Below is the post of another student please reply .  Vascular supply to the breast is primarily through branches of which two arteries? Thoracoacromial artery and internal mammary artery. What is thelarche? The onset of secondary breast development. (during puberty). The upper arm drains into which area of lymph nodes? Begins in the hand and runs upwards in the axillary direction, reaching the cubital nodes.  what changes occur when axillary lymph nodes are removed. Lymphedema can happen any time after lymph nodes are removed. The mother of a girl at Tanner stage 2 asks whether her daughter will start menses early. What is the correct response to give this mother? This would be a normal finding to start early. The menstrual cycle normally appears or happens during stage III.  Name the three methods commonly used for ensuring palpation of the entire breast. Chest wall palpation, lymph node palpation and bimanual digital palpation. What do retractions and dimpling signify? Dimpling of the breast tissue can be a sign of a serious form of cancer known as inflammatory breast cancer. (i.e.) Carcinoma. Dimpling as a sign of breast cancer tends to occur in only one breast. If dimpling affects both breasts, the person probably does not have breast cancer.  A patient who is in her first trimester of pregnancy asks you what changes she should expect in her breasts. What information and important instructions should you give to this patient? Surging hormones and a shift in breast structure mean your nipples and breasts may feel sensitive and tender from as early as three or four weeks. Describe the appearance of the breasts in postmenopausal women. Three is significant change in size and shape. Low level of estrogen makes the breast tissue to begin to become less elastic and dry. C reate a chart that compares and contrasts the following conditions: Fibrocystic disease Fibroadenoma Malignant breast tumor Name the disease of the breast that is a surface manifestation of underlying ductal carcinoma.   Paget's disease of the breast.   What is the peak incidence of breast malignancy?   During the premenopausal years. 4 Fibrocystic disease 5 Fibroadenoma 6 Malignant breast tumor 7 Non-cancerous condition. Occurs in breast. Breast have tendency to feel lumpy. 8 Non-cancerous condition. Occurs in breast. Results in benign tumors, usually found in younger women. (i.e.) 15-35 yrs. 9 Cancerous condition. Occurs in breast. Results in lumps in breast as well as bloody nipple discharge. Change of shape & texture of breast. Explain the kidneys’ role in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. They help maintain electrolyte concentrations by filtering electrolytes and water from blood, returning some to the blood, and excreting any excess into the urine. Maintains balance. How soon after birth bowel sounds should be heard. 1-2 hours after birth. What is the function of the alimentary tract ? To nourish the body. Ingestion and dige.

1. Below is the post of another student please reply .
Vascular supply to the breast is primarily through branches of
which two arteries?
Thoracoacromial artery and internal mammary artery.
What is thelarche?
The onset of secondary breast development. (during puberty).
The upper arm drains into which area of lymph nodes?
Begins in the hand and runs upwards in the axillary direction,
reaching the cubital nodes.
what changes occur when axillary lymph nodes are removed.
Lymphedema can happen any time after lymph nodes are
removed.
The mother of a girl at Tanner stage 2 asks whether her
daughter will start menses early. What is the correct response to
give this mother?
This would be a normal finding to start early. The menstrual
cycle normally appears or happens during stage III.
Name the three methods commonly used for ensuring palpation
of the entire breast.
Chest wall palpation, lymph node palpation and bimanual
digital palpation.
What do retractions and dimpling signify?
Dimpling of the breast tissue can be a sign of a serious form
of cancer known as inflammatory breast cancer. (i.e.)
Carcinoma.

2. Dimpling as a sign of breast cancer tends to occur in only
one breast. If dimpling affects both breasts, the person
probably does not have breast cancer.
A patient who is in her first trimester of pregnancy asks you
what changes she should expect in her breasts. What
information and important instructions should you give to this
patient?
Surging hormones and a shift in breast structure mean your
nipples and breasts may feel sensitive and tender from
as early as three or four weeks.
Describe the appearance of the breasts in postmenopausal
women.
Three is significant change in size and shape. Low level of
estrogen makes the breast tissue to begin to become less elastic
and dry.
C reate a chart that compares and contrasts the following
conditions:
Fibrocystic disease
Fibroadenoma
Malignant breast tumor
Name the disease of the breast that is a surface manifestation of
underlying ductal carcinoma.
Paget's disease of the breast.
What is the peak incidence of breast malignancy?
During the premenopausal years.

3. 4
Fibrocystic disease
5
Fibroadenoma
6
Malignant breast tumor
7
Non-cancerous condition. Occurs in breast. Breast have
tendency to feel lumpy.
8
Non-cancerous condition. Occurs in breast. Results in benign
tumors, usually found in younger women. (i.e.) 15-35 yrs.
9
Cancerous condition. Occurs in breast. Results in lumps in
breast as well as bloody nipple discharge. Change of shape &
texture of breast.
Explain the kidneys’ role in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
They help maintain electrolyte concentrations by
filtering electrolytes and water from blood, returning some to
the blood, and excreting any excess into the urine. Maintains
balance.
How soon after birth bowel sounds should be heard.
1-2 hours after birth.

4. What is the function of the alimentary tract
? To nourish the body. Ingestion and digestion.
Which organ plays an important role in the metabolism of
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
The liver.
Generate a list of relevant data to gather when assessing
abdominal pain.
Vital signs, location of palpation, tenderness, murphy sign,
mcburney and psoas. Assessment and evaluation of present
bowel sounds.
How do you would assess for masses in the abdomen and how
they would document such findings.
Inspection, auscultation and palpation are the techniques used to
locate any masses present. Patient position is supine on the
examination table.
Name the sign that appears as a bluish peri-umbilical
discoloration and suggests intra-abdominal bleeding.
Cullen’s sign.
What could a single umbilical artery alert you to in a newborn?
Risk of congenital malformations, especially genitourinary
malformations and chromosomal anomalies.
Which type of hernia is common in infants?
Umbilical hernias. These hernias are common in
newborns and babies younger than 6 months.
Define Crohn’s disease.

5. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). ) It
causes inflammation of your digestive tract, which can lead to
abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and
malnutrition.
If a sudden onset of severe epigastric pain is continuous,
unrelieved, and radiating to the groin and back, what problem
should be considered?
This is a classic sign of a renal calculi.
MB is a 44-year-old white female patient. She is obese, with a
past medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and
diabetes. She admits that she does not exercise. She is being
evaluated today for right upper quadrant abdominal pain.
1- Differentiate between the three types of cholecystitis.
Acute cholecystitis is inflammation in the gallbladder which
accompanies nausea fever and abdominal pain. Chronic
cholecystitis is chronic inflammation in the gallbladder is less
severe than AC, less lasting. Acute cholescystitis with
formation of renal calculi stone.
2- Describe the method for palpating the gallbladder.
Gently place the palpating hand below the right lower rib
margin at the mid-clavicular line and ask the patient to exhale
as much as possible. As the patient exhales, slowly push your
hand deeper. Then ask the patient to inhale deeply. A positive
Murphy sign is the sudden cessation of inspiration with pain
3- Differentiate between the common symptoms of cholecystitis
pain and the associated symptoms.

6. Severe pain in your upper right or center abdomen.
Pain that spreads to your right shoulder or back. Tenderness
over your abdomen when it's touched.
References
Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., &
Stewart, R. W. (2015). Seidels guide to physical examination
(p. 351-415) St. Louis, MI: Elsevier Mosby