Practical JavaScript Programming - Session 7/8

Practical JavaScript Programming
Session 7
Wilson Su

2
https://www.slideshare.net/sweekson/

3
Wilson Su
Front-end Developer, HIE
● 6 years in web design
● Specialize in JavaScript /
CSS / HTML / OOP / Git
● Familiar with PHP / Design
Pattern
● Interested in UI & Ix Design
wilson_su@trend.com.tw

Outline
4
Chapter 14.
● Restricted Features
● Vulnerabilities
Security
Chapter 15.
Best Practice
● Coding Style
● Strict Mode
● Timing Events
Chapter 16.
Design Patterns
● Singleton Pattern
● Factory Pattern
● Dependency Injection
● Module Pattern
● Facade Pattern
● Proxy Pattern
● Observer Pattern

JavaScript Restricted Features
7
Security
Submit a form
The History object
The FileUpload object
Window size and position
Modify event properties
Mixed content
Close a window Same-origin policy

What JavaScript Can Do Globally
● Scripts can override native prototype and methods
● Different scripts can mess with each other's variables
● Different scripts can redefine each other's functions
● Transmit data anywhere
● Watch keystrokes
● All scripts run with equal authority
9
Vulnerabilities

10
Client Side Web Security Attacks
Vulnerabilities
● Cross-Site Scripting / XSS
● Cross-Site Request Forgery / CSRF
● JSON Hijacking
● Clickjacking
● Likejacking / Social Jacking
JS

Cross-Site Scripting
11
Vulnerabilities
<script src="https://evil.com/xss.js"></script>
hacker@gmail.com
Save
Email
Bio
Profile

XSS Attack Examples
12
1. <form action="document.write('evil')">
2. <button typen="submit">Save</button>
3. </form>
4. <input onfocus="document.write('evil')" autofocus/>
5. <img src="x" onerror="document.write('evil')"/>

Cross-Site Request Forgery
13
Vulnerabilities
Bank Let’s Play a Game
http://smart.bank.com http://unsafe.games.com
Popular Games
Play Play Play
Hi, Neo
Account Balance
Transfer 10,000
http://smart.bank.com/transfer?to=12345678&amount=10000

CSRF / Cross Site Request Forgery
14
1. <a href="https://bank.com/transfer?to=123&amount=100">Play</a>
2. <img src="https://bank.com/transfer?to=123&amount=100"/>
3. <iframe src="https://bank.com/transfer?to=123&amount=100">
4. </iframe>

JSON Hijacking
15
Vulnerabilities
Bank Let’s Play a Game
http://smart.bank.com http://unsafe.games.com
Hi, Neo <script>
Object.prototype.__defineSetter
__(…);
</script>
<script
src="https://smart.bank.com/dat
a/account"></script>
Nice see you again.

Clickjacking
16
Vulnerabilities
FB Like
Blog
Fake Like
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Avoid Polluting the Global Scope
19
1. var title = 'JS';
2. var add = function () {};
3. function echo () {};
4. console.log(window.hasOwnProperty('title')); // true
5. console.log(window.hasOwnProperty('add')); // true
6. console.log(window.hasOwnProperty('echo')); // true

Reducing Globals
20
1. /* Use a nmaespace */
2. var util = {
3. version: '1.2.0',
4. unique: function () {},
5. extend: function () {}
6. };

Automatic Semicolon Insertion - Example 1
22
1. function fn () {
2. var string = 'xyz'
3. var number = 999
4. return { value: 1 }
5. }
6. /* The code got transformed as follows */
7. function fn () {
8. var string = 'xyz';
9. var number = 999;
10. return { value: 1 };
11. }

23
1. var fn = function () {
2. return {
3. value: 2
4. }
5. }
7. var fn = function () {
8. return {
9. value: 2
10. };
11. };

24
1. function fn () {
2. var string = 'xyz'
3. number = 999
4. return
5. { value: 3 }
6. }
8. function fn () {
9. var string = 'xyz';
10. number = 999;
11. return;
12. { value: 3 };
13. }

25
1. var echo = value => value;
2. var list, id, data = { id: 1 };
3. echo('Hi')
4. (list || []).forEach(v => console.log(v))
5. id = data.id
6. [1, 2, 3].map(v => v * 2)
7.
8. /* The code from line 3 to 6 got transformed into 2 lines */
9. echo('Hi')(list || []).forEach(v => console.log(v));
10. // TypeError
11. id = data.id[1, 2, 3].map(v => v * 2);
12. // TypeError

26
1. (() => console.log('Hi!'))()
2. (() => console.log('Yo!'))()
3.
4. /* Lines got merged */
5. (() => console.log('Hi!'))()(() => console.log('Yo!'))();
6.
7. /* Add a semicolon before an IIFE; therefore, it will prevent
code from being merged into one line. */
8. Math.random()
9. ;(function () {})();

Conditional Evaluation
27
1. if (array.length > 0) {}
2. if (array.length) {}
3.
4. if (array.length === 0) {}
5. if (!array.length) {}
6.
7. if (string !== '') {}
8. if (string) {}
9.
10. if (string === '') {}
11. if (!string) {}

Avoid Using switch
28
1. var action = 'triple', value = 10;
2. switch (action) {
3. case: 'double':
4. value = value * 2;
5. break;
6. case: 'triple':
7. value = value * 3;
8. break;
9. default:
10. value = value;
11. }

Replacing switch Statements With Object Literals
29
1. var cases = {
2. double: function (value) { return value * 2; },
3. triple: function (value) { return value * 3; },
4. normal: function (value) { return value; }
5. };
6. var action = 'triple', value = 10;
7. var fn = action in cases ? cases[action] : cases.normal;
8. fn(value); // 30

Strict Mode for Scripts
31
1. 'use strict';
2. var text = 'A strict mode script';

Strict Mode for Functions
32
1. function strict () {
2. // Function-level strict mode
3. 'use strict';
4. }
5.
6. function nonstrict () {}

Strict Mode for Anonymous Functions
33
1. (function strict () {
2. // Function-level strict mode
3. 'use strict';
4. })();

The strict-mode directive
is only recognized
at the beginning of a script
or a function.
34

The Strict-mode Not Allowed in Function With Non-simple Parameters
35
1. function fn1 (a = 1, b = 2) { 'use strict'; } // SyntaxError
2. function fn2 ([a, b]) { 'use strict'; } // SyntaxError
3. function fn3 (...args) { 'use strict'; } // SyntaxError
4.
5. /* Workaround */
6. (function () {
7. 'use strict';
8. function fn1 (a = 1, b = 2) {}
9. function fn2 ([a, b]) {}
10. function fn3 (...args) {}
11. })();

Impossible to Accidentally Create Global Variables
36
1. (function nonstrict () {
2. id = 'Global';
3. })();
4. console.log(window.id); // 'Global'
2. 'use strict';
3. /* An error is thrown only if the variable not exists
4. in window object */
5. id = 'Global'; // ReferenceError
6. })();

Strict Mode Function
37
2. return this;
3. })();
4. // Window { … }
5.
7. 'use strict';
8. return this;
9. })();
10. // undefined

Unique Function Parameters
38
1. (function nonstrict (arguments) {
2. return arguments;
3. })(10);
4. // 10
5.
6. function strict (arguments) {
7. 'use strict';
8. }
9. // SyntaxError

Duplicate Parameter Name
39
1. function nonstrict (name, name) {
2. return name;
3. }
4. nonstrict('Ben'); // undefined
5. nonstrict('Ben', 'Lisa'); // 'Lisa'
6.
7. function strict (name, name) {
8. 'use strict';
9. }
10. // SyntaxError

Forbid Setting Properties on Primitive Values
40
2. false.type = 'Bool';
3. (14).text = 'Fourteen';
4. 'Ten'.value = 10;
5. })();
6.
8. 'use strict';
9. false.type = 'Bool'; // TypeError
10. (14).text = 'Fourteen'; // TypeError
11. 'Ten'.value = 10; // TypeError
12. })();

Delete of an Unqualified Identifier
41
2. var index;
3. console.log(delete index); // false
4. })();
5.
7. 'use strict';
8. var index;
9. console.log(delete index);
10. }
11. // SyntaxError

Not Allow to Use with
42
2. var dog = { age: 5 };
3. with (dog) { age = 3; }
4. console.log(dog); // {age: 3}
5. })();
6.
8. 'use strict';
9. var dog = { age: 5 };
10. with (dog) { age = 3; }
11. }
12. // SyntaxError

The eval() Is Not Allowed to Create Variables in Strict-mode
43
2. eval('var number = 30');
3. console.log(number); // 30
4. })();
5.
7. 'use strict';
8. var bool = eval('var bool = true; bool');
9. eval('var number = 30');
10. console.log(bool); // true
11. console.log(number); // ReferenceError
12. })();

A Basic Timing Event
46
1. var timer = setTimeout(function () {
2. console.log('Executed');
3. }, 10 * 1000);
4. /* The clearTimeout() method cancels a timer previously
established by calling setTimeout() */
5. clearTimeout(timer);

A Customable Timing Event Function Using setTimeout
47
1. /* Assume time() is a function to get current time. */
2. function timer (fn, delay = 1000, times = 3) {
3. setTimeout(function () {
4. console.log(time());
5. fn();
6. --times && timer(fn, delay, times);
7. }, delay);
8. };
9. timer(function () {
10. /* Something that blocks for 1 minutes */
11. });
12. // '12:00:01' '12:01:02' '12:02:03'

A Repeatedly Timing Event
48
1. var timer = setInterval(function () {
2. console.log('Executed');
3. }, 10 * 1000);
4. /* The clearInterval() method cancels a timer previously
established by calling setInterval() */
5. clearInterval(timer);

Stacking Calls With setInterval
49
1. setInterval(function () {
2. /* Something that blocks for 1 minutes */
3. }, 1000);
4. /* When code that is being executed blocks the timeout call,
setInterval will still issue more calls to the specified
function. */

Chapter 16.
Design Patterns
51

Singleton Pattern
53
Design Patterns
Static public
method
Private
constructor
A static
member
A class of which only a single instance can exist. Ensure a class only has
one instance, and provide a global point of access to it.

An Example Using the Singleton Pattern
54
1. function Router (options) {
2. if (Router.instance) { return Router.instance; }
3. this.options = options;
4. }
5. Router.instance = null;
6. Router.create = function (options) {
7. if (Router.instance) { return Router.instance; }
8. return Router.instance = new Router(options);
9. }
10. var options = {}, router = Router.create(options);
11. console.log(router === Router.instance); // true
12. console.log(router === new Router(options)); // true

Factory Pattern
56
Design Patterns
Line
Bar
Pie
ChartFactory
Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses decide which
class to instantiate. Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to
subclasses.

An Example Using the Factory Pattern
57
1. /* Assume class Line, Bar, and Pie are defined */
2. var types = { line: Line, bar: Bar, pie: Pie };
3. class ChartFactory {
4. static create (options) {
5. var type = options.type;
6. if (!type) { throw Error('Chart type is undefined.'); }
7. var Type = type in types ? types[type] : null;
8. if (!type) { throw Error('Unknown chart type.'); }
9. return new Type(options);
10. }
11. }
12. ChartFactory.create({ type: 'line', data: [50, 80, 60] });
13. ChartFactory.create({ type: 'pie', data: [10, 20, 70] });

Dependency Injection
59
Design Patterns
Dependency injection is a technique whereby one object supplies the
dependencies of another object. It is one specific implementation of the
inversion of control technique.
App
A
B
C
D
depends

Examples Using the Dependency Injection
60
1. /* Example 1 */
2. function Router () {}
3. function Storage () {}
4. function App () {}
5. new App(new Router(), new Storage());
6.
7. /* Example 2 - Dynamically loads dependencies */
8. function Combobox (input, dropdown) {}
9. var injector = { resolve: function (deps, fn) {} };
10. var dependencies = ['Input', 'Dropdown'];
11. injector.resolve(dependencies, (input, dropdown) => {
12. var combobox = new Combobox(input, dropdown);
13. });

Module Pattern
62
Design Patterns
The Module pattern is used to emulate the concept of classes in such a
way that we're able to include both public/private methods and variables
inside a single object, thus shielding particular parts from the global scope.
Router Menu ChartjQuery

An Example Using the Module Pattern
63
1. /* Global module */
2. var collection = (function () {
3. 'use strict';
4. var module = {};
5. var items = []; // Private
6. var sort = function () {}; // Private
7. module.name = 'collection'; // Public
8. module.push = function (data) {}; // Public
9. return module;
10. })();

An Example Using the Revealing Module Pattern
64
1. /* Global module */
2. var collection = (function () {
3. 'use strict';
4. var name = 'collection';
5. var items = [];
6. function sort () {};
7. function push (data) {};
8. return { name, push };
9. })();

AMD / Asynchronous Module Definition
65
1. /* collection.js */
2. define(['./libs/jquery'], function ($) {
3. 'use strict';
5. var items = [];
9. });

CommonJS
66
1. 'use strict';
2. var $ = require('jquery');
4. var items = [];
7. module.exports = { name, push };

UMD / Universal Module Definition
67
1. (function (root, factory) {
2. if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
3. define(['jquery'], factory);
4. } else if (typeof exports === 'object') {
5. module.exports = factory(require('jquery'));
6. } else {
7. root.collection = factory(root.jQuery);
8. }
9. })(this, function ($) {
10. 'use strict';
11. var name = 'collection', items = [];
12. var sort = () => {}, push = (data) => {};
14. });

Facade Pattern
69
Design Patterns
A single class that represents an entire subsystem. Provide a unified
interface to a set of interfaces in a system. Facade defines a higher-level
interface that makes the subsystem easier to use.
Facade
Internal A Internal B Internal C

An Example Using the Facade Pattern
70
1. function bind (elem, event, listener) {
2. if (elem.addEventListener) {
3. elem.addEventListener(event, listener, false);
4. } else if (elem.attachEvent) {
5. elem.attachEvent('on' + event, listener);
6. } else {
7. elem['on' + event] = listener;
8. }
9. }
10. var button = document.getElementById('save');
11. bind(button, 'click', function () {});
12. bind(button, 'dblclick', function () {});

Proxy Pattern
72
Design Patterns
Proxy Real ObjectClient
An object representing another object. Provide a surrogate or placeholder
for another object to control access to it.

An Example Using the Proxy Pattern
73
1. class ElementProxy {
2. constructor (selector) {
3. this.selector = selector;
4. this.elem = document.querySelector(selector);
5. }
6. on (event, listener, capture) {
7. this.elem.addEventListener(event, listener, capture);
8. return this;
9. }
10. attr (attr, value) {}
11. }
12. var button = new ElementProxy('button#submit');
13. button.attr('disabled', false).on('click', () => {});

Observer Pattern
75
Design Patterns
Subject
Observer
Observer
Observer
notify
notify
notifysubject
changed
Define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one
object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated
automatically.

An Example Using the Observer Pattern
76
1. class Subject {
2. attach (observer) { this.set.add(observer); }
3. detach (observer) { this.set.delete(observer); }
4. notify () { this.observers.forEach(o => o.update()); }
5. setState(state) { this.state = state; }
6. }
7. class Observer {
8. update () {}
9. }
10. var subject = new Subject(), observer = new Observer(subject);
11. subject.attach(observer);
12. subject.setState('changed');
13. subject.notify();

An Example Using the Publish/Subscribe Pattern
77
1. class EventEmitter {
2. on(event, listener) {}
3. off(event, listener) {}
4. once(event, listener) {}
5. emit(event, listener) {}
6. }
7. var emitter = new EventEmitter();
8. emitter.on('done', (data) => console.log('Done.'));
9. emitter.on('error', (error) => console.log('Error!'));
10. fetch('/api/users').then((response) => {
11. emitter.emit('done', response.json());
12. })
13. .catch(error => emitter.emit('error', error));

Reference
78
● Clickjacking - Wikipedia
● Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Cheat Sheet | Veracode
● Cross-Site Scripting – Application Security – Google
● Dependency injection - Wikipedia
● Guide to CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) | Veracode
● HTML5 Security Cheatsheet
● JavaScript Security
● JSON Hijacking | You've Been Hacked

Reference
79
● Mixed content - Web security | MDN
● Principles of Writing Consistent, Idiomatic JavaScript
● Security Guide for Developers
● Social jacking - Wikipedia
● Strict mode restriction - JavaScript | MDN
● Strict mode - JavaScript | MDN
● The 23 Gang of Four Design Patterns
● Understanding Automatic Semicolon Insertion in JavaScript

Reference Books
● Effective JavaScript
● JavaScript: The Good Parts
● JavaScript: The Definitive Guide, 4th Edition
● Learning JavaScript Design Patterns
80

Practical JavaScript Programming - Session 7/8

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