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Substance Use And Adolescents2
1. Substance use and Adolescents The development and maintenance of substance use in adolescents Sheena Welker February 24, 2010
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Editor's Notes
Substance abuse among adolescents is more then just peer pressure. Several individual and environmental factor influence weather or not a teen will abuse drugs, alcohol, or both. In this presentation I will go over some of the risk factors teens face when it comes to substance abuse.
This statistics are alarming, but what do they exactly mean? The statistics indicate that substance use begins relatively early and continues to increase throughout high school. There are several theories as to why some adolescents initiate substance use early, and continue to increase use during high school, while other adolescents do not. Lets examine why.
This is a key factor for the risk of substance use in the adolescent years. The connection is adolescent with poor behavioral control or impulsivity led's to the association with peers who engage in substance use. On the other side teen’s with good behavioral control have the tendency to associate less with adolescent that participate in substance use.
Socio-emotional system develops between childhood and adolescents. Cognitive control develops between adolescents and young adulthood. The time frame during adolescents is when teenagers are very sensitive to reward, but are not fully able to self regulate and think ahead about the consequences of their use.
Adolescents have a higher rate of mortality due to “accidents, suicide, homicide, depression, alcohol, and substance abuse, violence, reckless behaviors, eating disorders, and health problems related to risky sexual behaviors that are killing many youth in our society.”(Dahl 2004) The main reason being is the way adolescent’s deal and manage the high fluctuation of emotions due to puberty. The biggest difference found between adults and adolescents is the way responsible adults handle emotions, versus adolescents.
By engaging in substance use behavior early on adolescents further delay the development of the executive system, and fail to see their substance use a problematic issue.
Things that seem to have an influence on adolescents are “increasing prices on cigarettes, more vigilantly enforcing laws governing the sale of alcohol, expanding adolescent’s access to mental health, and contraceptive services, and rising the driving age” (Steinberg, 2007). D.A.R.E. is a well known preventative program for adolescents. “Scientific evaluation studies have consistently shown that DARE is ineffective in reducing the use of alcohol and drugs and is sometimes even counterproductive -- worse than doing nothing. That's the conclusion of the U.S. General Accounting Office, 1 the U.S. Surgeon General, 2 the National Academy of Sciences, 3 and the U.S. Department of Education, 4 among many others. 5 ” (Alcoholfacts 2007)
Reason: Networking with adults and peers Participate in social and service activities. Feel more integrated Better able to cope with negative life effects Fulfilling the need for community
The studies showed that the earlier the substance use the more likely it will turn into an addiction. Also individual and environmental factors greatly influenced the likelihood of substance abuse. What I believe to be very promising is the buffering aspect I believe that this needs to be researched more, so when teens are already experimenting with substances, that there maybe away to prevent the onset of addiction.
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