol .ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﻳﻦﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ(Ip
- 13. 13
Datagram)ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻲ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻭ.ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻳﺼﻲ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞTCPﺷ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺪﻩ
ﻣﻲ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﺩ.
ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﺑﻴﻦﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﻲ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ
ﻋﺪﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ
ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﻲﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻲﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ
ﺷﺪ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ.ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﻗﺺ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﺬﺍﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞTCPﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ
ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻮﺩﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ.
ﻣﺪﻝ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻳﻦTCP/IPﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺭﺍ
ﺍ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻳﻦ.ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻫﻢIPV4 (ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺭﮊﻥ٤ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ
Ip)ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ
ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻲ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖﻭﺭﮊﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ، IPV6ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ
ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ.
- 14. 14
TCP :
ﻣﺨﻔﻒTransmission Control Protocol .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻞ
ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ،ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﮔﺮﺩﺩ. TCPﺑﻪ
ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺮ
ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻟﻬﺎﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ
ﺷﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ.ﻣﻘﺼﺪﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻩ
ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﺒﺪﺍ.ﻛﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺪﺍﻣﺪﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ
ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ،ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻛﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ.ﺑﺪﻳﻦ
ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ)ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺯ(ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ
ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ.
HTTP :
ﻣﺨﻔﻒHypertext Transfer Protocol .ﺍﻳﻦﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺏ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ
ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ.ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻫﺎHTTPﺭﺍ ﻭﺏ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻭﺭ ﻭﺏ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ
- 15. 15
ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﺩﺭﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻫﺮ.ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻣﺜﻼ
ﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭﺏ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﺳ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪﺘﻮﺭHTTPﺳﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺏ ﺑﻪ
ﻣﻲ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ،ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻛﻪﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ
ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ.
HTTPﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﻳﻚStatelessﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ
ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ.ﺑﻪ
ﻫﻤﻴﻦﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﺏ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻟﻴﻞﻋﻜﺲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ،ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ.ﻧﻘﻴﺼﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪHTTPﺗﻮﺳﻂ
ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲActivex , Java , JavaScript , Cookieﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ
ﺍﺳﺖ.
FTP :
ﻣﺨﻔﻒFile Transfer Protocol .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯﺑ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺮﺍﻱ
ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻬﺎ.ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩFTPﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻧﻈﻴﺮﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞHTTPﺑﺮﺍﻱ
- 16. 16
ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﻭﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺏ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖSMTPﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ.ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺍﻳﻦTCP/IP
ﻣﻲ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﺭﺁﻳﻨﺪ.ﺍﺯFTPﺳﺮﻭﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻭ
ﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞﺷﻮﺩ)ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭﺏ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ
ﺳﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﻪ.(
Bridge :
ﺩﻭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪLanﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒLanﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍ
ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ،ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ.Bridge
ﻛﺮﺩ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ،ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻥ...ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ.ﺗﻮﺳﻂ
Bridgeﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲLanﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ
ﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻱﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ
ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﺘﺮ.ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﺎﻩ
ﺑ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻪﺗﺼﺎﺩﻡ ،ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ
(collision)ﭼﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺥ
- 17. 17
ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺭﺥ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ،ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ.
Bridgeﺑﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺭﺥ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ
ﻛﺎﻫﺪ.ﭘﻴﺎﻣ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦﺍﺯ ﻲﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﻚ
ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖBridgeﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﻊﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ
ﻛﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺎ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ.
Repeater :
ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩLan ،ﻛﻪﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ
ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖﻛﻨﺪ، Repeaterﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ.ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ
ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻳﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﻝﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ
ﻣﻴﺮﺍﻳﻲ)ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ(ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ.ﻳﻚRepeaterﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻮﮒ
ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ،ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲRepeaterﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ
ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱﻟﻬﺎﻱﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ.ﺑﺎ
ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩRepeaterﻣﻲ ﻫﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ
- 18. 18
ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﺩﻭﺭﺗﺮﻱ)ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺣﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ(ﺍﺯ
ﻛﺮﺩ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻬﻢ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻨﺪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻪﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ
ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ.
Router :
ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﺑﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ.ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﻳﻚLAN ، WANﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻭLANﻭ
ISPﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ.ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ ﺭﻭﺗﺮProtocol Independentﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ؛
ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻛﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ
،ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﺍ.ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺗﺮﻫﺎ
GATEWAY ،ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻳﻌﻨﻲﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ.
ﺩﺭHeaderﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺁﻥ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ،ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺮ
ﺍﺳﺖ.ﭘﺲ ﺭﻭﺗﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮ ،ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﺯﻭ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ،ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ
- 19. 19
ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻛﻢ ﻭ.ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﺮﻫﺎ
ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ،ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐICMPﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ.
ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ؛ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭStaticﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻛﻪﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻲ
ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻲDynamicﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻛﻪ
ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢﺁﻧﺮﺍUpdateﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ.ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ
ﻣﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕﻛﻨﺪ.
Gateway :
Gatewayﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﻚ ؛ﺑ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻪ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ.ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻖISPﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ
ﻳﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖGatewayﺍﺳﺖ. Gatewayﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻳﺎﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ.
ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺜﻼLANﺑ ،ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺮﺍﻱ
ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪGatewayﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ
- 20. 20
ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ. Gatewayﻳﻚ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦProxy
ServerﻳﺎFirewallﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ.
Hub :
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ
ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩLAN (ﻭ ﭘﺮﻳﻨﺘﺮ ،ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻢ(...ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ
ﺷﻮﺩ.ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲRepeaterﭘﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ(Multi Port)
ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ.ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻫﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺮ
ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ.ﻳﻚPassive Hubﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ
ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺭﺍ(ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻪ ﻭ(ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻭ
، Active Hubﭘﻮﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﭙﻲ
ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ.ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻩﻋﻤﻞ
- 21. 21
ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻭ ﺣﺬﻑ
،ﻣﺠﺪﺩﻑﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮ.
Port :
1-ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻳﻲﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ.
ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻛﻴﺲ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﻛﺖﻣﺘﺼﻞ
ﺍﺯ ﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ،ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻬﺎ.ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﻉ:
ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻝﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ.
2-ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﺭTCP/IPﻭUDP (ﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ
ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ(ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ
،ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ.ﺑﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﻦﺍﻱ
ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ،ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺑﺮ ﻭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ
ﻧﻤﻲ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻳﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺰﺍﻋﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ.
3-ﺑﻪ ﭘﻠﺘﻔﺮﻡ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ
- 22. 22
ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﻠﺘﻔﺮﻡ.ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﺜﻼWindowsﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ
ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱMacintosh .
Parallel Port :
ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﻮﺭﺕﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻛﻴﺲ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ
٢٥ﭘﻴﻦ)ﻛﺎﻧﻜﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭFemale)ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ
ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻳﻨﺘﺮ.ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ8ﺑﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻴﺖ
ﻛﺎﻧﻜﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ٢٥ﭘﻴﻨﻲ
ﻧﻮﻉDB-25ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ.ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ٨ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ
ﻣﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻝﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ٦ﻣﺘﺮ
ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﺩﺍﺭﺩ.ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺎﻡLPTﺍﺳﺖ.
Serial Port :
ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺭ.ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻠﻲMouseﻭModemﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻪﺷﻮﺩ.ﺍﻛﺜﺮ
- 23. 23
ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﻧﻜﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱRS-232CﻳﺎRS-422ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ.
ﻧﺎﻡﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﮕﺮCommunications Portﻳﺎﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﻪCOM portﺍﺳﺖ
ﻧﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻪCOM1، COM2ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ.
Firewire :
ﺗﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦﺳﺮﻋﺖ٤٠٠Mbs (ﺩﺭ١٣٩٤a)ﺗﺎ ﻭ
Mbps 800 (ﺩﺭ١٣٩٤b)ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﺍ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺎﻡﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ
IEEE1394ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ.ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦAppleﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉﺑﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭ
ﻧﺎﻡFirewireﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻭﻟﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ
ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩIEEE 1394ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎI.LINKﻳﺎLYNX
ﺑﺮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ.ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺮ١٣٩٤ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲﺑﻪ٦٣ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.ﺍﻧﺘ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ،ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻼﻭﻩﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻘﺎﻝﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ
ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻝ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ
ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺣﺠﻢreal-timeﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ)ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ
- 24. 24
ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ، VCRﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻓﻴﻠﻤﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ، ﻫﺎTV )ﻣﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ
ﻛﻨﺪ.
ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ.ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭSUBﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ)ﺣﺪﻭﺩﺍ٣٠ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ.(ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦUSBﺍﺯPlug-And-Playﻭ
Hot-Pluggingﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ.ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ
ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ.
Null Modem :
ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ دو اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺮاى ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻮﻋﻰﮔﻴﺮد ﻣﻰ ﻗﺮار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻮرد ىﮑﺪىﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ.دو ﺳﺮىﺎل پﻮرت ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ اىﻦ
و ﺷﺪه ﻣﺘﺼﻞ دﺳﺘﮕﺎهدهﺪ ﻣﻰ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻮدم ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺪون را داده اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻋﻤﻞ. Null Modemﺑﺮاى ﺑﺨﺼﻮص
اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻋﻤﻞ آن ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭼﻮن اﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ پﻮرﺗﺎﺑﻞ هﺎى ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮهﺎ ﺳﺎىﺮ ﺑﺎ دادهﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺪون و آﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ
پﺬىﺮد ﻣﻰ اﻧﺠﺎم دىﮕﺮى ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻰ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ.