Economic growth during education [autosaved]
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Economic growth during education [autosaved]
- 2. Introduction β’ Academic achievement of student is important in achieving economic growth and development. β’ With higher learning, an individual well equipped with great and noble information, skills and better interpretation of information or something they get to economic for their country. β’ However these variables may change overtime in accordance with the current situation. β’ Theoretical studies suggest that the co-relation between education and economic growth is not clear enough.
- 3. β’ The term of economic growth has been conceptualized to two part of individual : a) highly skilled individuals and professional in academic b) professional degree beyond high schools or university β’ In the Tenth Malaysian Plan (2011-2015), has stated their high focused into putting in efforts on non-physical infrastructure that includes human capital development such as a) skills development b) strong innovation capabilities.
- 4. β’ Therefore, government is implementing a holistic approach to strengthen education and training system, from early childhood to tertiary level. For Example : Technical and vocational training is being provided as an alternative for individuals in strengthening full potential. β’ Academic achievement is essential key that has relation in contributing towards the economic growth. β’ The requirements of high skill development and knowledge are needed by firms to fulfil national economic growth.
- 5. Objective of study β’ To obtain something information from citizen like their perception about Academic Achievement Malaysian students and the effect to economicsβ growth in Malaysia. β’ This research is done to see the relationship between educations on the economic growth of Malaysia.
- 6. Previous Study β’ The economic growth school of thoughts begins with classical economist. In the era of classical economics, which are, Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Karl Marx. β’ The main question concerned that the growth theory introduced by these economist is differ from one another.
- 7. Adam Smith β’ states that the efficiency of labor is important to economic growth. David Ricardo β’ states the theory of distribution and capital accumulation. Karl Marx β’ states that a capitalist profit attained from the utilization of labor, a profit oriented organization.
- 8. Adam Smith β’ Adam Smith viewed that growth process as strictly endogenous and there are two factors contribute to economic growth, which is, β’ a) Division of labor β’ b) Capital accumulation on labor productivity β’ These two factors have a positive relationship that could lead to a higher labor productivity.
- 9. David Ricardo β’ David Ricardo states that economic growth depends on supply of land, capital stock, labor and agricultural technology. β’ The motive of profit influenced the outcome of the market and allocation of resources. β’ The assumption of this model is that agricultural sector contributes most consumption from land (variable).
- 10. Karl Marx β’ Marx believes that growth does not move on continuously β’ Marx view economic development in a view of social and history. β’ Labors productivity, labors skill, knowledge in science and technology and environment are the factors contributes towards economic development
- 11. John Stuart Mill β’ John Stuart Mill was heavily influenced by David Ricardo. β’ Concentrates on the variables such as, β’ 1. capital accumulation β’ 2. population growth and technology. β’ He agrees on the existences of diminishing return, division of labor and governmentβs role in contributing towards economic growth.
- 12. Method Used (Methodology) β’ The research instrument used in this research is a quantitative method through the Questionnaire Forms which are distributed to the 100 selected respondents online. This questionnaire form have three general form, six questions under Economic Growth, five questions in academic achievements and three general knowledge. β’ This research used linear models. Ex: Dependent Variable, Economic Growth (y) Independent Variable, Academic Achievement (x) β’ There are two types of test that will be carry out : i. Pearson Correlation Test ii. Regression Test
- 13. Example of Questionnaire forms Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5
- 14. General Knowledge 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Knowledgeable Skilled Both Female Male Female Male Knowledgeable 6 8 Skilled 14 17 Both 33 22 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Male Female Abroad Local Abroad Local Male 14 33 Female 25 28
- 15. Data Analysis/Finding β’ 100 randomly online respondentβ β’ 53%, female β’ 47%, male Male Female Primary and Secondary School 5 7 Diploma / Matric / STPM 10 11 Degree 21 21 Others 11 14
- 16. Economy Growth & Academic Achievement Economy Growth β’ Malaysian people still confuse with economic in Malaysia stable or not. Average Agree Disagree TOTAL Question 2 0.098 0.102 0.2 Question 3 0.116 0.084 0.2 Question 4 0.106 0.094 0.2 Question 5 0.126 0.074 0.2 Question 6 0.1 0.1 0.2 TOTAL 0.546 0.454 1 55% 45% Percentage Agree Disagree
- 17. Economy Growth & Academic Achievement Academic Achievement β’ More people say that the government still not provide enough financial aid and assistance for your education development from time to time Average Agree Disagree TOTAL Question 1 0.106 0.094 0.2 Question 2 0.114 0.086 0.2 Question 3 0.102 0.098 0.2 Question 4 0.11 0.09 0.2 Question 5 0.096 0.104 0.2 TOTAL 0.528 0.472 1 53% 47% Percentage Agree Disagree
- 18. Mean& Standard Deviation ITEM MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION MINIMUM MAXIMUM Question 2 3.26 1.2340 1 5 Question 3 3.60 1.4747 1 5 Question 4 3.37 1.1777 1 5 Question 5 3.68 1.1360 1 5 Question 6 3.30 1.3446 1 5 ITEM MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION MINIMUM MAXIMUM Question 1 3.48 1.0869 1 5 Question 2 3.63 1.1429 1 5 Question 3 3.51 1.0683 1 5 Question 4 3.57 1.1743 1 5 Question 5 3.47 1.1845 1 5 TABLE 1: Economic Growth TABLE 2: Academic Achievement
- 19. Empirical Data Analysis and Findings Regression and Pearson Correlation β’ In this case, we will use regression and correlation method to measures the degree/strength of relationship between one dependent variable and independent variable. β’ Linear models Correlation test π¦ = π + ππ₯ π = π π₯π¦ π π₯π₯ π π¦π¦ Where, π¦ = πΈπππππππ ππππ€π‘β π₯ = ππππππππ ππβπππ£πππππ‘ π = ππππππ π πππ ππππ /πππππππππππ‘ π = ππππππ π πππ ππππ π‘πππ‘
- 20. Regression and Pearson Correlation Test Regression line π¦ = 27.41 + 0.726π₯ Correlation test π = 0.8332 π2 = 0.6941 β΄ We can say that, 0.8332 is close to +1 imply strong positive linear association between x and y (There is a positive relationship between academic achievements in Malaysian economy growth). Calculation above shows the value of π 2, 0.6941 where 69.41% changes in the dependent variable y, economic growth, can be explained together with the independent variables x, academic achievement
- 21. Regression and Pearson Correlation Test Analysis of Test Model Linearity and Pearson correlation According to the hypothesis that was developed in this research study, π»0: There is a positive relationship between academic achievements in Malaysian economy growth. π»1: There is a negative relationship between academic achievements in Malaysian economy growth. S1: Setting up hypothesis π»0: π½ = 0 π»1: π½ β 0 S2: Stating the test statistic π‘ πππ π‘ = π½βπ½0 πππ π½ ; π€βπππ πππ π½ = π π¦π¦β π½π π₯π¦ (πβ2)π π₯π₯
- 22. Regression and Pearson Correlation Test S3: Using πΌ = 0.01 to find the critical region π‘ πΌ 2,πβ2 = π‘0.005,3 = 5.841 S4: Computing πππ π½ = π π¦π¦β π½π π₯π¦ (πβ2)π π₯π₯ π‘ πππ π‘ = π½βπ½0 πππ π½ πππ π½ = 8266β(0.726β7866) 3 β10836 π‘ πππ π‘ = 0.726β0 0.0774 πππ π½ =0.0774 π‘ πππ π‘ =2.6106 S5: Decision and Conclusion Since 2.6106 < 5.841, we accept π»0, with significant level is 0.01 where there is a positive relationship between academic achievements in Malaysian economy growth.
- 23. Relation to Sociology in Education Theory.
- 25. Conclusion β’ hypothesis is accepted; there is a positive relationship between academic achievement and economy growth in Malaysian. β’ Academic achievement shows a significance positive outcome into economic growth. β’ There is a strong relation between academic achievement and that involves a better knowledge, highly skilled for supporting economic growth. β’ In terms of research methodology, this research explained the findings based on the questionnaire survey approach.